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201 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Robert Virding d16fb82e25 Break out state and event from typedefs and update docs 2019-05-08 16:06:58 +02:00
Robert Virding d2cd97def7 Add handling of creating/updating maps and records, definitely WIP 2019-04-29 00:56:31 +02:00
Robert Virding 5455d0fcd7 Fixed a type error and test, definitely WIP 2019-04-25 12:19:49 +02:00
Robert Virding 2d3e6ab6e0 Refactor internal code and more add statements, definitely WIP 2019-04-25 11:56:21 +02:00
Robert Virding 70a0f77793 Replace hash with bytes, definitely WIP 2019-04-23 11:56:54 +02:00
Robert Virding 04b3227317 Update documentation, definitely WIP 2019-04-23 11:56:08 +02:00
Robert Virding d9be8b2fca Saving even more stuff, definitely WIP 2019-04-23 11:56:08 +02:00
Robert Virding a38afe7693 Saving more stuff, definitely WIP 2019-04-23 11:56:08 +02:00
Robert Virding 5719730d8c Saving stuff, definitely WIP 2019-04-23 11:56:08 +02:00
Hans Svensson 51b63f9559 Merge pull request #59 from aeternity/PT-164629541-generic_hash_and_signature
Add bytes(int), add address_literalsm add ecverify_secp256k1
2019-04-23 11:23:32 +02:00
Hans Svensson 5e6af18c7b Address review comment 2019-04-23 11:10:56 +02:00
Hans Svensson 4324bfd49e Add bytes(int), add address_literalsm add ecverify_secp25k1
hash -> bytes(32)
signature -> bytes(64)
address literals
2019-04-23 10:40:02 +02:00
Erik Stenman faa0ef9772 Merge pull request #57 from aeternity/PT-165312102-setelement
Point to latest aebytecode with setelement instruction.
2019-04-15 10:57:10 +02:00
Erik Stenman f07954f62c Point to latest aebytecode with setelement instruction. 2019-04-15 08:54:02 +02:00
Hans Svensson ef761a4c57 Merge pull request #56 from aeternity/prepare_2.1.0
Preparing v2.1.0
2019-04-11 14:22:54 +02:00
Hans Svensson 330d8929fd Preparing v2.1.0 2019-04-11 13:42:41 +02:00
Thomas Arts 491b1211d1 Merge pull request #55 from aeternity/PT-165246396-prepare-remove-dependency
Update commit hash aebytecode
2019-04-11 10:30:41 +02:00
Thomas Arts e460b84bd0 Update commit hash aebytecode 2019-04-11 09:24:43 +02:00
Hans Svensson 9109712826 Merge pull request #53 from aeternity/generalized_accounts
Add Auth.tx_hash - namespace + primop
2019-04-08 14:45:56 +02:00
Hans Svensson d6a55e144e Test Auth.tx_hash compilation 2019-04-08 11:57:07 +02:00
Hans Svensson db64978d2e Add Auth.tx_hash 2019-04-08 11:57:07 +02:00
Hans Svensson 2ed9d17ce5 Switch to generalized_accounts branch of aebytecode 2019-04-08 11:57:07 +02:00
Robert Virding 7bf7cb0b8f Merge pull request #52 from aeternity/new-aci-generator
PT-163022973 Make a new aci generator
2019-04-05 15:14:17 +02:00
Robert Virding 4a01c852c9 Add more test cases
And some trivial code cleanup.
2019-04-03 22:58:54 +02:00
Robert Virding df00c3958b First version of final aci
Should have more test cases and code cleanup
2019-04-03 17:53:16 +02:00
Robert Virding 12cb37245b First version of new aci generator
We also include some updated simple tests which are only run by eunit.
2019-04-03 17:53:16 +02:00
Tino Breddin 562ad5ee87 Merge pull request #51 from aeternity/PT-165081160-update-rebar3
Upgrade rebar3 to 3.9.1-aeternity.2
2019-04-03 11:00:26 +02:00
Tino Breddin 4e78756b90 Upgrade rebar3 to 3.9.1-aeternity.2
Reference: https://github.com/aeternity/rebar3/releases/tag/3.9.1-aeternity.2
2019-04-03 10:23:02 +02:00
Robert Virding 9f32fb1925 Merge pull request #50 from aeternity/PT-164597852-move-aesophia-heap
PT-164597852 Move aesophia heap handling into aebytecode
2019-04-02 17:53:28 +02:00
Robert Virding 549a0c2201 Move TYPEREP definitions to aebytecode 2019-04-02 16:03:50 +02:00
Robert Virding 9f5f8d4444 Change function references from aeso_sophia to aeb_aevm_data 2019-04-02 16:00:10 +02:00
Robert Virding fd0dbdf207 Change references from aeso_memory to aeb_memory 2019-04-02 15:59:12 +02:00
Robert Virding 0d8b7c7c79 First commit fixinng references from aeso_ to aeb_
Also remove local copies of modules moved to aebytecode.
2019-04-02 15:59:12 +02:00
Erik Stenman 3271d6fba4 Merge pull request #49 from aeternity/PT-164597736-variant-types
Pt 164597736 variant types
2019-04-02 13:59:47 +02:00
Erik Stenman 30fbcc50c5 Longer ref. 2019-04-02 13:53:54 +02:00
Erik Stenman 27bc5474cb Upgrade aebytecode to new variant type representation. 2019-04-02 12:44:51 +02:00
Hans Svensson efeb391805 Merge pull request #48 from aeternity/cleanup_blake2
Remove aeso_blake2, use eblake2
2019-04-02 10:32:41 +02:00
Hans Svensson 15ca37342c Remove aeso_blake2, use eblake2 2019-04-02 09:00:20 +02:00
Luca Favatella 8b7e4db490 Merge pull request #47 from aeternity/PT-164834227-too-verbose-build
Fix build warning
2019-04-01 12:13:28 +01:00
Luca Favatella d89fd134b5 Fix build warning
Symptom:
```
src/aeso_aci.erl:18: Warning: record namespace is unused
```
2019-03-29 15:25:21 +00:00
Luca Favatella 37dfbf78ac Remove fragile file-based versioning (#46) 2019-03-15 10:12:41 +00:00
Tobias Lindahl 188916c61f Merge pull request #45 from aeternity/PT-164655050-fail-on-removed-VERSION
Check that VERSION file exists
2019-03-15 10:15:04 +01:00
Tobias Lindahl f395649419 Check that VERSION file exists 2019-03-15 09:50:39 +01:00
Tobias Lindahl 36395b597a Merge pull request #44 from aeternity/PT-164626753-latest-aebytecode
Upgrade to latest aebytecode (and by transitivity aeserialization)
2019-03-14 11:32:29 +01:00
Tobias Lindahl 177e32c117 Upgrade to latest aebytecode (and by transitivity aeserialization) 2019-03-14 10:59:15 +01:00
Hans Svensson 4d61ee65df Merge pull request #43 from aeternity/add_decode_calldata
add aeso_compiler:decode_calldata/3
2019-03-14 09:42:27 +01:00
Hans Svensson a089af555f More better type specs 2019-03-13 19:57:27 +01:00
Hans Svensson cd116b23d7 add aeso_compiler:decode_calldata/3 2019-03-13 16:15:48 +01:00
Tobias Lindahl fba6609c3a Merge pull request #42 from aeternity/fortuna2
Merge Fortuna to master
2019-03-13 13:44:48 +01:00
Tobias Lindahl e7c477d4de Merge pull request #41 from aeternity/PT-164595944-use-latest-aebytecode
Use latest aebytecode
2019-03-13 11:34:42 +01:00
Tobias Lindahl a44b787735 Use latest aebytecode 2019-03-13 11:17:33 +01:00
Hans Svensson cf46c9e303 Merge pull request #37 from aeternity/release_notes_etc
Release notes + note on versioning
2019-03-09 13:07:31 +01:00
Erik Stenman b6a789bbbc Merge pull request #39 from aeternity/merge_master_to_fortuna
Merge master to fortuna
2019-03-05 14:51:13 +01:00
Erik Stenman ad34363673 Merge branch 'fortuna' into merge_master_to_fortuna 2019-03-05 14:35:10 +01:00
Erik Stenman 257de08100 Upgrade rebar.lock. 2019-03-05 14:32:15 +01:00
Erik Stenman 7ae4a98360 Use latest aebytecode. (#36)
* Use latest aebytecode.

* Fix argument to dup instruction.
2019-03-05 14:27:01 +01:00
Erik Stenman 5e6e607fa4 Use v2.0.1 of aebytecode including new sub dependencies. 2019-03-05 14:27:01 +01:00
Erik Stenman a69056c35e Change aebytecode branch ref to a tag. 2019-03-05 14:26:23 +01:00
Erik Stenman 8cfa611b20 Use right name for inc/1. Remove dead code. 2019-03-05 14:24:46 +01:00
Erik Stenman e9bdd59def Use local (patched) rebar3 in CI builds. 2019-03-05 14:24:46 +01:00
Erik Stenman 0da7376d11 Add patched rebar3 that dont run post hooks in al deps. 2019-03-05 14:24:46 +01:00
Erik Stenman af4f2ad795 Clean up. 2019-03-05 14:24:46 +01:00
Erik Stenman abae4a7602 Upgrade to latest aebytecode. 2019-03-05 14:24:22 +01:00
Erik Stenman 1cfd4c6f24 Add release target. 2019-03-05 14:24:22 +01:00
Ulf Norell f07a49c91d Skeleton for Fate backend 2019-03-05 14:23:19 +01:00
Erik Stenman e33e4cf2cd Use fortuna version of aebytecode in fortuna version of aesophia. 2019-03-05 14:22:59 +01:00
Hans Svensson 89971fb275 Release notes + note on versioning 2019-03-05 11:01:43 +01:00
Erik Stenman 85a014958d Use latest aebytecode. (#36)
* Use latest aebytecode.

* Fix argument to dup instruction.
2019-03-04 14:22:36 +01:00
Hans Svensson cdc7b901e6 Merge pull request #35 from aeternity/proper_version
Add a VERSION file at the top level and go from there
2019-03-04 14:20:59 +01:00
Hans Svensson f266c5eed8 Add a VERSION file at the top level and go from there 2019-03-04 12:17:54 +01:00
Hans Svensson 4d9d3077ad Merge pull request #34 from aeternity/fix_create_calldata_again_again
Fix calldata creation for contracts involving oracles
2019-03-01 15:03:51 +01:00
Ulf Norell 3efde2a2a1 handle hash literals when permissive_address_literals 2019-03-01 11:36:28 +01:00
Ulf Norell edc37bcf1b add case for signature literals to pretty printer 2019-03-01 11:08:28 +01:00
Ulf Norell 20f2a05638 fix problem with indent detection when inserting the __call function 2019-03-01 11:08:14 +01:00
Ulf Norell c2a5ed28cf please dialyzer 2019-03-01 11:07:46 +01:00
Ulf Norell 56f70fea6c test oracle calldata fixes 2019-03-01 09:36:43 +01:00
Ulf Norell 9e908369ec check create_calldata contract without the __call function first 2019-03-01 09:21:56 +01:00
Ulf Norell 9984679a24 better handling of permissive_literals
...that doesn't make the compiler crash
2019-03-01 09:02:55 +01:00
Robert Virding 8f27168908 Merge pull request #31 from aeternity/new-aci-generator
New aci generator
2019-02-28 18:41:59 +01:00
Robert Virding 8619f47ee6 Add very basic ACI testing
These should be extended and expanded.
2019-02-28 16:13:57 +01:00
Robert Virding 0d56130baa Use correct parse error formats 2019-02-28 16:13:57 +01:00
Robert Virding 7448da16bb Make dialyzer happy and keep it quiet 2019-02-28 16:13:57 +01:00
Robert Virding 6f582af83e Add new encode function interface 2019-02-28 16:13:57 +01:00
Robert Virding 931f2d3dcb Move module documentation to separate files 2019-02-28 16:13:57 +01:00
Robert Virding 5d116b2e5a Make the decoder return a binary and untabify 2019-02-28 16:13:57 +01:00
Robert Virding cea581988d Don't decode init function as it should never be called 2019-02-28 16:13:57 +01:00
Robert Virding 2f36380a81 Add handling of private and stateful functions 2019-02-28 16:13:57 +01:00
Robert Virding d330133b3f First version, very much WIP 2019-02-28 16:13:57 +01:00
Hans Svensson 6fccc902d0 Merge pull request #33 from aeternity/fix_create_calldata_again
Correctly handle ArgTypes in create_calldata
2019-02-28 14:57:54 +01:00
Hans Svensson eb77a73d15 Correctly handle ArgTypes in create_calldata 2019-02-28 14:44:16 +01:00
Hans Svensson 62aa06cc3a Merge pull request #32 from aeternity/fix_create_calldata
Fix handling of init in create_calldata
2019-02-28 10:12:15 +01:00
Hans Svensson 6d6fff2612 Better error handling when init is present but wrong 2019-02-28 09:56:16 +01:00
Erik Stenman fadf3378b4 Merge pull request #27 from aeternity/fate-compiler2
Skeleton for Fate backend
2019-02-28 09:03:09 +01:00
Hans Svensson 95bf0d4b6c Fix handling of init in create_calldata 2019-02-27 20:42:42 +01:00
Hans Svensson e94c1f9d84 Merge pull request #30 from aeternity/to-sophia-value-revisited
To sophia value revisited
2019-02-27 11:36:03 +01:00
Hans Svensson a263b09e57 Remove leftover io:format 2019-02-27 11:00:00 +01:00
Hans Svensson 5a3c8530b4 Dialyzer found an error 2019-02-26 21:03:52 +01:00
Ulf Norell 4c79f7b9f2 tests for calldata creation 2019-02-26 17:41:04 +01:00
Ulf Norell e0fff00e64 get rid of byte code argument to create_calldata
This means that there is less type checking at calldata creation time.
Make sure that we check that the function hash exists before calling
a contract!
2019-02-26 17:31:53 +01:00
Hans Svensson 7c95aafbb8 Merge pull request #29 from aeternity/more_better_errors
Improve Events error message + more tests
2019-02-26 16:21:35 +01:00
Ulf Norell 5a4a84805f change create_calldata function to also take fun name and arguments 2019-02-26 15:01:27 +01:00
Ulf Norell cc3e322179 new version of to_sophia_value
takes function name and binary blob
2019-02-26 14:34:57 +01:00
Erik Stenman 54edba3164 Use v2.0.1 of aebytecode including new sub dependencies. 2019-02-26 09:43:14 +01:00
Ulf Norell f16d699f6d Merge pull request #28 from aeternity/decode-vm-to-sophia
Add function to decode VM values to Sophia abstract syntax
2019-02-26 09:00:48 +01:00
Hans Svensson 7b474e439c Improve Events error message + more tests 2019-02-25 21:53:52 +01:00
Erik Stenman fc64ca572d Change aebytecode branch ref to a tag. 2019-02-25 16:42:32 +01:00
Ulf Norell eb926b1352 fix type signature 2019-02-25 14:42:47 +01:00
Ulf Norell dc4a2ca2f9 tests for aeso:compiler:to_sophia_value/2 2019-02-25 14:24:16 +01:00
Ulf Norell f866e24624 pretty print nullary constructor applications without the parens 2019-02-25 14:23:44 +01:00
Ulf Norell ccad660eac add compiler function to translate a vm value to Sophia AST 2019-02-25 14:23:23 +01:00
Erik Stenman 53b85ce6f4 Use right name for inc/1. Remove dead code. 2019-02-25 13:25:36 +01:00
Erik Stenman a7af62c089 Use local (patched) rebar3 in CI builds. 2019-02-25 13:18:13 +01:00
Erik Stenman abc70ba288 Add patched rebar3 that dont run post hooks in al deps. 2019-02-25 13:12:42 +01:00
Erik Stenman 6342cd6a08 Clean up. 2019-02-25 13:10:04 +01:00
Erik Stenman 123d1d2fa2 Upgrade to latest aebytecode. 2019-02-25 09:07:52 +01:00
Erik Stenman b7b54b38a8 Add release target. 2019-02-20 17:34:49 +01:00
Ulf Norell ae3f292f03 Skeleton for Fate backend 2019-02-20 09:44:32 +01:00
Erik Stenman bcdf311096 Use fortuna version of aebytecode in fortuna version of aesophia. 2019-02-15 12:42:49 +01:00
Robert Virding 202a06a580 Merge pull request #25 from aeternity/PT-156466783-namespaces
PT-156466783 namespaces
2019-02-13 15:54:07 +01:00
Ulf Norell b5b0d30fc4 Less hacky handling of Chain.event 2019-02-08 14:48:38 +01:00
Ulf Norell 236ef6eb89 Dialyzed! 2019-02-08 14:16:06 +01:00
Ulf Norell aa6d56ce9b Allow passing an explicit "file system" for included files to the compiler 2019-02-08 14:16:06 +01:00
Ulf Norell 0b86cdc318 Clean up test case 2019-02-08 14:16:06 +01:00
Ulf Norell 27cbedc7ab Further generalise used names computation 2019-02-08 14:16:06 +01:00
Ulf Norell 2ac47059c1 Refactor used_ids and used_types into a generic fold 2019-02-08 14:16:06 +01:00
Hans Svensson 421bc01012 Add error messages for bad include and nested namespace 2019-02-08 14:16:06 +01:00
Hans Svensson 2b7490776e Add include directive
Add an include directive to include namespaces into a contract. Only allowed at the top level.

To allow includes, either call through aeso_compiler:file or set the option `allow_include` (and add `include_path`(s)).
2019-02-08 14:16:06 +01:00
Ulf Norell 0a5b80668f Don't mess up on multiple namespaces in icode compiler 2019-02-08 14:16:06 +01:00
Ulf Norell 6cdba58e35 Update error messages 2019-02-08 14:16:06 +01:00
Ulf Norell 8262d7780f Fix some issues pointed out by dialyzer 2019-02-08 14:16:06 +01:00
Ulf Norell e6f01481bf Bind state and event primitives only in contracts (and with the right types) 2019-02-08 14:16:06 +01:00
Ulf Norell d9188d58a7 Proper checking of types 2019-02-08 14:16:06 +01:00
Ulf Norell dfa286d43c Deadcode elimination (icode post pass) 2019-02-08 14:16:06 +01:00
Ulf Norell 478da2af33 Don't expose namespace functions as entrypoints 2019-02-08 14:16:06 +01:00
Ulf Norell 10be09fe30 Add checks on event constructor arguments to type checker 2019-02-08 14:16:06 +01:00
Ulf Norell e6c9d0fac1 Put event index information in constructor annotation instead of in argument types 2019-02-08 14:16:06 +01:00
Ulf Norell 367f87b612 Implement namespaces
This includes a massive refactoring of the type checker, getting
rid of most of the ets tables and keeping a proper environment.
2019-02-08 14:16:06 +01:00
Hans Svensson 026ff52528 Merge pull request #24 from aeternity/merge_roma
Merge ROMA branch to master
2019-02-08 14:13:10 +01:00
Hans Svensson 3ba89d9f55 Merge ROMA into MINERVA 2019-02-08 13:38:37 +01:00
Robert Virding 0b4c2f14fe Move module documentation to separate files (#23) 2019-02-08 10:31:35 +01:00
Robert Virding b65c4edd19 Merge pull request #22 from aeternity/fix-compiler-interface
Remove specific filename extension handling
2019-02-06 15:17:53 +01:00
Robert Virding 515f444e7c Remove specific filename extension handling
And take the chance to make file handling errors ahve the same format
as other errors.
2019-02-06 14:02:46 +01:00
Hans Svensson 267fef3a5b Merge pull request #21 from aeternity/roma_standalone
Roma standalone
2019-01-31 09:51:56 +01:00
Hans Svensson 362373c0d7 Add escript post_hooks 2019-01-30 10:58:19 +01:00
Dincho Todorov 65b6791176 Initial CircleCI integration (#20) 2019-01-30 10:54:52 +01:00
Hans Svensson 87e5562f74 Super simple standalone version of the compiler 2019-01-29 15:25:39 +01:00
Dincho Todorov d3fa04483e Initial CircleCI integration (#20) 2019-01-29 15:35:41 +02:00
Ulf Norell b8cb7ab1b5 Fix incorrect type specs
h/t OTP-21 dialyzer
2019-01-29 13:58:05 +01:00
Hans Svensson ceb7de2119 Remove a leftover reference to enacl 2019-01-29 13:58:00 +01:00
Ulf Norell 2edafe0adc Merge pull request #19 from aeternity/dialyzer-warnings
Fix incorrect type specs
2019-01-29 09:19:13 +01:00
Ulf Norell 3a7c8f905a Fix incorrect type specs
h/t OTP-21 dialyzer
2019-01-28 14:54:34 +01:00
Hans Svensson 9026e1fe6b Merge pull request #18 from aeternity/minor_fixing_up
Cleanup whitespace, bad typespec, and remaining enacl reference
2019-01-28 11:24:29 +01:00
Hans Svensson f1f2b09294 Cleanup whitespace, bad typespec, and remaining enacl reference 2019-01-28 10:50:32 +01:00
Ulf Norell 53299b9b17 Merge pull request #17 from aeternity/PT-163478903-builtin-bits-type
PT-163478903 builtin bits type
2019-01-28 10:05:09 +01:00
Robert Virding 64fd91197b Merge pull request #9 from aeternity/interface-to-sophia
PT-163063316 Interface to sophia
2019-01-25 16:20:38 +01:00
Robert Virding a73abf8e8e Fix testing to use new error message format 2019-01-25 16:16:20 +01:00
Robert Virding db1c0fa05a Improve pretty printing the code AST 2019-01-25 16:16:20 +01:00
Robert Virding 70ad303e16 Document the aeso_compiler module
The module doc format is loosely based on the standard erlang doc
formats.
2019-01-25 16:16:20 +01:00
Robert Virding fe1a2758c3 Improve the interface to the compiler
It is now more consistent though we can still discuss how we want the
interface to look.
2019-01-25 16:16:20 +01:00
Ulf Norell 79de25b3a5 Fix minor bugs in compilation of bit fields 2019-01-25 16:09:31 +01:00
Ulf Norell 3e1290efaf Add Bits.all and rename Bits.zero to Bits.none 2019-01-25 16:09:31 +01:00
Ulf Norell 9c77622c7c Add set operations on bit fields (union, isect, diff) 2019-01-25 16:09:31 +01:00
Ulf Norell a367d5040a Add builtin bit field type 2019-01-25 16:09:31 +01:00
Ulf Norell d8bf0bda45 Remove integer bit operations 2019-01-25 16:09:31 +01:00
Hans Svensson 922107e438 Merge pull request #16 from aeternity/git_mess_up_fix
Fix git mess up
2019-01-25 10:53:06 +01:00
Hans Svensson f133483a90 Fix git mess up 2019-01-25 10:49:36 +01:00
Hans Svensson be42ee08ab Merge pull request #15 from aeternity/fix_string_concat
Refactor String.concat to not shift 256 bits
2019-01-25 10:36:09 +01:00
Hans Svensson 86285a8ae0 Refactor String.concat to not shift 256 bits
Adding SafeMath to VM_AEVM_SOPHIA_2 will break String.concat otherwise.
2019-01-25 09:57:23 +01:00
Hans Svensson c5c73097fc Merge pull request #13 from aeternity/PT-163388694-add_native_bit_shift
Use ?SHL and ?SHR for 'bsl' and 'bsr'
2019-01-23 13:15:14 +01:00
Hans Svensson 23ccce4c22 Use ?SHL and ?SHR for 'bsl' and 'bsr' 2019-01-22 21:53:30 +01:00
Ulf Norell 387fdf5c34 Merge pull request #12 from aeternity/PT-163362624-generic-hash
PT-163362624 generic hash functions
2019-01-22 15:04:47 +01:00
Ulf Norell f0dcda27bc Update aebytecode commit 2019-01-22 14:54:38 +01:00
Ulf Norell 5fd24fec86 Add more hash primops 2019-01-22 09:09:37 +01:00
Hans Svensson 4bedbfee61 Merge pull request #11 from aeternity/PT-163083710-implement_ecverify
Add Crypto.ecverify
2019-01-22 08:51:10 +01:00
Hans Svensson e4c46ee16f Bump aebytecode dependency 2019-01-21 20:14:20 +01:00
Hans Svensson d8fff8f20f Add Crypto.ecverify 2019-01-21 14:20:15 +01:00
Luca Favatella b074aa3323 Rename description of node in readme (#10) 2019-01-18 10:58:26 +00:00
Hans Svensson 90e45e63d4 Merge pull request #8 from aeternity/add_erlang_blake2b
Add Erlang implementation of Blake2B
2019-01-14 12:19:13 +01:00
Hans Svensson 0d78a5e4a0 Add Erlang implementation of Blake2B
This removes the dependency on enacl, and NIFs.
2019-01-14 10:58:25 +01:00
Hans Svensson b61e3270f9 Merge pull request #6 from aeternity/improve_builtins
PT-163146624 Improve builtins
2019-01-14 10:58:12 +01:00
Ulf Norell 7503ef2f3c Merge pull request #7 from aeternity/PT-163146461-missing-record-fields
PT-163146461 Check for missing fields in record expressions
2019-01-14 08:50:13 +01:00
Hans Svensson 028334ecb6 Avoid exporting all internal functions 2019-01-11 16:13:17 +01:00
Ulf Norell 783d74dff1 Check for missing fields in record expressions 2019-01-11 14:23:53 +01:00
Hans Svensson 335cd4743a Use generalized baseX_int for int_to_str 2019-01-11 13:48:26 +01:00
Hans Svensson 77212b5eb3 rename int_digits baseX_digits 2019-01-11 13:48:26 +01:00
Hans Svensson 79307c34df generalize base58_int to baseX_int 2019-01-11 13:48:26 +01:00
Hans Svensson 9187659a1e Refactoring builtins and improve base58 encoding 2019-01-11 13:48:26 +01:00
Thomas Arts dbf2aa45c3 Merge pull request #5 from aeternity/PT-tag-aesophia
Bump version 1.2.0 (First version of Aeternity block chain, second version of compiler)
2019-01-10 10:10:06 +01:00
Thomas Arts 73a4839d2f Bump version 2019-01-10 09:57:55 +01:00
Luca Favatella 5924197b90 Delete spurious file (#4) 2019-01-08 17:36:55 +00:00
Robert Virding 50179d2918 Update README.md to something a bit more helpful 2019-01-08 17:14:10 +01:00
Ulf Norell 05b80a5517 Merge pull request #3 from aeternity/PT-163053747-missing-init-type-check
PT-163053747 Add missing type check of init function
2019-01-08 16:35:23 +01:00
Ulf Norell 7849fe302c Add missing type check of init function 2019-01-08 12:27:39 +01:00
Thomas Arts 5786b6d813 Merge pull request #2 from aeternity/PT-mk-aesophia-repo
Pt mk aesophia repo
2019-01-08 08:41:14 +01:00
Thomas Arts ad028ddf98 Make dialyzer happy 2019-01-07 20:14:21 +01:00
Thomas Arts b8f4a6b67a Get rid of lager in the compiler 2019-01-07 19:54:53 +01:00
Thomas Arts 4853d386e4 update changes from epoch master 2019-01-07 19:17:49 +01:00
Thomas Arts 66b1d2e98a Update rebar config 2019-01-07 19:17:24 +01:00
Thomas Arts 4b1e11a0ef Update LICENCE 2019-01-07 19:16:39 +01:00
Robert Virding d4d02fd576 First test work commit, don't touch 2018-12-22 01:23:40 +01:00
Robert Virding 3ceb8c38db Initial commit 2018-12-22 01:15:27 +01:00
586 changed files with 12454 additions and 158901 deletions
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version: 2.1
executors:
aebuilder:
docker:
- image: aeternity/builder
user: builder
working_directory: ~/aesophia
jobs:
build:
executor: aebuilder
steps:
- checkout
- restore_cache:
keys:
- dialyzer-cache-v2-{{ .Branch }}-{{ .Revision }}
- dialyzer-cache-v2-{{ .Branch }}-
- dialyzer-cache-v2-
- run:
name: Build
command: ./rebar3 compile
- run:
name: Static Analysis
command: ./rebar3 dialyzer
- run:
name: Eunit
command: ./rebar3 eunit
- run:
name: Common Tests
command: ./rebar3 ct
- save_cache:
key: dialyzer-cache-v2-{{ .Branch }}-{{ .Revision }}
paths:
- _build/default/rebar3_20.3.8_plt
- store_artifacts:
path: _build/test/logs
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.rebar3
_*
.eunit
*.o
*.beam
*.plt
*.swp
*.swo
.erlang.cookie
ebin
log
erl_crash.dump
.rebar
logs
_build
.idea
*.iml
rebar3.crashdump
*.erl~
*.aes~
aesophia
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# Changelog
All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).
## [Unreleased]
### Added
### Changed
### Removed
## [2.1.0] - 2019-04-11
### Added
- Stubs (not yet wired up) for compilation to FATE
- Add functions specific for Calldata decoding
- Support for `Auth.tx_hash`, not available in AEVM until Fortuna release
### Changed
- Improvements to the ACI generator
## [2.0.0] - 2019-03-11
### Added
- Add `Crypto.ecverify` to the compiler.
- Add `Crypto.sha3`, `Crypto.blake2`, `Crypto.sha256`, `String.blake2` and
`String.sha256` to the compiler.
- Add the `bits` type for working with bit fields in Sophia.
- Add Namespaces to Sophia in order to simplify using library contracts, etc.
- Add a missig type check on the `init` function - detects programmer errors earlier.
- Add the ACI (Aeternity Contract Interface) generator.
### Changed
- Use native bit shift operations in builtin functions, reducing gas cost.
- Improve type checking of `record` fields - generates more understandable error messages.
- Improved, more coherent, error messages.
- Simplify calldata creation - instead of passing a compiled contract, simply
pass a (stubbed) contract string.
[Unreleased]: https://github.com/aeternity/aesophia/compare/v2.1.0...HEAD
[2.1.0]: https://github.com/aeternity/aesophia/compare/v2.0.0...v2.1.0
[2.0.0]: https://github.com/aeternity/aesophia/tag/v2.0.0
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ISC License
Copyright (c) 2017, aeternity developers
Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH
REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT,
INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM
LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE
OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR
PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
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# aesophia
This is the __sophia__ compiler for the æternity system which compiles contracts written in __sophia__ code to the æternity VM code.
For more information about æternity smart contracts and the sophia language see [Smart Contracts](https://github.com/aeternity/protocol/blob/master/contracts/contracts.md) and the [Sophia Language](https://github.com/aeternity/protocol/blob/master/contracts/sophia.md).
It is an OTP application written in Erlang and is by default included in
[the æternity node](https://github.com/aeternity/epoch). However, it can
also be included in other systems to compile contracts coded in sophia which
can then be loaded into the æternity system.
## Versioning
`aesophia` has a version that is only loosely connected to the version of the
Aeternity node - in principle they will share the major version but not
minor/patch version. The `aesophia` compiler version MUST be bumped whenever
there is a change in how byte code is generated, but it MAY also be bumped upon
API changes etc.
## Interface Modules
The basic modules for interfacing the compiler:
* [aeso_compiler: the Sophia compiler](./docs/aeso_compiler.md)
* [aeso_aci: the ACI interface](./docs/aeso_aci.md)
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# aeso_aci
### Module
### aeso_aci
The ACI interface encoder and decoder.
### Description
This module provides an interface to generate and convert between
Sophia contracts and a suitable JSON encoding of contract
interface. As yet the interface is very basic.
Encoding this contract:
```
contract Answers =
record state = { a : answers }
type answers() = map(string, int)
stateful function init() = { a = {} }
private function the_answer() = 42
function new_answer(q : string, a : int) : answers() = { [q] = a }
```
generates the following JSON structure representing the contract interface:
``` json
{
"contract": {
"name": "Answers",
"state": {
"record": [
{
"name": "a",
"type": {
"map": {
"key": "string",
"value": "int"
}
}
}
]
},
"type_defs": [
{
"name": "answers",
"vars": [],
"typedef": {
"map": {
"key": "string",
"value": "int"
}
}
}
],
"functions": [
{
"name": "init",
"arguments": [],
"returns": {
"record": [
{
"name": "a",
"type": {
"map": {
"key": "string",
"value": "int"
}
}
}
]
},
"stateful": true
},
{
"name": "new_answer",
"arguments": [
{
"name": "q",
"type": "string"
},
{
"name": "a",
"type": "int"
}
],
"returns": {
"map": {
"key": "string",
"value": "int"
}
},
"stateful": false
}
]
}
}
```
When that encoding is decoded the following include definition is generated:
```
contract Answers =
function new_answer : (string, int) => map(string, int)
```
### Types
``` erlang
contract_string() = string() | binary()
json_string() = binary()
```
### Exports
#### encode_contract(ContractString) -> {ok,JSONstring} | {error,ErrorString}
Types
``` erlang
ConstractString = contract_string()
JSONstring = json_string()
```
This is equivalent to `aeso_aci:encode_contract(ConstractString, [])`.
#### encode_contract(ContractString, Options) -> {ok,JSONstring} | {error,ErrorString}
Types
``` erlang
ConstractString = contract_string()
Options = [option()]
JSONstring = json_string()
```
Generate the JSON encoding of the interface to a contract. The type definitions and non-private functions are included in the JSON string.
#### decode_contract(JSONstring) -> ConstractString.
Types
``` erlang
ConstractString = contract_string()
JSONstring = json_string()
```
Take a JSON encoding of a contract interface and generate and generate a contract definition which can be included in another contract.
#### encode_type(TypeAST) -> JSONstring.
Types
``` erlang
JSONstring = json_string()
```
Generate the JSON encoding of a type from the AST of the type.
#### encode_arg(ArgAST) -> JSONstring.
Types
``` erlang
JSONstring = json_string()
```
Generate the JSON encoding of a function argument from the AST of the argument.
#### encode_stmt(StmtAST) -> JSONstring.
Types
``` erlang
JSONstring = json_string()
```
Generate the JSON encoding of a statement from the AST of the statement.
#### encode_expr(ExprAST) -> JSONstring.
Types
``` erlang
JSONstring = json_string()
```
Generate the JSON encoding of an expression from the AST of the expression.
### Notes
The deprecated functions `aseo_aci:encode/2` and `aeso_aci:decode/1` are still available but should not be used.
### Example run
This is an example of using the ACI generator from an Erlang shell. The file called `aci_test.aes` contains the contract in the description from which we want to generate files `aci_test.json` which is the JSON encoding of the contract interface and `aci_test.include` which is the contract definition to be included inside another contract.
``` erlang
1> {ok,Contract} = file:read_file("aci_test.aes").
{ok,<<"contract Answers =\n\n record state = { a : answers }\n type answers() = map(string, int)\n\n stateful functio"...>>}
2> {ok,Encoding} = aeso_aci:encode_contract(Contract).
{ok,<<"{\"contract\":{\"name\":\"Answers\",\"state\":{\"record\":[{\"name\":\"a\",\"type\":{\"map\":{\"key\":\"string\",\"value\":\"int\"}}}]"...>>}
3> file:write_file("aci_test.aci", Encoding).
ok
4> Decoded = aeso_aci:decode_contract(Encoding).
<<"contract Answers =\n function new_answer : (string, int) => map(string, int)\n">>
5> file:write_file("aci_test.include", Decoded).
ok
6> jsx:prettify(Encoding).
<<"{\n \"contract\": {\n \"name\": \"Answers\",\n \"state\": {\n \"record\": [\n {\n \"name\": \"a\",\n "...>>
```
The final call to `jsx:prettify(Encoding)` returns the encoding in a
more easily readable form. This is what is shown in the description
above.
### Notes
The ACI generator currently cannot properly handle types defined using `datatype`.
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# aeso_compiler
### Module
### aeso_compiler
The Sophia compiler
### Description
This module provides the interface to the standard Sophia compiler. It
returns the compiled module in a map which can then be loaded.
### Types
``` erlang
contract_string() = string() | binary()
contract_map() = #{bytecode => binary(),
compiler_version => binary(),
contract_souce => string(),
type_info => type_info()}
type_info()
errorstring() = binary()
```
### Exports
#### file(File)
#### file(File, Options) -> CompRet
#### from_string(ContractString, Options) -> CompRet
Types
``` erlang
ContractString = contract_string()
Options = [Option]
CompRet = {ok,ContractMap} | {error,ErrorString}
ContractMap = contract_map()
ErrorString = errorstring()
```
Compile a contract defined in a file or in a string.
The **pp_** options all print to standard output the following:
`pp_sophia_code` - print the input Sophia code.
`pp_ast` - print the AST of the code
`pp_types` - print information about the types
`pp_typed_ast` - print the AST with type information at each node
`pp_icode` - print the internal code structure
`pp_assembler` - print the generated assembler code
`pp_bytecode` - print the bytecode instructions
#### check_call(ContractString, Options) -> CheckRet
Types
```
ContractString = string() | binary()
CheckRet = {ok,string(),{Types,Type | any()},Terms} | {error,Term}
Types = [Type]
Type = term()
```
Check a call in contract through the `__call` function.
#### sophia_type_to_typerep(String) -> TypeRep
Types
``` erlang
{ok,TypeRep} | {error, badtype}
```
Get the type representation of a type declaration.
#### version() -> {ok, Version} | {error, term()}
Types
``` erlang
Version = binary()
```
Get the current version of the Sophia compiler.
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aeso_aci
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<h1 id="aeso_aci">aeso_aci</h1>
<h3 id="module">Module</h3>
<h3 id="aeso_aci_1">aeso_aci</h3>
<p>The ACI interface encoder and decoder.</p>
<h3 id="description">Description</h3>
<p>This module provides an interface to generate and convert between
Sophia contracts and a suitable JSON encoding of contract
interface. As yet the interface is very basic.</p>
<p>Encoding this contract:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>contract Answers =
record state = { a : answers }
type answers() = map(string, int)
stateful function init() = { a = {} }
private function the_answer() = 42
function new_answer(q : string, a : int) : answers() = { [q] = a }
</code></pre></div>
<p>generates the following JSON structure representing the contract interface:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;contract&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;functions&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;arguments&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[],</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;init&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;returns&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;Answers.state&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;stateful&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;arguments&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;q&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;string&quot;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;int&quot;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;new_answer&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;returns&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;int&quot;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;stateful&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">],</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;Answers&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;state&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;record&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;type&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;Answers.answers&quot;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;typedefs&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;name&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;answers&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;typedef&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;int&quot;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nt">&quot;vars&quot;</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>When that encoding is decoded the following include definition is generated:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>contract Answers =
record state = {a : Answers.answers}
type answers = map(string, int)
function init : () =&gt; Answers.state
function new_answer : (string, int) =&gt; map(string, int)
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="types">Types</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="p">-</span><span class="ni">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">aci_type</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">::</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">json</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">.</span>
<span class="p">-</span><span class="ni">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">json</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">::</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">jsx</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nf">json_term</span><span class="p">().</span>
<span class="p">-</span><span class="ni">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">json_text</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">::</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">binary</span><span class="p">().</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="exports">Exports</h3>
<h4 id="contract_interfaceaci_type-string-ok-json-string-error-term">contract_interface(aci_type(), string()) -&gt; {ok, json() | string()} | {error, term()}</h4>
<p>Generate the JSON encoding of the interface to a contract. The type definitions
and non-private functions are included in the JSON string.</p>
<h4 id="render_aci_jsonjson-json_text-string">render_aci_json(json() | json_text()) -&gt; string().</h4>
<p>Take a JSON encoding of a contract interface and generate a contract interface
that can be included in another contract.</p>
<h3 id="example-run">Example run</h3>
<p>This is an example of using the ACI generator from an Erlang shell. The file
called <code>aci_test.aes</code> contains the contract in the description from which we
want to generate files <code>aci_test.json</code> which is the JSON encoding of the
contract interface and <code>aci_test.include</code> which is the contract definition to
be included inside another contract.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="mi">1</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nv">Contract</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">file</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nf">read_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;aci_test.aes&quot;</span><span class="p">).</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;contract Answers =</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s"> record state = { a : answers }</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s"> type answers() = map(string, int)</span><span class="se">\n\n</span><span class="s"> stateful function&quot;</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="mi">2</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nv">JsonACI</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">aeso_aci</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nf">contract_interface</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">json</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">Contract</span><span class="p">).</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">,[#{</span><span class="n">contract</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">#{</span><span class="n">functions</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[#{</span><span class="n">arguments</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[],</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;init&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;Answers.state&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">stateful</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">true</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">#{</span><span class="n">arguments</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[#{</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;q&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">},</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">#{</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;int&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">}],</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;new_answer&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">returns</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">#{</span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;int&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">]},</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">stateful</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">false</span><span class="p">}],</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;Answers&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">#{</span><span class="n">record</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[#{</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;a&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;Answers.answers&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">}]},</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typedefs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[#{</span><span class="n">name</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;answers&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">typedef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">#{</span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;map&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;string&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;int&quot;</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">]},</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">vars</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[]}]}}]}</span>
<span class="mi">3</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">file</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nf">write_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;aci_test.aci&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">jsx</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nf">encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">JsonACI</span><span class="p">)).</span>
<span class="n">ok</span>
<span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nv">InterfaceStub</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">aeso_aci</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nf">render_aci_json</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">JsonACI</span><span class="p">).</span>
<span class="p">{</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;contract Answers =</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s"> record state = {a : Answers.answers}</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s"> type answers = map(string, int)</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s"> function init &quot;</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="mi">5</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">file</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nf">write_file</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">&quot;aci_test.include&quot;</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">InterfaceStub</span><span class="p">).</span>
<span class="n">ok</span>
<span class="mi">6</span><span class="o">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nn">jsx</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nf">prettify</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nn">jsx</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="nf">encode</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">JsonACI</span><span class="p">)).</span>
<span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="s">&quot;[</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s"> {</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s"> </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s">contract</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s">: {</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s"> </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s">functions</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s">: [</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s"> {</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s"> </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s">arguments</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s">: [],</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s"> </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s">name</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s">: </span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s">init</span><span class="se">\&quot;</span><span class="s">,</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s"> &quot;</span><span class="p">...</span><span class="o">&gt;&gt;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>The final call to <code>jsx:prettify(jsx:encode(JsonACI))</code> returns the encoding in a
more easily readable form. This is what is shown in the description above.</p>
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aeso_compiler
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<h1 id="aeso_compiler">aeso_compiler</h1>
<h3 id="module">Module</h3>
<h3 id="aeso_compiler_1">aeso_compiler</h3>
<p>The Sophia compiler</p>
<h3 id="description">Description</h3>
<p>This module provides the interface to the standard Sophia compiler. It
returns the compiled module in a map which can then be loaded.</p>
<h3 id="types">Types</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nf">contract_string</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">binary</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nf">contract_map</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">#{</span><span class="n">bytecode</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">binary</span><span class="p">(),</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">compiler_version</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">binary</span><span class="p">(),</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">contract_souce</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">string</span><span class="p">(),</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">type_info</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">type_info</span><span class="p">()}</span>
<span class="nf">type_info</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nf">errorstring</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">binary</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="exports">Exports</h3>
<h4 id="filefile">file(File)</h4>
<h4 id="filefile-options-compret">file(File, Options) -&gt; CompRet</h4>
<h4 id="from_stringcontractstring-options-compret">from_string(ContractString, Options) -&gt; CompRet</h4>
<p>Types</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nv">ContractString</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">contract_string</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nv">Options</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nv">Option</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="nv">CompRet</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">ok</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nv">ContractMap</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">error</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nv">ErrorString</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="nv">ContractMap</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">contract_map</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="nv">ErrorString</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">errorstring</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Compile a contract defined in a file or in a string.</p>
<p>The <strong>pp_</strong> options all print to standard output the following:</p>
<p><code>pp_sophia_code</code> - print the input Sophia code.</p>
<p><code>pp_ast</code> - print the AST of the code</p>
<p><code>pp_types</code> - print information about the types</p>
<p><code>pp_typed_ast</code> - print the AST with type information at each node</p>
<p><code>pp_assembler</code> - print the generated assembler code</p>
<p>The option <code>include_child_contract_symbols</code> includes the symbols of child contracts functions in the generated fate code. It is turned off by default to avoid making contracts bigger on chain.</p>
<h4 id="options-to-control-which-compiler-optimizations-should-run">Options to control which compiler optimizations should run:</h4>
<p>By default all optimizations are turned on, to disable an optimization, it should be
explicitly set to false and passed as a compiler option.</p>
<p>List of optimizations:</p>
<ul>
<li>optimize_inliner</li>
<li>optimize_inline_local_functions</li>
<li>optimize_bind_subexpressions</li>
<li>optimize_let_floating</li>
<li>optimize_simplifier</li>
<li>optimize_drop_unused_lets</li>
<li>optimize_push_consume</li>
<li>optimize_one_shot_var</li>
<li>optimize_write_to_dead_var</li>
<li>optimize_inline_switch_target</li>
<li>optimize_swap_push</li>
<li>optimize_swap_pop</li>
<li>optimize_swap_write</li>
<li>optimize_constant_propagation</li>
<li>optimize_prune_impossible_branches</li>
<li>optimize_single_successful_branch</li>
<li>optimize_inline_store</li>
<li>optimize_float_switch_bod</li>
</ul>
<h4 id="check_callcontractstring-options-checkret">check_call(ContractString, Options) -&gt; CheckRet</h4>
<p>Types
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>ContractString = string() | binary()
CheckRet = {ok,string(),{Types,Type | any()},Terms} | {error,Term}
Types = [Type]
Type = term()
</code></pre></div>
Check a call in contract through the <code>__call</code> function.</p>
<h4 id="version-ok-version-error-term">version() -&gt; {ok, Version} | {error, term()}</h4>
<p>Types</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nv">Version</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">binary</span><span class="p">()</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Get the current version of the Sophia compiler.</p>
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/*!
* Lunr languages, `Danish` language
* https://github.com/MihaiValentin/lunr-languages
*
* Copyright 2014, Mihai Valentin
* http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*/
/*!
* based on
* Snowball JavaScript Library v0.3
* http://code.google.com/p/urim/
* http://snowball.tartarus.org/
*
* Copyright 2010, Oleg Mazko
* http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*/
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/*!
* Lunr languages, `Norwegian` language
* https://github.com/MihaiValentin/lunr-languages
*
* Copyright 2014, Mihai Valentin
* http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*/
/*!
* based on
* Snowball JavaScript Library v0.3
* http://code.google.com/p/urim/
* http://snowball.tartarus.org/
*
* Copyright 2010, Oleg Mazko
* http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*/
!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r():r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. Please include / require Lunr before this script.");if(void 0===e.stemmerSupport)throw new Error("Lunr stemmer support is not present. Please include / require Lunr stemmer support before this script.");e.no=function(){this.pipeline.reset(),this.pipeline.add(e.no.trimmer,e.no.stopWordFilter,e.no.stemmer),this.searchPipeline&&(this.searchPipeline.reset(),this.searchPipeline.add(e.no.stemmer))},e.no.wordCharacters="A-Za-zªºÀ-ÖØ-öø-ʸˠ-ˤᴀ-ᴥᴬ-ᵜᵢ-ᵥᵫ-ᵷᵹ-ᶾḀ-ỿⁱⁿₐ-ₜKÅℲⅎⅠ-ↈⱠ-ⱿꜢ-ꞇꞋ-ꞭꞰ-ꞷꟷ-ꟿꬰ-ꭚꭜ-ꭤff-stA-Za-z",e.no.trimmer=e.trimmerSupport.generateTrimmer(e.no.wordCharacters),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.no.trimmer,"trimmer-no"),e.no.stemmer=function(){var r=e.stemmerSupport.Among,n=e.stemmerSupport.SnowballProgram,i=new function(){function e(){var e,r=w.cursor+3;if(a=w.limit,0<=r||r<=w.limit){for(s=r;;){if(e=w.cursor,w.in_grouping(d,97,248)){w.cursor=e;break}if(e>=w.limit)return;w.cursor=e+1}for(;!w.out_grouping(d,97,248);){if(w.cursor>=w.limit)return;w.cursor++}a=w.cursor,a<s&&(a=s)}}function i(){var e,r,n;if(w.cursor>=a&&(r=w.limit_backward,w.limit_backward=a,w.ket=w.cursor,e=w.find_among_b(m,29),w.limit_backward=r,e))switch(w.bra=w.cursor,e){case 1:w.slice_del();break;case 2:n=w.limit-w.cursor,w.in_grouping_b(c,98,122)?w.slice_del():(w.cursor=w.limit-n,w.eq_s_b(1,"k")&&w.out_grouping_b(d,97,248)&&w.slice_del());break;case 3:w.slice_from("er")}}function t(){var e,r=w.limit-w.cursor;w.cursor>=a&&(e=w.limit_backward,w.limit_backward=a,w.ket=w.cursor,w.find_among_b(u,2)?(w.bra=w.cursor,w.limit_backward=e,w.cursor=w.limit-r,w.cursor>w.limit_backward&&(w.cursor--,w.bra=w.cursor,w.slice_del())):w.limit_backward=e)}function o(){var e,r;w.cursor>=a&&(r=w.limit_backward,w.limit_backward=a,w.ket=w.cursor,e=w.find_among_b(l,11),e?(w.bra=w.cursor,w.limit_backward=r,1==e&&w.slice_del()):w.limit_backward=r)}var s,a,m=[new r("a",-1,1),new r("e",-1,1),new r("ede",1,1),new r("ande",1,1),new r("ende",1,1),new r("ane",1,1),new r("ene",1,1),new r("hetene",6,1),new r("erte",1,3),new r("en",-1,1),new r("heten",9,1),new r("ar",-1,1),new r("er",-1,1),new r("heter",12,1),new r("s",-1,2),new r("as",14,1),new r("es",14,1),new r("edes",16,1),new r("endes",16,1),new r("enes",16,1),new r("hetenes",19,1),new r("ens",14,1),new r("hetens",21,1),new r("ers",14,1),new r("ets",14,1),new r("et",-1,1),new r("het",25,1),new r("ert",-1,3),new r("ast",-1,1)],u=[new r("dt",-1,-1),new r("vt",-1,-1)],l=[new r("leg",-1,1),new r("eleg",0,1),new r("ig",-1,1),new r("eig",2,1),new r("lig",2,1),new r("elig",4,1),new r("els",-1,1),new r("lov",-1,1),new r("elov",7,1),new r("slov",7,1),new r("hetslov",9,1)],d=[17,65,16,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,48,0,128],c=[119,125,149,1],w=new n;this.setCurrent=function(e){w.setCurrent(e)},this.getCurrent=function(){return w.getCurrent()},this.stem=function(){var r=w.cursor;return e(),w.limit_backward=r,w.cursor=w.limit,i(),w.cursor=w.limit,t(),w.cursor=w.limit,o(),!0}};return function(e){return"function"==typeof e.update?e.update(function(e){return i.setCurrent(e),i.stem(),i.getCurrent()}):(i.setCurrent(e),i.stem(),i.getCurrent())}}(),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.no.stemmer,"stemmer-no"),e.no.stopWordFilter=e.generateStopWordFilter("alle at av bare begge ble blei bli blir blitt både båe da de deg dei deim deira deires dem den denne der dere deres det dette di din disse ditt du dykk dykkar då eg ein eit eitt eller elles en enn er et ett etter for fordi fra før ha hadde han hans har hennar henne hennes her hjå ho hoe honom hoss hossen hun hva hvem hver hvilke hvilken hvis hvor hvordan hvorfor i ikke ikkje ikkje ingen ingi inkje inn inni ja jeg kan kom korleis korso kun kunne kva kvar kvarhelst kven kvi kvifor man mange me med medan meg meget mellom men mi min mine mitt mot mykje ned no noe noen noka noko nokon nokor nokre nå når og også om opp oss over på samme seg selv si si sia sidan siden sin sine sitt sjøl skal skulle slik so som som somme somt så sånn til um upp ut uten var vart varte ved vere verte vi vil ville vore vors vort vår være være vært å".split(" ")),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.no.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-no")}});
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!function(r,t){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(t):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=t():t()(r.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(r){r.stemmerSupport={Among:function(r,t,i,s){if(this.toCharArray=function(r){for(var t=r.length,i=new Array(t),s=0;s<t;s++)i[s]=r.charCodeAt(s);return i},!r&&""!=r||!t&&0!=t||!i)throw"Bad Among initialisation: s:"+r+", substring_i: "+t+", result: "+i;this.s_size=r.length,this.s=this.toCharArray(r),this.substring_i=t,this.result=i,this.method=s},SnowballProgram:function(){var r;return{bra:0,ket:0,limit:0,cursor:0,limit_backward:0,setCurrent:function(t){r=t,this.cursor=0,this.limit=t.length,this.limit_backward=0,this.bra=this.cursor,this.ket=this.limit},getCurrent:function(){var t=r;return r=null,t},in_grouping:function(t,i,s){if(this.cursor<this.limit){var e=r.charCodeAt(this.cursor);if(e<=s&&e>=i&&(e-=i,t[e>>3]&1<<(7&e)))return this.cursor++,!0}return!1},in_grouping_b:function(t,i,s){if(this.cursor>this.limit_backward){var e=r.charCodeAt(this.cursor-1);if(e<=s&&e>=i&&(e-=i,t[e>>3]&1<<(7&e)))return this.cursor--,!0}return!1},out_grouping:function(t,i,s){if(this.cursor<this.limit){var e=r.charCodeAt(this.cursor);if(e>s||e<i)return this.cursor++,!0;if(e-=i,!(t[e>>3]&1<<(7&e)))return this.cursor++,!0}return!1},out_grouping_b:function(t,i,s){if(this.cursor>this.limit_backward){var e=r.charCodeAt(this.cursor-1);if(e>s||e<i)return this.cursor--,!0;if(e-=i,!(t[e>>3]&1<<(7&e)))return this.cursor--,!0}return!1},eq_s:function(t,i){if(this.limit-this.cursor<t)return!1;for(var s=0;s<t;s++)if(r.charCodeAt(this.cursor+s)!=i.charCodeAt(s))return!1;return this.cursor+=t,!0},eq_s_b:function(t,i){if(this.cursor-this.limit_backward<t)return!1;for(var s=0;s<t;s++)if(r.charCodeAt(this.cursor-t+s)!=i.charCodeAt(s))return!1;return this.cursor-=t,!0},find_among:function(t,i){for(var s=0,e=i,n=this.cursor,u=this.limit,o=0,h=0,c=!1;;){for(var a=s+(e-s>>1),f=0,l=o<h?o:h,_=t[a],m=l;m<_.s_size;m++){if(n+l==u){f=-1;break}if(f=r.charCodeAt(n+l)-_.s[m])break;l++}if(f<0?(e=a,h=l):(s=a,o=l),e-s<=1){if(s>0||e==s||c)break;c=!0}}for(;;){var _=t[s];if(o>=_.s_size){if(this.cursor=n+_.s_size,!_.method)return _.result;var b=_.method();if(this.cursor=n+_.s_size,b)return _.result}if((s=_.substring_i)<0)return 0}},find_among_b:function(t,i){for(var s=0,e=i,n=this.cursor,u=this.limit_backward,o=0,h=0,c=!1;;){for(var a=s+(e-s>>1),f=0,l=o<h?o:h,_=t[a],m=_.s_size-1-l;m>=0;m--){if(n-l==u){f=-1;break}if(f=r.charCodeAt(n-1-l)-_.s[m])break;l++}if(f<0?(e=a,h=l):(s=a,o=l),e-s<=1){if(s>0||e==s||c)break;c=!0}}for(;;){var _=t[s];if(o>=_.s_size){if(this.cursor=n-_.s_size,!_.method)return _.result;var b=_.method();if(this.cursor=n-_.s_size,b)return _.result}if((s=_.substring_i)<0)return 0}},replace_s:function(t,i,s){var e=s.length-(i-t),n=r.substring(0,t),u=r.substring(i);return r=n+s+u,this.limit+=e,this.cursor>=i?this.cursor+=e:this.cursor>t&&(this.cursor=t),e},slice_check:function(){if(this.bra<0||this.bra>this.ket||this.ket>this.limit||this.limit>r.length)throw"faulty slice operation"},slice_from:function(r){this.slice_check(),this.replace_s(this.bra,this.ket,r)},slice_del:function(){this.slice_from("")},insert:function(r,t,i){var s=this.replace_s(r,t,i);r<=this.bra&&(this.bra+=s),r<=this.ket&&(this.ket+=s)},slice_to:function(){return this.slice_check(),r.substring(this.bra,this.ket)},eq_v_b:function(r){return this.eq_s_b(r.length,r)}}}},r.trimmerSupport={generateTrimmer:function(r){var t=new RegExp("^[^"+r+"]+"),i=new RegExp("[^"+r+"]+$");return function(r){return"function"==typeof r.update?r.update(function(r){return r.replace(t,"").replace(i,"")}):r.replace(t,"").replace(i,"")}}}}});
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/*!
* Lunr languages, `Swedish` language
* https://github.com/MihaiValentin/lunr-languages
*
* Copyright 2014, Mihai Valentin
* http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*/
/*!
* based on
* Snowball JavaScript Library v0.3
* http://code.google.com/p/urim/
* http://snowball.tartarus.org/
*
* Copyright 2010, Oleg Mazko
* http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*/
!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r():r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. Please include / require Lunr before this script.");if(void 0===e.stemmerSupport)throw new Error("Lunr stemmer support is not present. Please include / require Lunr stemmer support before this script.");e.sv=function(){this.pipeline.reset(),this.pipeline.add(e.sv.trimmer,e.sv.stopWordFilter,e.sv.stemmer),this.searchPipeline&&(this.searchPipeline.reset(),this.searchPipeline.add(e.sv.stemmer))},e.sv.wordCharacters="A-Za-zªºÀ-ÖØ-öø-ʸˠ-ˤᴀ-ᴥᴬ-ᵜᵢ-ᵥᵫ-ᵷᵹ-ᶾḀ-ỿⁱⁿₐ-ₜKÅℲⅎⅠ-ↈⱠ-ⱿꜢ-ꞇꞋ-ꞭꞰ-ꞷꟷ-ꟿꬰ-ꭚꭜ-ꭤff-stA-Za-z",e.sv.trimmer=e.trimmerSupport.generateTrimmer(e.sv.wordCharacters),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.sv.trimmer,"trimmer-sv"),e.sv.stemmer=function(){var r=e.stemmerSupport.Among,n=e.stemmerSupport.SnowballProgram,t=new function(){function e(){var e,r=w.cursor+3;if(o=w.limit,0<=r||r<=w.limit){for(a=r;;){if(e=w.cursor,w.in_grouping(l,97,246)){w.cursor=e;break}if(w.cursor=e,w.cursor>=w.limit)return;w.cursor++}for(;!w.out_grouping(l,97,246);){if(w.cursor>=w.limit)return;w.cursor++}o=w.cursor,o<a&&(o=a)}}function t(){var e,r=w.limit_backward;if(w.cursor>=o&&(w.limit_backward=o,w.cursor=w.limit,w.ket=w.cursor,e=w.find_among_b(u,37),w.limit_backward=r,e))switch(w.bra=w.cursor,e){case 1:w.slice_del();break;case 2:w.in_grouping_b(d,98,121)&&w.slice_del()}}function i(){var e=w.limit_backward;w.cursor>=o&&(w.limit_backward=o,w.cursor=w.limit,w.find_among_b(c,7)&&(w.cursor=w.limit,w.ket=w.cursor,w.cursor>w.limit_backward&&(w.bra=--w.cursor,w.slice_del())),w.limit_backward=e)}function s(){var e,r;if(w.cursor>=o){if(r=w.limit_backward,w.limit_backward=o,w.cursor=w.limit,w.ket=w.cursor,e=w.find_among_b(m,5))switch(w.bra=w.cursor,e){case 1:w.slice_del();break;case 2:w.slice_from("lös");break;case 3:w.slice_from("full")}w.limit_backward=r}}var a,o,u=[new r("a",-1,1),new r("arna",0,1),new r("erna",0,1),new r("heterna",2,1),new r("orna",0,1),new r("ad",-1,1),new r("e",-1,1),new r("ade",6,1),new r("ande",6,1),new r("arne",6,1),new r("are",6,1),new r("aste",6,1),new r("en",-1,1),new r("anden",12,1),new r("aren",12,1),new r("heten",12,1),new r("ern",-1,1),new r("ar",-1,1),new r("er",-1,1),new r("heter",18,1),new r("or",-1,1),new r("s",-1,2),new r("as",21,1),new r("arnas",22,1),new r("ernas",22,1),new r("ornas",22,1),new r("es",21,1),new r("ades",26,1),new r("andes",26,1),new r("ens",21,1),new r("arens",29,1),new r("hetens",29,1),new r("erns",21,1),new r("at",-1,1),new r("andet",-1,1),new r("het",-1,1),new r("ast",-1,1)],c=[new r("dd",-1,-1),new r("gd",-1,-1),new r("nn",-1,-1),new r("dt",-1,-1),new r("gt",-1,-1),new r("kt",-1,-1),new r("tt",-1,-1)],m=[new r("ig",-1,1),new r("lig",0,1),new r("els",-1,1),new r("fullt",-1,3),new r("löst",-1,2)],l=[17,65,16,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,24,0,32],d=[119,127,149],w=new n;this.setCurrent=function(e){w.setCurrent(e)},this.getCurrent=function(){return w.getCurrent()},this.stem=function(){var r=w.cursor;return e(),w.limit_backward=r,w.cursor=w.limit,t(),w.cursor=w.limit,i(),w.cursor=w.limit,s(),!0}};return function(e){return"function"==typeof e.update?e.update(function(e){return t.setCurrent(e),t.stem(),t.getCurrent()}):(t.setCurrent(e),t.stem(),t.getCurrent())}}(),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.sv.stemmer,"stemmer-sv"),e.sv.stopWordFilter=e.generateStopWordFilter("alla allt att av blev bli blir blivit de dem den denna deras dess dessa det detta dig din dina ditt du där då efter ej eller en er era ert ett från för ha hade han hans har henne hennes hon honom hur här i icke ingen inom inte jag ju kan kunde man med mellan men mig min mina mitt mot mycket ni nu när någon något några och om oss på samma sedan sig sin sina sitta själv skulle som så sådan sådana sådant till under upp ut utan vad var vara varför varit varje vars vart vem vi vid vilka vilkas vilken vilket vår våra vårt än är åt över".split(" ")),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.sv.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-sv")}});
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!function(e,t){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(t):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=t():t()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. Please include / require Lunr before this script.");if(void 0===e.stemmerSupport)throw new Error("Lunr stemmer support is not present. Please include / require Lunr stemmer support before this script.");e.ta=function(){this.pipeline.reset(),this.pipeline.add(e.ta.trimmer,e.ta.stopWordFilter,e.ta.stemmer),this.searchPipeline&&(this.searchPipeline.reset(),this.searchPipeline.add(e.ta.stemmer))},e.ta.wordCharacters="஀-உஊ-ஏஐ-ஙச-ட஠-னப-யர-ஹ஺-ிீ-௉ொ-௏ௐ-௙௚-௟௠-௩௪-௯௰-௹௺-௿a-zA-Z-zA-0-9-",e.ta.trimmer=e.trimmerSupport.generateTrimmer(e.ta.wordCharacters),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.ta.trimmer,"trimmer-ta"),e.ta.stopWordFilter=e.generateStopWordFilter("அங்கு அங்கே அது அதை அந்த அவர் அவர்கள் அவள் அவன் அவை ஆக ஆகவே ஆகையால் ஆதலால் ஆதலினால் ஆனாலும் ஆனால் இங்கு இங்கே இது இதை இந்த இப்படி இவர் இவர்கள் இவள் இவன் இவை இவ்வளவு உனக்கு உனது உன் உன்னால் எங்கு எங்கே எது எதை எந்த எப்படி எவர் எவர்கள் எவள் எவன் எவை எவ்வளவு எனக்கு எனது எனவே என் என்ன என்னால் ஏது ஏன் தனது தன்னால் தானே தான் நாங்கள் நாம் நான் நீ நீங்கள்".split(" ")),e.ta.stemmer=function(){return function(e){return"function"==typeof e.update?e.update(function(e){return e}):e}}();var t=e.wordcut;t.init(),e.ta.tokenizer=function(r){if(!arguments.length||null==r||void 0==r)return[];if(Array.isArray(r))return r.map(function(t){return isLunr2?new e.Token(t.toLowerCase()):t.toLowerCase()});var i=r.toString().toLowerCase().replace(/^\s+/,"");return t.cut(i).split("|")},e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.ta.stemmer,"stemmer-ta"),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.ta.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-ta")}});
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!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r():r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. Please include / require Lunr before this script.");if(void 0===e.stemmerSupport)throw new Error("Lunr stemmer support is not present. Please include / require Lunr stemmer support before this script.");var r="2"==e.version[0];e.th=function(){this.pipeline.reset(),this.pipeline.add(e.th.trimmer),r?this.tokenizer=e.th.tokenizer:(e.tokenizer&&(e.tokenizer=e.th.tokenizer),this.tokenizerFn&&(this.tokenizerFn=e.th.tokenizer))},e.th.wordCharacters="[฀-๿]",e.th.trimmer=e.trimmerSupport.generateTrimmer(e.th.wordCharacters),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.th.trimmer,"trimmer-th");var t=e.wordcut;t.init(),e.th.tokenizer=function(i){if(!arguments.length||null==i||void 0==i)return[];if(Array.isArray(i))return i.map(function(t){return r?new e.Token(t):t});var n=i.toString().replace(/^\s+/,"");return t.cut(n).split("|")}}});
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!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r():r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. Please include / require Lunr before this script.");if(void 0===e.stemmerSupport)throw new Error("Lunr stemmer support is not present. Please include / require Lunr stemmer support before this script.");e.vi=function(){this.pipeline.reset(),this.pipeline.add(e.vi.stopWordFilter,e.vi.trimmer)},e.vi.wordCharacters="[A-Za-ẓ̀͐́͑̉̃̓ÂâÊêÔôĂ-ăĐ-đƠ-ơƯ-ư]",e.vi.trimmer=e.trimmerSupport.generateTrimmer(e.vi.wordCharacters),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.vi.trimmer,"trimmer-vi"),e.vi.stopWordFilter=e.generateStopWordFilter("là cái nhưng mà".split(" "))}});
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seg.push("E2");
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score += this.ts_(this.UC3__[c3]);
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score += this.ts_(this.UC5__[c5]);
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score += this.ts_(this.TC3__[c3 + c4 + c5]);
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score += this.ts_(this.UQ2__[p2 + c2]);
score += this.ts_(this.UQ3__[p3 + c3]);
score += this.ts_(this.BQ1__[p2 + c2 + c3]);
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score += this.ts_(this.BQ3__[p3 + c2 + c3]);
score += this.ts_(this.BQ4__[p3 + c3 + c4]);
score += this.ts_(this.TQ1__[p2 + c1 + c2 + c3]);
score += this.ts_(this.TQ2__[p2 + c2 + c3 + c4]);
score += this.ts_(this.TQ3__[p3 + c1 + c2 + c3]);
score += this.ts_(this.TQ4__[p3 + c2 + c3 + c4]);
var p = "O";
if (score > 0) {
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word = "";
p = "B";
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p1 = p2;
p2 = p3;
p3 = p;
word += seg[i];
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<title>æternity Sophia Language</title>
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<h1 id="introduction">Introduction</h1>
<p>Sophia is a functional language designed for smart contract development. It is strongly typed and has
restricted mutable state.</p>
<p>Sophia is customized for smart contracts, which can be published
to a blockchain. Thus some features of conventional
languages, such as floating point arithmetic, are not present in Sophia, and
some <a href="https://aeternity.com">æternity blockchain</a> specific primitives, constructions and types have been added.</p>
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<li>For rapid prototyping of smart contracts check out <a href="https://studio.aepps.com/">AEstudio</a>!</li>
<li>For playing around and diving deeper into the language itself check out the <a href="https://repl.aeternity.io/">REPL</a>!</li>
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<h1 id="contract-examples">Contract examples</h1>
<h2 id="crowdfunding">Crowdfunding</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="cm">/*</span>
<span class="cm"> * A simple crowd-funding example</span>
<span class="cm"> */</span>
<span class="k">contract</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">FundMe</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">record</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">spend_args</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recipient</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">address</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">record</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">contributions</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">map</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">address</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">total</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">beneficiary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">address</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deadline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">goal</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">stateful</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">spend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">spend_args</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Chain</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">spend</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">recipient</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">args</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">entrypoint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">init</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">beneficiary</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deadline</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">goal</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">state</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">contributions</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{},</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">beneficiary</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">beneficiary</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deadline</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">deadline</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">total</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">goal</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">goal</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">is_contributor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">addr</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">member</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">addr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">contributions</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">stateful</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">entrypoint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">contribute</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nc">Chain</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">block_height</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">deadline</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">spend</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">recipient</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Call</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">caller</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Call</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">})</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Refund money</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">false</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">switch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nc">Map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">lookup</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nc">Call</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">caller</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">contributions</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">None</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Call</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">value</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">n</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Call</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">value</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">state</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">contributions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nc">Call</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">caller</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">total</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tot</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tot</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Call</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="kc">true</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">stateful</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">entrypoint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">withdraw</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nc">Chain</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">block_height</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">deadline</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">abort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Cannot withdraw before deadline&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nc">Call</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">caller</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">==</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">beneficiary</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">withdraw_beneficiary</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">elif</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">is_contributor</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nc">Call</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">caller</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">withdraw_contributor</span><span class="p">()</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">abort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Not a contributor or beneficiary&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">stateful</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">withdraw_beneficiary</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">require</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">total</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">goal</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;Project was not funded&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">spend</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="n">recipient</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">beneficiary</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Contract</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">balance</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">})</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">stateful</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">withdraw_contributor</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">total</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">&gt;=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">goal</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">abort</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">&quot;Project was funded&quot;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Call</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">caller</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">spend</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="n">recipient</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">to</span><span class="p">,</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">amount</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">state</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">contributions</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">to</span><span class="p">]})</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">put</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nb">state</span><span class="p">{</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">contributions</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">@</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nc">Map</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">delete</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">to</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">c</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">})</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="repositories">Repositories</h2>
<p>This is a list with repositories that include smart contracts written in Sophia:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/aeternity/aepp-sophia-examples">aepp-sophia-examples</a><ul>
<li>A repository that contains lots of different examples. The functionality of these examples is - to some extent - also covered by tests written in JavaScript.</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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<h1 id="syntax">Syntax</h1>
<h2 id="lexical-syntax">Lexical syntax</h2>
<h3 id="comments">Comments</h3>
<p>Single line comments start with <code>//</code> and block comments are enclosed in <code>/*</code>
and <code>*/</code> and can be nested.</p>
<h3 id="keywords">Keywords</h3>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>contract include let switch type record datatype if elif else function
stateful payable true false mod public entrypoint private indexed namespace
interface main using as for hiding
</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="tokens">Tokens</h3>
<ul>
<li><code>Id = [a-z_][A-Za-z0-9_']*</code> identifiers start with a lower case letter.</li>
<li><code>Con = [A-Z][A-Za-z0-9_']*</code> constructors start with an upper case letter.</li>
<li><code>QId = (Con\.)+Id</code> qualified identifiers (e.g. <code>Map.member</code>)</li>
<li><code>QCon = (Con\.)+Con</code> qualified constructor</li>
<li><code>TVar = 'Id</code> type variable (e.g <code>'a</code>, <code>'b</code>)</li>
<li><code>Int = [0-9]+(_[0-9]+)*|0x[0-9A-Fa-f]+(_[0-9A-Fa-f]+)*</code> integer literal with optional <code>_</code> separators</li>
<li><code>Bytes = #[0-9A-Fa-f]+(_[0-9A-Fa-f]+)*</code> byte array literal with optional <code>_</code> separators</li>
<li><code>String</code> string literal enclosed in <code>"</code> with escape character <code>\</code></li>
<li><code>Char</code> character literal enclosed in <code>'</code> with escape character <code>\</code></li>
<li><code>AccountAddress</code> base58-encoded 32 byte account pubkey with <code>ak_</code> prefix</li>
<li><code>ContractAddress</code> base58-encoded 32 byte contract address with <code>ct_</code> prefix</li>
<li><code>OracleAddress</code> base58-encoded 32 byte oracle address with <code>ok_</code> prefix</li>
<li><code>OracleQueryId</code> base58-encoded 32 byte oracle query id with <code>oq_</code> prefix</li>
</ul>
<p>Valid string escape codes are</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Escape</th>
<th>ASCII</th>
<th></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>\b</code></td>
<td>8</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>\t</code></td>
<td>9</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>\n</code></td>
<td>10</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>\v</code></td>
<td>11</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>\f</code></td>
<td>12</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>\r</code></td>
<td>13</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>\e</code></td>
<td>27</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>\xHexDigits</code></td>
<td><em>HexDigits</em></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>See the <a href="https://github.com/aeternity/protocol/blob/master/node/api/api_encoding.md">identifier encoding scheme</a> for the
details on the base58 literals.</p>
<h2 id="layout-blocks">Layout blocks</h2>
<p>Sophia uses Python-style layout rules to group declarations and statements. A
layout block with more than one element must start on a separate line and be
indented more than the currently enclosing layout block. Blocks with a single
element can be written on the same line as the previous token.</p>
<p>Each element of the block must share the same indentation and no part of an
element may be indented less than the indentation of the block. For instance</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">contract</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Layout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// no layout</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// layout block starts on next line</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// indented more than 2 spaces</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// the &#39;+&#39; is indented more than the &#39;x&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="notation">Notation</h2>
<p>In describing the syntax below, we use the following conventions:</p>
<ul>
<li>Upper-case identifiers denote non-terminals (like <code>Expr</code>) or terminals with
some associated value (like <code>Id</code>).</li>
<li>Keywords and symbols are enclosed in single quotes: <code>'let'</code> or <code>'='</code>.</li>
<li>Choices are separated by vertical bars: <code>|</code>.</li>
<li>Optional elements are enclosed in <code>[</code> square brackets <code>]</code>.</li>
<li><code>(</code> Parentheses <code>)</code> are used for grouping.</li>
<li>Zero or more repetitions are denoted by a postfix <code>*</code>, and one or more
repetitions by a <code>+</code>.</li>
<li><code>Block(X)</code> denotes a layout block of <code>X</code>s.</li>
<li><code>Sep(X, S)</code> is short for <code>[X (S X)*]</code>, i.e. a possibly empty sequence of <code>X</code>s
separated by <code>S</code>s.</li>
<li><code>Sep1(X, S)</code> is short for <code>X (S X)*</code>, i.e. same as <code>Sep</code>, but must not be empty.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="declarations">Declarations</h2>
<p>A Sophia file consists of a sequence of <em>declarations</em> in a layout block.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">File</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TopDecl</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">TopDecl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">payable</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">main</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">contract</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Con</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Implement</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Decl</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">contract</span><span class="sc">&#39; &#39;</span><span class="n">interface</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Con</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">Implement</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Decl</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">namespace</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Con</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Decl</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;@</span><span class="n">compiler</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PragmaOp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Version</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">include</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Using</span>
<span class="n">Implement</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;:&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Con</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">Decl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">type</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="sc">&#39;(&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TVar</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TypeAlias</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">record</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="sc">&#39;(&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TVar</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RecordType</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">datatype</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="sc">&#39;(&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TVar</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DataType</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">let</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="sc">&#39;:&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EModifier</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">entrypoint</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FModifier</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">function</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FunDecl</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Using</span>
<span class="n">FunDecl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;:&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Type signature</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="sc">&#39;:&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Definition</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="sc">&#39;:&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GuardedDef</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Guarded definitions</span>
<span class="n">GuardedDef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;|&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">Using</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">using</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Con</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">as</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Con</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">UsingParts</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">UsingParts</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="k">for</span><span class="sc">&#39; &#39;</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;]&#39;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">hiding</span><span class="sc">&#39; &#39;</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;]&#39;</span>
<span class="n">PragmaOp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;&lt;&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="o">=&lt;</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;&gt;&#39;</span>
<span class="n">Version</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;.&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">EModifier</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">payable</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">stateful</span><span class="err">&#39;</span>
<span class="n">FModifier</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">stateful</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">private</span><span class="err">&#39;</span>
<span class="n">Args</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;(&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Pattern</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>Contract declarations must appear at the top-level.</p>
<p>For example,
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">contract</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">entrypoint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
<p>There are three forms of type declarations: type aliases (declared with the
<code>type</code> keyword), record type definitions (<code>record</code>) and data type definitions
(<code>datatype</code>):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">TypeAlias</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span>
<span class="n">RecordType</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;{&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FieldType</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;}&#39;</span>
<span class="n">DataType</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ConDecl</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;|&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">FieldType</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;:&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span>
<span class="n">ConDecl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Con</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="sc">&#39;(&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span><span class="p">]</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>For example,
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">record</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">&#39;a</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">&#39;a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">&#39;a</span><span class="p">}</span>
<span class="k">datatype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">&#39;a</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">&#39;a</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">&#39;a</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Rect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">&#39;a</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">&#39;a</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="k">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int_shape</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
<h2 id="types">Types</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">Type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Domain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Function type</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;(&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Type application</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;(&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Parens</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">unit</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;*&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Tuples</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QId</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TVar</span>
<span class="n">Domain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Single argument</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;(&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Multiple arguments</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p>The function type arrow associates to the right.</p>
<p>Example,
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nv">&#39;a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">&#39;a</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">&#39;a</span><span class="p">))</span>
</code></pre></div></p>
<h2 id="statements">Statements</h2>
<p>Function bodies are blocks of <em>statements</em>, where a statement is one of the following</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="k">switch</span><span class="sc">&#39; &#39;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Case</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="k">if</span><span class="sc">&#39; &#39;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">elif</span><span class="sc">&#39; &#39;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="k">else</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">let</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LetDef</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Using</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span>
<span class="n">LetDef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="sc">&#39;:&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Function definition</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pattern</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Value definition</span>
<span class="n">Case</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pattern</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pattern</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">GuardedCase</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">GuardedCase</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;|&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="n">Pattern</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span>
</code></pre></div>
<p><code>if</code> statements can be followed by zero or more <code>elif</code> statements and an optional final <code>else</code> statement. For example,</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="k">switch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">None</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=&gt;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">&gt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;too big&quot;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">elif</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">&lt;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;too small&quot;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">&quot;just right&quot;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="expressions">Expressions</h2>
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;(&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LamArgs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="o">=&gt;</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Anonymous function (x) =&gt; x + 1</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;(&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BinOp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Operator lambda (+)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="k">if</span><span class="sc">&#39; &#39;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="k">else</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If expression if(x &lt; y) y else x</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;:&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Type annotation 5 : int</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BinOp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Binary operator x + y</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UnOp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Unary operator ! b</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;(&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Application f(x, y)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;.&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Projection state.x</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;[&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;]&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Map lookup map[key]</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;{&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FieldUpdate</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;}&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Record or map update r{ fld[key].x = y }</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;[&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;]&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// List [1, 2, 3]</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;[&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;|&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Generator</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;]&#39;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// List comprehension [k | x &lt;- [1], if (f(x)), let k = x+1]</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;[&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;]&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// List range [1..n]</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;{&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FieldUpdate</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;}&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Record or map value {x = 0, y = 1}, {[key] = val}</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;(&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Parens (1 + 2) * 3</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;(&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Assign pattern (y = x::_)</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Con</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QId</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QCon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Identifiers x, None, Map.member, AELib.Token</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Bytes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Literals 123, 0xff, #00abc123, &quot;foo&quot;, &#39;%&#39;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AccountAddress</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ContractAddress</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Chain identifiers</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OracleAddress</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OracleQueryId</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Chain identifiers</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="o">???</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Hole expression 1 + ???</span>
<span class="n">Generator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pattern</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="o">&lt;-</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Generator</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="k">if</span><span class="sc">&#39; &#39;</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Guard</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LetDef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Definition</span>
<span class="n">LamArgs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;(&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LamArg</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;,&#39;</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;)&#39;</span>
<span class="n">LamArg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="sc">&#39;:&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="n">FieldUpdate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;=&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span>
<span class="n">Path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Record field</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;[&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;]&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Map key</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;.&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Nested record field</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;[&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;]&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Nested map key</span>
<span class="n">BinOp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;&lt;&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;&gt;&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="o">=&lt;</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="o">&gt;=</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="err">&#39;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;+&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;-&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;*&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;/&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="n">mod</span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;^&#39;</span>
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">&#39;</span><span class="o">|&gt;</span><span class="err">&#39;</span>
<span class="n">UnOp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;-&#39;</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">&#39;!&#39;</span>
</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="operators-types">Operators types</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Operators</th>
<th>Type</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>-</code> <code>+</code> <code>*</code> <code>/</code> <code>mod</code> <code>^</code></td>
<td>arithmetic operators</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>!</code> <code>&amp;&amp;</code> <code>||</code></td>
<td>logical operators</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>==</code> <code>!=</code> <code>&lt;</code> <code>&gt;</code> <code>=&lt;</code> <code>&gt;=</code></td>
<td>comparison operators</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>::</code> <code>++</code></td>
<td>list operators</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>|&gt;</code></td>
<td>functional operators</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="operator-precedence">Operator precedence</h2>
<p>In order of highest to lowest precedence.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Operators</th>
<th>Associativity</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><code>!</code></td>
<td>right</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>^</code></td>
<td>left</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>*</code> <code>/</code> <code>mod</code></td>
<td>left</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>-</code> (unary)</td>
<td>right</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>+</code> <code>-</code></td>
<td>left</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>::</code> <code>++</code></td>
<td>right</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>&lt;</code> <code>&gt;</code> <code>=&lt;</code> <code>&gt;=</code> <code>==</code> <code>!=</code></td>
<td>none</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>&amp;&amp;</code></td>
<td>right</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>||</code></td>
<td>right</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><code>|&gt;</code></td>
<td>left</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</article>
</div>
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+39
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@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
%% -*- mode: erlang; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
{erl_opts, [debug_info]}.
{deps, [ {aebytecode, {git, "https://github.com/aeternity/aebytecode.git",
{ref, "e8253b0"}}}
, {getopt, "1.0.1"}
, {jsx, {git, "https://github.com/talentdeficit/jsx.git",
{tag, "2.8.0"}}}
]}.
{escript_incl_apps, [aesophia, aebytecode, getopt]}.
{escript_main_app, aesophia}.
{escript_name, aesophia}.
{escript_emu_args, "%%! \n"}.
{provider_hooks, [{post, [{compile, escriptize}]}]}.
{post_hooks, [{"(linux|darwin|solaris|freebsd|netbsd|openbsd)",
escriptize,
"cp \"$REBAR_BUILD_DIR/bin/aesophia\" ./aesophia"},
{"win32",
escriptize,
"robocopy \"%REBAR_BUILD_DIR%/bin/\" ./ aesophia* "
"/njs /njh /nfl /ndl & exit /b 0"} % silence things
]}.
{dialyzer, [
{warnings, [unknown]},
{plt_apps, all_deps},
{base_plt_apps, [erts, kernel, stdlib, crypto, mnesia]}
]}.
{relx, [{release, {aesophia, "2.1.0"},
[aesophia, aebytecode, getopt]},
{dev_mode, true},
{include_erts, false},
{extended_start_script, true}]}.
+24
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
{"1.1.0",
[{<<"aebytecode">>,
{git,"https://github.com/aeternity/aebytecode.git",
{ref,"e8253b09709f1595d8bd6a1756a0ce93185c6518"}},
0},
{<<"aeserialization">>,
{git,"https://github.com/aeternity/aeserialization.git",
{ref,"6dce265753af4e651f77746e77ea125145c85dd3"}},
1},
{<<"base58">>,
{git,"https://github.com/aeternity/erl-base58.git",
{ref,"60a335668a60328a29f9731b67c4a0e9e3d50ab6"}},
2},
{<<"eblake2">>,{pkg,<<"eblake2">>,<<"1.0.0">>},1},
{<<"getopt">>,{pkg,<<"getopt">>,<<"1.0.1">>},0},
{<<"jsx">>,
{git,"https://github.com/talentdeficit/jsx.git",
{ref,"3074d4865b3385a050badf7828ad31490d860df5"}},
0}]}.
[
{pkg_hash,[
{<<"eblake2">>, <<"EC8AD20E438AAB3F2E8D5D118C366A0754219195F8A0F536587440F8F9BCF2EF">>},
{<<"getopt">>, <<"C73A9FA687B217F2FF79F68A3B637711BB1936E712B521D8CE466B29CBF7808A">>}]}
].
Executable
BIN
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Binary file not shown.
+572
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@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% @author Robert Virding
%%% @copyright (C) 2019, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc
%%% ACI interface
%%% @end
%%% Created : 12 Jan 2019
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
-module(aeso_aci).
%% Old deprecated interface.
-export([encode/1,encode/2,decode/1]).
-export([encode_contract/1,encode_contract/2,decode_contract/1]).
-export([encode_func/1,encode_type/1,encode_arg/1,
encode_stmt/1,encode_expr/1]).
%% Define records for the various typed syntactic forms. These make
%% the code easier but don't seem to exist elsewhere. Unfortunately
%% sometimes the same typename is used with different fields.
%% Top-level
-record(contract, {ann,con,decls}).
%% -record(namespace, {ann,con,decls}).
-record(letfun, {ann,id,args,type,body}).
-record(type_def, {ann,id,vars,typedef}).
%% Types
-record(app_t, {ann,id,fields}).
-record(tuple_t, {ann,args}).
-record(bytes_t, {ann,len}).
-record(record_t, {fields}).
-record(field_t, {ann,id,type}).
-record(alias_t, {type}).
-record(variant_t, {cons}).
-record(constr_t, {ann,con,args}).
-record(fun_t, {ann,named,args,type}).
%% Tokens
-record(arg, {ann,id,type}).
-record(id, {ann,name}).
-record(con, {ann,name}).
-record(qid, {ann,names}).
-record(qcon, {ann,names}).
-record(tvar, {ann,name}).
%% Statements
-record(block, {ann,body}).
-record('if', {ann,test,then,else}). %Both statement and expression
-record(letval, {ann,pat,type,exp}).
-record(switch, {ann,arg,cases}).
-record('case', {ann,pat,body}).
%% Expressions
-record(bool, {ann,bool}).
-record(int, {ann,value}).
-record(string, {ann,bin}).
-record(bytes, {ann,bin}).
-record(tuple, {ann,args}).
-record(list, {ann,args}).
-record(record, {ann,fields}). %Create a record
-record(field, {ann,name,value}). %A record field
-record(proj, {ann,value}). %?
-record(map, {ann,fields}). %Create a map
-record(map_get, {ann,field}).
-record(lam, {ann,args,body}).
-record(app, {ann,func,args}).
-record(typed, {ann,expr,type}).
%% The old deprecated interface.
encode(C) -> encode_contract(C).
encode(C, Os) -> encode_contract(C, Os).
decode(J) -> decode_contract(J).
%% encode_contract(ContractString) -> {ok,JSON} | {error,String}.
%% encode_contract(ContractString, Options) -> {ok,JSON} | {error,String}.
%% Build a JSON structure with lists and tuples, not maps, as this
%% allows us to order the fields in the contructed JSON string.
encode_contract(ContractString) ->
encode_contract(ContractString, []).
encode_contract(ContractString, Options) when is_binary(ContractString) ->
encode_contract(binary_to_list(ContractString), Options);
encode_contract(ContractString, Options) ->
try
Ast = parse(ContractString, Options),
%% io:format("Ast\n~p\n", [Ast]),
%% aeso_ast:pp(Ast),
TypedAst = aeso_ast_infer_types:infer(Ast, Options),
%% io:format("Typed ast\n~p\n", [TypedAst]),
%% aeso_ast:pp_typed(TypedAst),
%% We find and look at the last contract.
Contract = lists:last(TypedAst),
Cname = contract_name(Contract),
Tdefs = do_encode_contract_typedefs(sort_decls(contract_types(Contract))),
Fdefs = [ do_encode_func(F) || F <- sort_decls(contract_funcs(Contract)),
not is_private_func(F) ],
Jmap = [{<<"contract">>,
[{<<"name">>, do_encode_name(Cname)}] ++
Tdefs ++
[{<<"functions">>, Fdefs}]}],
%% io:format("~p\n", [Jmap]),
{ok,jsx:encode(Jmap)}
catch
%% The compiler errors.
error:{parse_errors, Errors} ->
{error, join_errors("Parse errors", Errors, fun(E) -> E end)};
error:{type_errors, Errors} ->
{error, join_errors("Type errors", Errors, fun(E) -> E end)};
error:{code_errors, Errors} ->
{error, join_errors("Code errors", Errors,
fun (E) -> io_lib:format("~p", [E]) end)}
%% General programming errors in the compiler just signal error.
end.
join_errors(Prefix, Errors, Pfun) ->
Ess = [ Pfun(E) || E <- Errors ],
list_to_binary(string:join([Prefix|Ess], "\n")).
%% do_encode_contract_typedefs(TypeDefs) -> [JSON].
%% Return a list of typedefs and state and event if they occur.
do_encode_contract_typedefs(Tdefs) ->
Fun = fun(T, {Ts,Ss,Es}) ->
%% Only one state and event.
case typedef_name(T) of
"state" -> {Ts,[do_encode_state_typedef(T)],Es};
"event" -> {Ts,Ss,[do_encode_event_typedef(T)]};
_Name -> {Ts ++ [do_encode_typedef(T)],Ss,Es}
end
end,
{Ts,Ss,Es} = lists:foldl(Fun, {[],[],[]}, Tdefs),
Ss ++ [{<<"type_defs">>, Ts}] ++ Es.
%% do_encode_state_typedef(StateTdef) -> JSON.
%% do_encode_event_typedef(EventTdef) -> JSON.
do_encode_state_typedef(State) ->
Def = typedef_def(State),
{<<"state">>,do_encode_alias(Def)}.
do_encode_event_typedef(State) ->
Def = typedef_def(State),
{<<"event">>,do_encode_alias(Def)}.
%% encode_func(TypedAST) -> JSON.
%% Encode a function AST into a JSON structure.
encode_func(AST) ->
jsx:encode(do_encode_func(AST)).
%% do_encode_func(Function) -> JSONmap
%% Encode a function definition. Currently we are only interested in
%% the interface and type.
do_encode_func(Fdef) ->
Name = function_name(Fdef),
Args = function_args(Fdef),
Type = function_type(Fdef),
[{<<"name">>, do_encode_name(Name)},
{<<"arguments">>, do_encode_args(Args)},
{<<"returns">>, do_encode_type(Type)},
{<<"stateful">>, is_stateful_func(Fdef)}].
%% encode_arg(TypedAST) -> JSON.
%% Encode an argument AST into a JSON structure.
encode_arg(AST) ->
jsx:encode(do_encode_arg(AST)).
%% do_encode_args(ArgASTs) -> [JSONmap].
%% do_encode_arg(ArgAST) -> JSONmap.
do_encode_args(Args) ->
[ do_encode_arg(A) || A <- Args ].
do_encode_arg(#arg{id=Id,type=T}) ->
[{<<"name">>,do_encode_type(Id)},
{<<"type">>,do_encode_type(T)}].
%% encode_type(TypedAST) -> JSON.
%% Encode a type AST into a JSON structure.
encode_type(AST) ->
jsx:encode(do_encode_type(AST)).
%% do_encode_types([TypeAST]) -> [JSONmap].
%% do_encode_type(TypeAST) -> JsonMap.
do_encode_types(Types) ->
[ do_encode_type(T) || T <- Types ].
do_encode_type(#tvar{name=N}) -> do_encode_name(N);
do_encode_type(#id{name=N}) -> do_encode_name(N);
do_encode_type(#con{name=N}) -> do_encode_name(N);
do_encode_type(#qid{names=Ns}) ->
do_encode_name(lists:join(".", Ns));
do_encode_type(#qcon{names=Ns}) ->
do_encode_name(lists:join(".", Ns)); %?
do_encode_type(#tuple_t{args=As}) ->
Eas = do_encode_types(As),
[{<<"tuple">>,Eas}];
do_encode_type(#bytes_t{len=Len}) ->
{<<"bytes">>,Len};
do_encode_type(#record_t{fields=Fs}) ->
Efs = do_encode_type_rec_fields(Fs),
[{<<"record">>,Efs}];
%% Special case lists and maps as they are built-in types.
do_encode_type(#app_t{id=#id{name="list"},fields=[F]}) ->
Ef = do_encode_type(F),
[{<<"list">>,Ef}];
do_encode_type(#app_t{id=#id{name="map"},fields=Fs}) ->
Ef = do_encode_type_mapo_field(Fs),
[{<<"map">>,Ef}];
%% Other applications.
do_encode_type(#app_t{id=Id,fields=Fs}) ->
Name = do_encode_type(Id),
Efs = do_encode_types(Fs),
[{Name,Efs}];
do_encode_type(#variant_t{cons=Cs}) ->
Ecs = do_encode_types(Cs),
[{<<"variant">>,Ecs}];
do_encode_type(#constr_t{con=C,args=As}) ->
Ec = do_encode_type(C),
Eas = do_encode_types(As),
[{Ec,Eas}];
do_encode_type(#fun_t{args=As,type=T}) ->
Eas = do_encode_types(As),
Et = do_encode_type(T),
[{<<"function">>,[{<<"arguments">>,Eas},{<<"returns">>,Et}]}].
do_encode_name(Name) ->
list_to_binary(Name).
%% do_encode_type_rec_fields(Fields) -> [JSONmap].
%% do_encode_type_rec_field(Field) -> JSONmap.
%% Encode a record field type.
do_encode_type_rec_fields(Fs) ->
[ do_encode_type_rec_field(F) || F <- Fs ].
do_encode_type_rec_field(#field_t{id=Id,type=T}) ->
[{<<"name">>,do_encode_type(Id)},
{<<"type">>,do_encode_type(T)}].
%% do_encode_type_mapo_field(Field) -> JSONmap.
%% Two fields for one map type.
do_encode_type_mapo_field([K,V]) ->
[{<<"key">>,do_encode_type(K)},
{<<"value">>,do_encode_type(V)}].
%% do_encode_typedef(TypeDefAST) -> JSON.
do_encode_typedef(Type) ->
Name = typedef_name(Type),
Vars = typedef_vars(Type),
Def = typedef_def(Type),
[{<<"name">>, do_encode_name(Name)},
{<<"vars">>, do_encode_tvars(Vars)},
{<<"typedef">>, do_encode_alias(Def)}].
do_encode_tvars(Vars) ->
[ do_encode_tvar(V) || V <- Vars ].
do_encode_tvar(#tvar{name=N}) ->
[{<<"name">>, do_encode_name(N)}].
do_encode_alias(#alias_t{type=T}) ->
do_encode_type(T);
do_encode_alias(A) -> do_encode_type(A).
%% encode_stmt(StmtAST) -> JSON.
%% Encode a statement AST into a JSON structure.
encode_stmt(AST) ->
jsx:encode(do_encode_stmt(AST)).
%% do_encode_stmt(StmtAST) -> JSONmap.
do_encode_stmt(#typed{expr=E}) -> %Ignore the type
do_encode_stmt(E);
do_encode_stmt(#block{body=Body}) ->
Eblock = [ do_encode_stmt(B) || B <- Body ],
[{<<"block">>,Eblock}];
do_encode_stmt(#'if'{test=Test,then=Then,else=Else}) ->
%% This is both a statement and en expression.
Etest = do_encode_expr(Test),
Ethen = do_encode_stmt(Then),
Eelse = do_encode_stmt(Else),
[{<<"if">>,[{<<"test">>,Etest},{<<"then">>,Ethen},{<<"else">>,Eelse}]}];
do_encode_stmt(#letval{pat=Pat,exp=Exp}) ->
Epat = do_encode_expr(Pat),
Eexp = do_encode_expr(Exp),
[{<<"let">>,[{<<"pattern">>,Epat},{<<"expression">>,Eexp}]}];
do_encode_stmt(#switch{arg=Arg,cases=Cases}) ->
Earg = do_encode_expr(Arg),
Ecases = [ do_encode_stmt_case(Case) || Case <- Cases ],
[{<<"switch">>,[{<<"arg">>,Earg},{<<"cases">>,Ecases}]}];
do_encode_stmt(E) ->
do_encode_expr(E).
do_encode_stmt_case(#'case'{pat=Pat,body=Body}) ->
Epat = do_encode_expr(Pat), %Patterns are expessions
Ebody = do_encode_stmt(Body),
[{<<"pattern">>,Epat},{<<"body">>,Ebody}].
%% encode_expr(ExprAST) -> JSON.
%% Encode an expression AST into a JSON structure.
encode_expr(AST) ->
jsx:encode(do_encode_expr(AST)).
%% do_encode_exprs(ExprASTs) -> [JSONmap].
%% do_encode_expr(ExprAST) -> JSONmap.
do_encode_exprs(Es) ->
[ do_encode_expr(E) || E <- Es ].
do_encode_expr(#typed{expr=E}) -> %Ignore the type
do_encode_expr(E);
do_encode_expr(#id{name=N}) -> do_encode_name(N);
do_encode_expr(#con{name=N}) -> do_encode_name(N);
do_encode_expr(#qid{names=Ns}) ->
do_encode_name(lists:join(".", Ns));
do_encode_expr(#qcon{names=Ns}) ->
do_encode_name(lists:join(".", Ns)); %?
do_encode_expr(#bool{bool=B}) -> B;
do_encode_expr(#int{value=V}) -> V;
do_encode_expr(#string{bin=B}) ->
[{<<"string">>,B}];
do_encode_expr(#bytes{bin=B}) -> B;
do_encode_expr(#tuple{args=As}) ->
Eas = do_encode_exprs(As),
[{<<"tuple">>,Eas}];
do_encode_expr(#list{args=As}) ->
Eas = do_encode_exprs(As),
[{<<"list">>,Eas}];
do_encode_expr(#record{fields=Fs}) -> %Create a record
Efs = do_encode_expr_rec_fields(Fs),
[{<<"create_record">>,Efs}];
do_encode_expr({record,_Ann,Rec,Fs}) -> %Update a record
Erec = do_encode_expr(Rec),
Efs = do_encode_expr_rec_fields(Fs),
[{<<"update_record">>,[Erec,Efs]}];
do_encode_expr(#lam{args=As,body=B}) ->
Eas = do_encode_args(As),
Eb = do_encode_stmt(B),
[{<<"function">>,[{<<"arguments">>,Eas},{<<"body">>,Eb}]}];
do_encode_expr(#map{fields=Fs}) -> %Create a map
Efs = do_encode_expr_map_fields(Fs),
[{<<"create_map">>,Efs}];
do_encode_expr({map,_Ann,Map,Fs}) -> %Update a map
Emap = do_encode_expr(Map),
Efs = do_encode_expr_map_fields(Fs),
[{<<"update_map">>,[Emap,Efs]}];
do_encode_expr(#map_get{field=F}) ->
do_encode_expr(F);
do_encode_expr(#proj{value=V}) ->
do_encode_expr(V);
do_encode_expr(#app{func=F,args=As}) ->
Ef = do_encode_expr(F),
Eas = do_encode_exprs(As),
[{<<"apply">>,[{<<"function">>,Ef},
{<<"arguments">>,Eas}]}];
do_encode_expr(#'if'{test=Test,then=Then,else=Else}) ->
%% This is both a statement and en expression.
Etest = do_encode_expr(Test),
Ethen = do_encode_expr(Then),
Eelse = do_encode_expr(Else),
[{<<"if">>,[{<<"test">>,Etest},{<<"then">>,Ethen},{<<"else">>,Eelse}]}];
do_encode_expr({Op,_Ann}) ->
list_to_binary(atom_to_list(Op)).
%% do_encode_expr_rec_fields(Fields) -> [JSON].
%% do_encode_expr_rec_field(Field) -> JSON.
%% Encode a record field expression.
do_encode_expr_rec_fields(Fs) ->
[ do_encode_expr_rec_field(F) || F <- Fs ].
do_encode_expr_rec_field(#field{name=[N],value=V}) ->
[{<<"name">>,do_encode_expr(N)},
{<<"value">>,do_encode_expr(V)}].
%% do_encode_expr_map_fields(Fields) -> [JSON].
%% do_encode_expr_map_field(Field) -> JSON.
%% Encode a map field expression.
do_encode_expr_map_fields(Fs) ->
[ do_encode_expr_map_field(F) || F <- Fs ].
do_encode_expr_map_field({K,V}) ->
[{<<"key">>,do_encode_expr(K)},
{<<"value">>,do_encode_expr(V)}];
do_encode_expr_map_field(#field{name=[K],value=V}) ->
[{<<"key">>,do_encode_expr(K)},
{<<"value">>,do_encode_expr(V)}].
%% decode_contract(JSON) -> ContractString.
%% Decode a JSON string and generate a suitable contract string which
%% can be included in a contract definition. We decode into a map
%% here as this is easier to work with and order is not important.
decode_contract(Json) ->
Map = jsx:decode(Json, [return_maps]),
%% io:format("~p\n", [Map]),
#{<<"contract">> := C} = Map,
#{<<"name">> := Name, <<"type_defs">> := Ts, <<"functions">> := Fs} = C,
CS = ["contract"," ",io_lib:format("~s", [Name])," =\n",
do_decode_tdefs(Ts),
do_decode_funcs(Fs)],
list_to_binary(CS).
do_decode_funcs(Fs) -> [ do_decode_func(F) || F <- Fs ].
do_decode_func(#{<<"name">> := <<"init">>}) -> [];
do_decode_func(#{<<"name">> := Name,<<"arguments">> := As,<<"returns">> := T}) ->
[" function"," ",io_lib:format("~s", [Name])," : ",
do_decode_args(As)," => ",do_decode_type(T),$\n].
do_decode_args(As) ->
Das = [ do_decode_arg(A) || A <- As ],
[$(,lists:join(", ", Das),$)].
do_decode_arg(#{<<"type">> := T}) -> do_decode_type(T).
do_decode_types(Ets) ->
[ do_decode_type(Et) || Et <- Ets ].
do_decode_type(#{<<"tuple">> := Ets}) ->
Ts = do_decode_types(Ets),
[$(,lists:join(", ", Ts),$)];
do_decode_type(#{<<"record">> := Efs}) ->
Fs = do_decode_type_rec_fields(Efs),
[${,lists:join(", ", Fs),$}];
do_decode_type(#{<<"list">> := Et}) ->
T = do_decode_type(Et),
["list",$(,T,$)];
do_decode_type(#{<<"map">> := Et}) ->
T = do_decode_type_map(Et),
["map",$(,T,$)];
do_decode_type(#{<<"variant">> := Ets}) ->
Ts = do_decode_types(Ets),
lists:join(" | ", Ts);
do_decode_type(Econs) when is_map(Econs) -> %General constructor
%% io:format("~p\n", [Econs]),
[{Ec,Ets}] = maps:to_list(Econs),
C = do_decode_name(Ec),
Ts = do_decode_types(Ets),
[C,$(,lists:join(", ", Ts),$)];
do_decode_type(T) -> %Just raw names.
do_decode_name(T).
do_decode_name(En) ->
binary_to_list(En).
do_decode_type_rec_fields(Efs) ->
[ do_decode_type_rec_field(Ef) || Ef <- Efs ].
do_decode_type_rec_field(#{<<"name">> := En,<<"type">> := Et}) ->
Name = do_decode_name(En),
Type = do_decode_type(Et),
[Name," : ",Type].
do_decode_type_map(#{<<"key">> := Ek,<<"value">> := Ev}) ->
Key = do_decode_type(Ek),
Value = do_decode_type(Ev),
[Key,", ",Value].
%% do_decode_tdefs(Json) -> [TypeString].
%% Here we are only interested in the type definitions and ignore the
%% aliases. We find them as they always have variants.
do_decode_tdefs(Ts) -> [ do_decode_tdef(T) ||
#{<<"typedef">> := #{<<"variant">> := _}} = T <- Ts
].
do_decode_tdef(#{<<"name">> := Name,<<"vars">> := Vs,<<"typedef">> := T}) ->
[" datatype"," ",do_decode_name(Name),do_decode_tvars(Vs),
" = ",do_decode_type(T),$\n].
do_decode_tvars([]) -> []; %No tvars, no parentheses
do_decode_tvars(Vs) ->
Dvs = [ do_decode_tvar(V) || V <- Vs ],
[$(,lists:join(", ", Dvs),$)].
do_decode_tvar(#{<<"name">> := N}) -> io_lib:format("~s", [N]).
%% #contract{Ann, Con, [Declarations]}.
contract_name(#contract{con=#con{name=N}}) -> N.
contract_funcs(#contract{decls=Decls}) ->
[ D || D <- Decls, is_record(D, letfun) ].
contract_types(#contract{decls=Decls}) ->
[ D || D <- Decls, is_record(D, type_def) ].
%% To keep dialyzer happy and quiet.
%% namespace_name(#namespace{con=#con{name=N}}) -> N.
%%
%% namespace_funcs(#namespace{decls=Decls}) ->
%% [ D || D <- Decls, is_record(D, letfun) ].
%%
%% namespace_types(#namespace{decls=Decls}) ->
%% [ D || D <- Decls, is_record(D, type_def) ].
sort_decls(Ds) ->
Sort = fun (D1, D2) ->
aeso_syntax:get_ann(line, D1, 0) =<
aeso_syntax:get_ann(line, D2, 0)
end,
lists:sort(Sort, Ds).
%% #letfun{Ann, Id, [Arg], Type, Typedef}.
function_name(#letfun{id=#id{name=N}}) -> N.
function_args(#letfun{args=Args}) -> Args.
function_type(#letfun{type=Type}) -> Type.
is_private_func(#letfun{ann=A}) -> aeso_syntax:get_ann(private, A, false).
is_stateful_func(#letfun{ann=A}) -> aeso_syntax:get_ann(stateful, A, false).
%% #type_def{Ann, Id, [Var], Typedef}.
typedef_name(#type_def{id=#id{name=N}}) -> N.
typedef_vars(#type_def{vars=Vars}) -> Vars.
typedef_def(#type_def{typedef=Def}) -> Def.
%% parse(ContractString, Options) -> {ok,AST}.
%% Signal errors, the sophia compiler way. Sigh!
parse(Text, Options) ->
%% Try and return something sensible here!
case aeso_parser:string(Text, Options) of
%% Yay, it worked!
{ok, Contract} -> Contract;
%% Scan errors.
{error, {Pos, scan_error}} ->
parse_error(Pos, "scan error");
{error, {Pos, scan_error_no_state}} ->
parse_error(Pos, "scan error");
%% Parse errors.
{error, {Pos, parse_error, Error}} ->
parse_error(Pos, Error);
{error, {Pos, ambiguous_parse, As}} ->
ErrorString = io_lib:format("Ambiguous ~p", [As]),
parse_error(Pos, ErrorString);
%% Include error
{error, {Pos, include_error, File}} ->
parse_error(Pos, io_lib:format("could not find include file '~s'", [File]))
end.
parse_error(Pos, ErrorString) ->
%% io:format("Error ~p ~p\n", [Pos,ErrorString]),
Error = io_lib:format("~s: ~s", [pos_error(Pos), ErrorString]),
error({parse_errors, [Error]}).
pos_error({Line, Pos}) ->
io_lib:format("line ~p, column ~p", [Line, Pos]);
pos_error({no_file, Line, Pos}) ->
pos_error({Line, Pos});
pos_error({File, Line, Pos}) ->
io_lib:format("file ~s, line ~p, column ~p", [File, Line, Pos]).
+27
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
-module(aeso_ast).
-export([int/2,
line/1,
pp/1,
pp_typed/1,
symbol/2,
symbol_name/1
]).
symbol(Line, Chars) -> {symbol, Line, Chars}.
int(Line, Int) -> {'Int', Line, Int}.
line({symbol, Line, _}) -> Line.
symbol_name({symbol, _, Name}) -> Name.
pp(Ast) ->
String = prettypr:format(aeso_pretty:decls(Ast, [])),
io:format("Ast:\n~s\n", [String]).
pp_typed(TypedAst) ->
%% io:format("Typed tree:\n~p\n",[TypedAst]),
String = prettypr:format(aeso_pretty:decls(TypedAst, [show_generated])),
io:format("Type ast:\n~s\n",[String]).
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%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% @author Happi (Erik Stenman)
%%% @copyright (C) 2017, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc
%%% Compiler from Aeterinty Sophia language to the Aeternity VM, aevm.
%%% @end
%%% Created : 21 Dec 2017
%%%
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
-module(aeso_ast_to_icode).
-export([ast_typerep/1, ast_typerep/2, type_value/1,
convert_typed/2, prim_call/5]).
-include_lib("aebytecode/include/aeb_opcodes.hrl").
-include("aeso_icode.hrl").
-spec convert_typed(aeso_syntax:ast(), list()) -> aeso_icode:icode().
convert_typed(TypedTree, Options) ->
Name = case lists:last(TypedTree) of
{contract, _, {con, _, Con}, _} -> Con;
_ -> gen_error(last_declaration_must_be_contract)
end,
Icode = code(TypedTree, aeso_icode:set_name(Name, aeso_icode:new(Options))),
deadcode_elimination(Icode).
code([{contract, _Attribs, Con, Code}|Rest], Icode) ->
NewIcode = contract_to_icode(Code, aeso_icode:set_namespace(Con, Icode)),
code(Rest, NewIcode);
code([{namespace, _Ann, Name, Code}|Rest], Icode) ->
%% TODO: nested namespaces
NewIcode = contract_to_icode(Code, aeso_icode:set_namespace(Name, Icode)),
code(Rest, NewIcode);
code([], Icode) ->
add_default_init_function(add_builtins(Icode)).
%% Generate error on correct format.
gen_error(Error) ->
error({code_errors, [Error]}).
%% Create default init function (only if state is unit).
add_default_init_function(Icode = #{functions := Funs, state_type := State}) ->
{_, _, QInit} = aeso_icode:qualify({id, [], "init"}, Icode),
case lists:keymember(QInit, 1, Funs) of
true -> Icode;
false when State /= {tuple, []} ->
gen_error(missing_init_function);
false ->
Type = {tuple, [typerep, {tuple, []}]},
Value = #tuple{ cpts = [type_value({tuple, []}), {tuple, []}] },
DefaultInit = {QInit, [], [], Value, Type},
Icode#{ functions => [DefaultInit | Funs] }
end.
-spec contract_to_icode(aeso_syntax:ast(), aeso_icode:icode()) ->
aeso_icode:icode().
contract_to_icode([{namespace, _, Name, Defs} | Rest], Icode) ->
NS = aeso_icode:get_namespace(Icode),
Icode1 = contract_to_icode(Defs, aeso_icode:enter_namespace(Name, Icode)),
contract_to_icode(Rest, aeso_icode:set_namespace(NS, Icode1));
contract_to_icode([{type_def, _Attrib, Id = {id, _, Name}, Args, Def} | Rest],
Icode = #{ types := Types, constructors := Constructors }) ->
TypeDef = make_type_def(Args, Def, Icode),
NewConstructors =
case Def of
{variant_t, Cons} ->
Tags = lists:seq(0, length(Cons) - 1),
GetName = fun({constr_t, _, C, _}) -> C end,
QName = fun(Con) -> {_, _, Xs} = aeso_icode:qualify(GetName(Con), Icode), Xs end,
maps:from_list([ {QName(Con), Tag} || {Tag, Con} <- lists:zip(Tags, Cons) ]);
_ -> #{}
end,
{_, _, TName} = aeso_icode:qualify(Id, Icode),
Icode1 = Icode#{ types := Types#{ TName => TypeDef },
constructors := maps:merge(Constructors, NewConstructors) },
Icode2 = case Name of
"state" when Args == [] -> Icode1#{ state_type => ast_typerep(Def, Icode) };
"state" -> gen_error(state_type_cannot_be_parameterized);
"event" when Args == [] -> Icode1#{ event_type => Def };
"event" -> gen_error(event_type_cannot_be_parameterized);
_ -> Icode1
end,
contract_to_icode(Rest, Icode2);
contract_to_icode([{letfun, Attrib, Name, Args, _What, Body={typed,_,_,T}}|Rest], Icode) ->
FunAttrs = [ stateful || proplists:get_value(stateful, Attrib, false) ] ++
[ private || is_private(Attrib, Icode) ],
%% TODO: Handle types
FunName = ast_id(Name),
%% TODO: push funname to env
FunArgs = ast_args(Args, [], Icode),
%% TODO: push args to env
{FunBody, TypeRep} =
case FunName of
"init" ->
%% Pair the initial state with a typerep for the state (TODO: until we have the state type in some contract metadata)
#{ state_type := StateType } = Icode,
{#tuple{ cpts = [type_value(StateType), ast_body(Body, Icode)] },
{tuple, [typerep, ast_typerep(T, Icode)]}};
_ -> {ast_body(Body, Icode), ast_typerep(T, Icode)}
end,
QName = aeso_icode:qualify(Name, Icode),
NewIcode = ast_fun_to_icode(ast_id(QName), FunAttrs, FunArgs, FunBody, TypeRep, Icode),
contract_to_icode(Rest, NewIcode);
contract_to_icode([{letrec,_,Defs}|Rest], Icode) ->
%% OBS! This code ignores the letrec structure of the source,
%% because the back end treats ALL declarations as recursive! We
%% need to decide whether to (a) modify the back end to respect
%% the letrec structure, or (b) (preferably) modify the front end
%% just to parse a list of (mutually recursive) definitions.
contract_to_icode(Defs++Rest, Icode);
contract_to_icode([], Icode) -> Icode;
contract_to_icode([{fun_decl, _, _, _} | Code], Icode) ->
contract_to_icode(Code, Icode);
contract_to_icode([Decl | Code], Icode) ->
io:format("Unhandled declaration: ~p\n", [Decl]),
contract_to_icode(Code, Icode).
ast_id({id, _, Id}) -> Id;
ast_id({qid, _, Id}) -> Id.
ast_args([{arg, _, Name, Type}|Rest], Acc, Icode) ->
ast_args(Rest, [{ast_id(Name), ast_type(Type, Icode)}| Acc], Icode);
ast_args([], Acc, _Icode) -> lists:reverse(Acc).
ast_type(T, Icode) ->
ast_typerep(T, Icode).
-define(id_app(Fun, Args, ArgTypes, OutType),
{app, _, {typed, _, {id, _, Fun}, {fun_t, _, _, ArgTypes, OutType}}, Args}).
-define(qid_app(Fun, Args, ArgTypes, OutType),
{app, _, {typed, _, {qid, _, Fun}, {fun_t, _, _, ArgTypes, OutType}}, Args}).
-define(oracle_t(Q, R), {app_t, _, {id, _, "oracle"}, [Q, R]}).
-define(query_t(Q, R), {app_t, _, {id, _, "oracle_query"}, [Q, R]}).
-define(option_t(A), {app_t, _, {id, _, "option"}, [A]}).
-define(map_t(K, V), {app_t, _, {id, _, "map"}, [K, V]}).
ast_body(?qid_app(["Chain","spend"], [To, Amount], _, _), Icode) ->
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_SPEND, ast_body(Amount, Icode), [ast_body(To, Icode)], [word], {tuple, []});
ast_body(?qid_app([Con, "Chain", "event"], [Event], _, _), Icode = #{ contract_name := Con }) ->
aeso_builtins:check_event_type(Icode),
builtin_call({event, maps:get(event_type, Icode)}, [ast_body(Event, Icode)]);
%% Chain environment
ast_body(?qid_app(["Chain", "balance"], [Address], _, _), Icode) ->
#prim_balance{ address = ast_body(Address, Icode) };
ast_body(?qid_app(["Chain", "block_hash"], [Height], _, _), Icode) ->
#prim_block_hash{ height = ast_body(Height, Icode) };
ast_body(?qid_app(["Call", "gas_left"], [], _, _), _Icode) ->
prim_gas_left;
ast_body({qid, _, ["Contract", "address"]}, _Icode) -> prim_contract_address;
ast_body({qid, _, ["Contract", "balance"]}, _Icode) -> #prim_balance{ address = prim_contract_address };
ast_body({qid, _, ["Call", "origin"]}, _Icode) -> prim_call_origin;
ast_body({qid, _, ["Call", "caller"]}, _Icode) -> prim_caller;
ast_body({qid, _, ["Call", "value"]}, _Icode) -> prim_call_value;
ast_body({qid, _, ["Call", "gas_price"]}, _Icode) -> prim_gas_price;
ast_body({qid, _, ["Chain", "coinbase"]}, _Icode) -> prim_coinbase;
ast_body({qid, _, ["Chain", "timestamp"]}, _Icode) -> prim_timestamp;
ast_body({qid, _, ["Chain", "block_height"]}, _Icode) -> prim_block_height;
ast_body({qid, _, ["Chain", "difficulty"]}, _Icode) -> prim_difficulty;
ast_body({qid, _, ["Chain", "gas_limit"]}, _Icode) -> prim_gas_limit;
%% TODO: eta expand!
ast_body({qid, _, ["Chain", "balance"]}, _Icode) ->
gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'Chain.balance'});
ast_body({qid, _, ["Chain", "block_hash"]}, _Icode) ->
gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'Chain.block_hash'});
ast_body({qid, _, ["Chain", "spend"]}, _Icode) ->
gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'Chain.spend'});
%% State
ast_body({qid, _, [Con, "state"]}, #{ contract_name := Con }) -> prim_state;
ast_body(?qid_app([Con, "put"], [NewState], _, _), Icode = #{ contract_name := Con }) ->
#prim_put{ state = ast_body(NewState, Icode) };
ast_body({qid, _, [Con, "put"]}, #{ contract_name := Con }) ->
gen_error({underapplied_primitive, put}); %% TODO: eta
%% Abort
ast_body(?id_app("abort", [String], _, _), Icode) ->
#funcall{ function = #var_ref{ name = {builtin, abort} },
args = [ast_body(String, Icode)] };
%% Authentication
ast_body({qid, _, ["Auth", "tx_hash"]}, _Icode) ->
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_AUTH_TX_HASH, #integer{value = 0},
[], [], aeso_icode:option_typerep(word));
%% Oracles
ast_body(?qid_app(["Oracle", "register"], Args, _, ?oracle_t(QType, RType)), Icode) ->
{Sign, [Acct, QFee, TTL]} = get_signature_arg(Args),
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_ORACLE_REGISTER, #integer{value = 0},
[ast_body(Acct, Icode), ast_body(Sign, Icode), ast_body(QFee, Icode), ast_body(TTL, Icode),
ast_type_value(QType, Icode), ast_type_value(RType, Icode)],
[word, sign_t(), word, ttl_t(Icode), typerep, typerep], word);
ast_body(?qid_app(["Oracle", "query_fee"], [Oracle], _, _), Icode) ->
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_ORACLE_QUERY_FEE, #integer{value = 0},
[ast_body(Oracle, Icode)], [word], word);
ast_body(?qid_app(["Oracle", "query"], [Oracle, Q, QFee, QTTL, RTTL], [_, QType, _, _, _], _), Icode) ->
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_ORACLE_QUERY, ast_body(QFee, Icode),
[ast_body(Oracle, Icode), ast_body(Q, Icode), ast_body(QTTL, Icode), ast_body(RTTL, Icode)],
[word, ast_type(QType, Icode), ttl_t(Icode), ttl_t(Icode)], word);
ast_body(?qid_app(["Oracle", "extend"], Args, _, _), Icode) ->
{Sign, [Oracle, TTL]} = get_signature_arg(Args),
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_ORACLE_EXTEND, #integer{value = 0},
[ast_body(Oracle, Icode), ast_body(Sign, Icode), ast_body(TTL, Icode)],
[word, sign_t(), ttl_t(Icode)], {tuple, []});
ast_body(?qid_app(["Oracle", "respond"], Args, [_, _, RType], _), Icode) ->
{Sign, [Oracle, Query, R]} = get_signature_arg(Args),
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_ORACLE_RESPOND, #integer{value = 0},
[ast_body(Oracle, Icode), ast_body(Query, Icode), ast_body(Sign, Icode), ast_body(R, Icode)],
[word, word, sign_t(), ast_type(RType, Icode)], {tuple, []});
ast_body(?qid_app(["Oracle", "get_question"], [Oracle, Q], [_, ?query_t(QType, _)], _), Icode) ->
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_ORACLE_GET_QUESTION, #integer{value = 0},
[ast_body(Oracle, Icode), ast_body(Q, Icode)], [word, word], ast_type(QType, Icode));
ast_body(?qid_app(["Oracle", "get_answer"], [Oracle, Q], [_, ?query_t(_, RType)], _), Icode) ->
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_ORACLE_GET_ANSWER, #integer{value = 0},
[ast_body(Oracle, Icode), ast_body(Q, Icode)], [word, word], aeso_icode:option_typerep(ast_type(RType, Icode)));
ast_body({qid, _, ["Oracle", "register"]}, _Icode) -> gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'Oracle.register'});
ast_body({qid, _, ["Oracle", "query"]}, _Icode) -> gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'Oracle.query'});
ast_body({qid, _, ["Oracle", "extend"]}, _Icode) -> gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'Oracle.extend'});
ast_body({qid, _, ["Oracle", "respond"]}, _Icode) -> gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'Oracle.respond'});
ast_body({qid, _, ["Oracle", "query_fee"]}, _Icode) -> gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'Oracle.query_fee'});
ast_body({qid, _, ["Oracle", "get_answer"]}, _Icode) -> gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'Oracle.get_answer'});
ast_body({qid, _, ["Oracle", "get_question"]}, _Icode) -> gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'Oracle.get_question'});
%% Name service
ast_body(?qid_app(["AENS", "resolve"], [Name, Key], _, ?option_t(Type)), Icode) ->
case is_monomorphic(Type) of
true ->
case ast_type(Type, Icode) of
T when T == word; T == string -> ok;
_ -> gen_error({invalid_result_type, 'AENS.resolve', Type})
end,
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_AENS_RESOLVE, #integer{value = 0},
[ast_body(Name, Icode), ast_body(Key, Icode), ast_type_value(Type, Icode)],
[string, string, typerep], aeso_icode:option_typerep(ast_type(Type, Icode)));
false ->
gen_error({unresolved_result_type, 'AENS.resolve', Type})
end;
ast_body(?qid_app(["AENS", "preclaim"], Args, _, _), Icode) ->
{Sign, [Addr, CHash]} = get_signature_arg(Args),
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_AENS_PRECLAIM, #integer{value = 0},
[ast_body(Addr, Icode), ast_body(CHash, Icode), ast_body(Sign, Icode)],
[word, word, sign_t()], {tuple, []});
ast_body(?qid_app(["AENS", "claim"], Args, _, _), Icode) ->
{Sign, [Addr, Name, Salt]} = get_signature_arg(Args),
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_AENS_CLAIM, #integer{value = 0},
[ast_body(Addr, Icode), ast_body(Name, Icode), ast_body(Salt, Icode), ast_body(Sign, Icode)],
[word, string, word, sign_t()], {tuple, []});
ast_body(?qid_app(["AENS", "transfer"], Args, _, _), Icode) ->
{Sign, [FromAddr, ToAddr, NameHash]} = get_signature_arg(Args),
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_AENS_TRANSFER, #integer{value = 0},
[ast_body(FromAddr, Icode), ast_body(ToAddr, Icode), ast_body(NameHash, Icode), ast_body(Sign, Icode)],
[word, word, word, sign_t()], {tuple, []});
ast_body(?qid_app(["AENS", "revoke"], Args, _, _), Icode) ->
{Sign, [Addr, NameHash]} = get_signature_arg(Args),
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_AENS_REVOKE, #integer{value = 0},
[ast_body(Addr, Icode), ast_body(NameHash, Icode), ast_body(Sign, Icode)],
[word, word, sign_t()], {tuple, []});
ast_body({qid, _, ["AENS", "resolve"]}, _Icode) -> gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'AENS.resolve'});
ast_body({qid, _, ["AENS", "preclaim"]}, _Icode) -> gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'AENS.preclaim'});
ast_body({qid, _, ["AENS", "claim"]}, _Icode) -> gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'AENS.claim'});
ast_body({qid, _, ["AENS", "transfer"]}, _Icode) -> gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'AENS.transfer'});
ast_body({qid, _, ["AENS", "revoke"]}, _Icode) -> gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'AENS.revoke'});
%% Maps
%% -- map lookup m[k]
ast_body({map_get, _, Map, Key}, Icode) ->
{_, ValType} = check_monomorphic_map(Map, Icode),
Fun = {map_get, ast_typerep(ValType, Icode)},
builtin_call(Fun, [ast_body(Map, Icode), ast_body(Key, Icode)]);
%% -- map lookup_default m[k = v]
ast_body({map_get, _, Map, Key, Val}, Icode) ->
{_, ValType} = check_monomorphic_map(Map, Icode),
Fun = {map_lookup_default, ast_typerep(ValType, Icode)},
builtin_call(Fun, [ast_body(Map, Icode), ast_body(Key, Icode), ast_body(Val, Icode)]);
%% -- lookup functions
ast_body(?qid_app(["Map", "lookup"], [Key, Map], _, _), Icode) ->
map_get(Key, Map, Icode);
ast_body(?qid_app(["Map", "lookup_default"], [Key, Map, Val], _, _), Icode) ->
{_, ValType} = check_monomorphic_map(Map, Icode),
Fun = {map_lookup_default, ast_typerep(ValType, Icode)},
builtin_call(Fun, [ast_body(Map, Icode), ast_body(Key, Icode), ast_body(Val, Icode)]);
ast_body(?qid_app(["Map", "member"], [Key, Map], _, _), Icode) ->
builtin_call(map_member, [ast_body(Map, Icode), ast_body(Key, Icode)]);
ast_body(?qid_app(["Map", "size"], [Map], _, _), Icode) ->
builtin_call(map_size, [ast_body(Map, Icode)]);
ast_body(?qid_app(["Map", "delete"], [Key, Map], _, _), Icode) ->
map_del(Key, Map, Icode);
%% -- map conversion to/from list
ast_body(App = ?qid_app(["Map", "from_list"], [List], _, MapType), Icode) ->
Ann = aeso_syntax:get_ann(App),
{KeyType, ValType} = check_monomorphic_map(Ann, MapType, Icode),
builtin_call(map_from_list, [ast_body(List, Icode), map_empty(KeyType, ValType, Icode)]);
ast_body(?qid_app(["Map", "to_list"], [Map], _, _), Icode) ->
map_tolist(Map, Icode);
ast_body({qid, _, ["Map", "from_list"]}, _Icode) -> gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'Map.from_list'});
%% ast_body({qid, _, ["Map", "to_list"]}, _Icode) -> gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'Map.to_list'});
ast_body({qid, _, ["Map", "lookup"]}, _Icode) -> gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'Map.lookup'});
ast_body({qid, _, ["Map", "lookup_default"]}, _Icode) -> gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'Map.lookup_default'});
ast_body({qid, _, ["Map", "member"]}, _Icode) -> gen_error({underapplied_primitive, 'Map.member'});
%% -- map construction { k1 = v1, k2 = v2 }
ast_body({typed, Ann, {map, _, KVs}, MapType}, Icode) ->
{KeyType, ValType} = check_monomorphic_map(Ann, MapType, Icode),
lists:foldr(fun({K, V}, Map) ->
builtin_call(map_put, [Map, ast_body(K, Icode), ast_body(V, Icode)])
end, map_empty(KeyType, ValType, Icode), KVs);
%% -- map update m { [k] = v } or m { [k] @ x = f(x) } or m { [k = v] @ x = f(x) }
ast_body({map, _, Map, []}, Icode) -> ast_body(Map, Icode);
ast_body({map, _, Map, [Upd]}, Icode) ->
case Upd of
{field, _, [{map_get, _, Key}], Val} ->
map_put(Key, Val, Map, Icode);
{field_upd, _, [{map_get, _, Key}], ValFun} ->
map_upd(Key, ValFun, Map, Icode);
{field_upd, _, [{map_get, _, Key, Val}], ValFun} ->
map_upd(Key, Val, ValFun, Map, Icode)
end;
ast_body({map, Ann, Map, [Upd | Upds]}, Icode) ->
ast_body({map, Ann, {map, Ann, Map, [Upd]}, Upds}, Icode);
%% Crypto
ast_body(?qid_app(["Crypto", "ecverify"], [Msg, PK, Sig], _, _), Icode) ->
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_CRYPTO_ECVERIFY, #integer{value = 0},
[ast_body(Msg, Icode), ast_body(PK, Icode), ast_body(Sig, Icode)],
[word, word, sign_t()], word);
ast_body(?qid_app(["Crypto", "ecverify_secp256k1"], [Msg, PK, Sig], _, _), Icode) ->
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_CRYPTO_ECVERIFY_SECP256K1, #integer{value = 0},
[ast_body(Msg, Icode), ast_body(PK, Icode), ast_body(Sig, Icode)],
[bytes_t(32), bytes_t(64), bytes_t(64)], word);
ast_body(?qid_app(["Crypto", "sha3"], [Term], [Type], _), Icode) ->
generic_hash_primop(?PRIM_CALL_CRYPTO_SHA3, Term, Type, Icode);
ast_body(?qid_app(["Crypto", "sha256"], [Term], [Type], _), Icode) ->
generic_hash_primop(?PRIM_CALL_CRYPTO_SHA256, Term, Type, Icode);
ast_body(?qid_app(["Crypto", "blake2b"], [Term], [Type], _), Icode) ->
generic_hash_primop(?PRIM_CALL_CRYPTO_BLAKE2B, Term, Type, Icode);
ast_body(?qid_app(["String", "sha256"], [String], _, _), Icode) ->
string_hash_primop(?PRIM_CALL_CRYPTO_SHA256_STRING, String, Icode);
ast_body(?qid_app(["String", "blake2b"], [String], _, _), Icode) ->
string_hash_primop(?PRIM_CALL_CRYPTO_BLAKE2B_STRING, String, Icode);
%% Strings
%% -- String length
ast_body(?qid_app(["String", "length"], [String], _, _), Icode) ->
#funcall{ function = #var_ref{ name = {builtin, string_length} },
args = [ast_body(String, Icode)] };
%% -- String concat
ast_body(?qid_app(["String", "concat"], [String1, String2], _, _), Icode) ->
#funcall{ function = #var_ref{ name = {builtin, string_concat} },
args = [ast_body(String1, Icode), ast_body(String2, Icode)] };
%% -- String hash (sha3)
ast_body(?qid_app(["String", "sha3"], [String], _, _), Icode) ->
#unop{ op = 'sha3', rand = ast_body(String, Icode) };
%% -- Bits
ast_body(?qid_app(["Bits", Fun], Args, _, _), Icode)
when Fun == "test"; Fun == "set"; Fun == "clear";
Fun == "union"; Fun == "intersection"; Fun == "difference" ->
C = fun(N) when is_integer(N) -> #integer{ value = N };
(X) -> X end,
Bin = fun(O) -> fun(A, B) -> #binop{ op = O, left = C(A), right = C(B) } end end,
And = Bin('band'),
Or = Bin('bor'),
Bsl = fun(A, B) -> (Bin('bsl'))(B, A) end, %% flipped arguments
Bsr = fun(A, B) -> (Bin('bsr'))(B, A) end,
Neg = fun(A) -> #unop{ op = 'bnot', rand = C(A) } end,
case [Fun | [ ast_body(Arg, Icode) || Arg <- Args ]] of
["test", Bits, Ix] -> And(Bsr(Bits, Ix), 1);
["set", Bits, Ix] -> Or(Bits, Bsl(1, Ix));
["clear", Bits, Ix] -> And(Bits, Neg(Bsl(1, Ix)));
["union", A, B] -> Or(A, B);
["intersection", A, B] -> And(A, B);
["difference", A, B] -> And(A, Neg(And(A, B)))
end;
ast_body({qid, _, ["Bits", "none"]}, _Icode) ->
#integer{ value = 0 };
ast_body({qid, _, ["Bits", "all"]}, _Icode) ->
#integer{ value = 1 bsl 256 - 1 };
ast_body(?qid_app(["Bits", "sum"], [Bits], _, _), Icode) ->
builtin_call(popcount, [ast_body(Bits, Icode), #integer{ value = 0 }]);
%% -- Conversion
ast_body(?qid_app(["Int", "to_str"], [Int], _, _), Icode) ->
builtin_call(int_to_str, [ast_body(Int, Icode)]);
ast_body(?qid_app(["Address", "to_str"], [Addr], _, _), Icode) ->
builtin_call(addr_to_str, [ast_body(Addr, Icode)]);
%% Other terms
ast_body({id, _, Name}, _Icode) ->
#var_ref{name = Name};
ast_body({qid, _, Name}, _Icode) ->
#var_ref{name = Name};
ast_body({bool, _, Bool}, _Icode) -> %BOOL as ints
Value = if Bool -> 1 ; true -> 0 end,
#integer{value = Value};
ast_body({int, _, Value}, _Icode) ->
#integer{value = Value};
ast_body({bytes, _, Bin}, _Icode) ->
case aeb_memory:binary_to_words(Bin) of
[Word] -> #integer{value = Word};
Words -> #tuple{cpts = [#integer{value = W} || W <- Words]}
end;
ast_body({Key, _, Bin}, _Icode) when Key == account_pubkey;
Key == contract_pubkey;
Key == oracle_pubkey;
Key == oracle_query_id ->
<<Value:32/unit:8>> = Bin,
#integer{value = Value};
ast_body({string,_,Bin}, _Icode) ->
Cpts = [size(Bin) | aeb_memory:binary_to_words(Bin)],
#tuple{cpts = [#integer{value=X} || X <- Cpts]};
ast_body({tuple,_,Args}, Icode) ->
#tuple{cpts = [ast_body(A, Icode) || A <- Args]};
ast_body({list,_,Args}, Icode) ->
#list{elems = [ast_body(A, Icode) || A <- Args]};
%% Typed contract calls
ast_body({proj, _, {typed, _, Addr, {con, _, _}}, {id, _, "address"}}, Icode) ->
ast_body(Addr, Icode); %% Values of contract types _are_ addresses.
ast_body({app, _, {typed, _, {proj, _, {typed, _, Addr, {con, _, Contract}}, {id, _, FunName}},
{fun_t, _, NamedT, ArgsT, OutT}}, Args0}, Icode) ->
NamedArgs = [Arg || Arg = {named_arg, _, _, _} <- Args0],
Args = Args0 -- NamedArgs,
ArgOpts = [ {Name, ast_body(Value, Icode)} || {named_arg, _, {id, _, Name}, Value} <- NamedArgs ],
Defaults = [ {Name, ast_body(Default, Icode)} || {named_arg_t, _, {id, _, Name}, _, Default} <- NamedT ],
%% TODO: eta expand
length(Args) /= length(ArgsT) andalso
gen_error({underapplied_contract_call,
string:join([Contract, FunName], ".")}),
ArgsI = [ ast_body(Arg, Icode) || Arg <- Args ],
ArgType = ast_typerep({tuple_t, [], ArgsT}),
Gas = proplists:get_value("gas", ArgOpts ++ Defaults),
Value = proplists:get_value("value", ArgOpts ++ Defaults),
OutType = ast_typerep(OutT, Icode),
<<TypeHash:256>> = aeb_abi:function_type_hash(list_to_binary(FunName), ArgType, OutType),
%% The function is represented by its type hash (which includes the name)
Fun = #integer{value = TypeHash},
#prim_call_contract{
address = ast_body(Addr, Icode),
gas = Gas,
value = Value,
arg = #tuple{cpts = [Fun, #tuple{ cpts = ArgsI }]},
%% The type check is implicitly done by using the type hash as the
%% entrypoint on the callee side.
type_hash= #integer{value = 0}
};
ast_body({proj, _, {typed, _, _, {con, _, Contract}}, {id, _, FunName}}, _Icode) ->
gen_error({underapplied_contract_call,
string:join([Contract, FunName], ".")});
ast_body({con, _, Name}, Icode) ->
Tag = aeso_icode:get_constructor_tag([Name], Icode),
#tuple{cpts = [#integer{value = Tag}]};
ast_body({qcon, _, Name}, Icode) ->
Tag = aeso_icode:get_constructor_tag(Name, Icode),
#tuple{cpts = [#integer{value = Tag}]};
ast_body({app, _, {typed, _, {con, _, Name}, _}, Args}, Icode) ->
Tag = aeso_icode:get_constructor_tag([Name], Icode),
#tuple{cpts = [#integer{value = Tag} | [ ast_body(Arg, Icode) || Arg <- Args ]]};
ast_body({app, _, {typed, _, {qcon, _, Name}, _}, Args}, Icode) ->
Tag = aeso_icode:get_constructor_tag(Name, Icode),
#tuple{cpts = [#integer{value = Tag} | [ ast_body(Arg, Icode) || Arg <- Args ]]};
ast_body({app,As,Fun,Args}, Icode) ->
case aeso_syntax:get_ann(format, As) of
infix ->
{Op, _} = Fun,
[A, B] = Args,
ast_binop(Op, As, A, B, Icode);
prefix ->
{Op, _} = Fun,
[A] = Args,
#unop{op = Op, rand = ast_body(A, Icode)};
_ ->
#funcall{function=ast_body(Fun, Icode),
args=[ast_body(A, Icode) || A <- Args]}
end;
ast_body({'if',_,Dec,Then,Else}, Icode) ->
#ifte{decision = ast_body(Dec, Icode)
,then = ast_body(Then, Icode)
,else = ast_body(Else, Icode)};
ast_body({switch,_,A,Cases}, Icode) ->
%% let's assume the parser has already ensured that only valid
%% patterns appear in cases.
#switch{expr=ast_body(A, Icode),
cases=[{ast_body(Pat, Icode),ast_body(Body, Icode)}
|| {'case',_,Pat,Body} <- Cases]};
ast_body({block,As,[{letval,_,Pat,_,E}|Rest]}, Icode) ->
#switch{expr=ast_body(E, Icode),
cases=[{ast_body(Pat, Icode),ast_body({block,As,Rest}, Icode)}]};
ast_body({block,_,[]}, _Icode) ->
#tuple{cpts=[]};
ast_body({block,_,[E]}, Icode) ->
ast_body(E, Icode);
ast_body({block,As,[E|Rest]}, Icode) ->
#switch{expr=ast_body(E, Icode),
cases=[{#var_ref{name="_"},ast_body({block,As,Rest}, Icode)}]};
ast_body({lam,_,Args,Body}, Icode) ->
#lambda{args=[#arg{name = ast_id(P), type = ast_type(T, Icode)} || {arg,_,P,T} <- Args],
body=ast_body(Body, Icode)};
ast_body({typed,_,{record,Attrs,Fields},{record_t,DefFields}}, Icode) ->
%% Compile as a tuple with the fields in the order they appear in the definition.
NamedField = fun({field, _, [{proj, _, {id, _, Name}}], E}) -> {Name, E} end,
NamedFields = lists:map(NamedField, Fields),
#tuple{cpts =
[case proplists:get_value(Name, NamedFields) of
undefined ->
Line = aeso_syntax:get_ann(line, Attrs),
#missing_field{format = "Missing field in record: ~s (on line ~p)\n",
args = [Name,Line]};
E ->
ast_body(E, Icode)
end
|| {field_t,_,{id,_,Name},_} <- DefFields]};
ast_body({typed,_,{record,Attrs,_Fields},T}, _Icode) ->
gen_error({record_has_bad_type,Attrs,T});
ast_body({proj,_,{typed,_,Record,{record_t,Fields}},{id,_,FieldName}}, Icode) ->
[Index] = [I
|| {I,{field_t,_,{id,_,Name},_}} <-
lists:zip(lists:seq(1,length(Fields)),Fields),
Name==FieldName],
#binop{op = '!', left = #integer{value = 32*(Index-1)}, right = ast_body(Record, Icode)};
ast_body({record, Attrs, {typed, _, Record, RecType={record_t, Fields}}, Update}, Icode) ->
UpdatedName = fun({field, _, [{proj, _, {id, _, Name}}], _}) -> Name;
({field_upd, _, [{proj, _, {id, _, Name}}], _}) -> Name
end,
UpdatedNames = lists:map(UpdatedName, Update),
Rec = {typed, Attrs, {id, Attrs, "_record"}, RecType},
CompileUpdate =
fun(Fld={field, _, _, _}) -> Fld;
({field_upd, Ann, LV=[{proj, Ann1, P}], Fun}) ->
{field, Ann, LV, {app, Ann, Fun, [{proj, Ann1, Rec, P}]}}
end,
#switch{expr=ast_body(Record, Icode),
cases=[{#var_ref{name = "_record"},
ast_body({typed, Attrs,
{record, Attrs,
lists:map(CompileUpdate, Update) ++
[{field, Attrs, [{proj, Attrs, {id, Attrs, Name}}],
{proj, Attrs, Rec, {id, Attrs, Name}}}
|| {field_t, _, {id, _, Name}, _} <- Fields,
not lists:member(Name, UpdatedNames)]},
RecType}, Icode)}
]};
ast_body({typed, _, Body, _}, Icode) ->
ast_body(Body, Icode).
ast_binop(Op, Ann, {typed, _, A, Type}, B, Icode)
when Op == '=='; Op == '!=';
Op == '<'; Op == '>';
Op == '<='; Op == '=<'; Op == '>=' ->
Monomorphic = is_monomorphic(Type),
case ast_typerep(Type, Icode) of
_ when not Monomorphic ->
gen_error({cant_compare_polymorphic_type, Ann, Op, Type});
word -> #binop{op = Op, left = ast_body(A, Icode), right = ast_body(B, Icode)};
string ->
Neg = case Op of
'==' -> fun(X) -> X end;
'!=' -> fun(X) -> #unop{ op = '!', rand = X } end;
_ -> gen_error({cant_compare, Ann, Op, Type})
end,
Neg(#funcall{ function = #var_ref{name = {builtin, str_equal}},
args = [ast_body(A, Icode), ast_body(B, Icode)] });
_ -> gen_error({cant_compare, Ann, Op, Type})
end;
ast_binop('++', _, A, B, Icode) ->
#funcall{ function = #var_ref{ name = {builtin, list_concat} },
args = [ast_body(A, Icode), ast_body(B, Icode)] };
ast_binop(Op, _, A, B, Icode) ->
#binop{op = Op, left = ast_body(A, Icode), right = ast_body(B, Icode)}.
check_monomorphic_map({typed, Ann, _, MapType}, Icode) ->
check_monomorphic_map(Ann, MapType, Icode).
check_monomorphic_map(Ann, Type = ?map_t(KeyType, ValType), Icode) ->
case is_monomorphic(KeyType) of
true ->
case has_maps(ast_type(KeyType, Icode)) of
false -> {KeyType, ValType};
true -> gen_error({cant_use_map_as_map_keys, Ann, Type})
end;
false -> gen_error({cant_compile_map_with_polymorphic_keys, Ann, Type})
end.
map_empty(KeyType, ValType, Icode) ->
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_MAP_EMPTY, #integer{value = 0},
[ast_type_value(KeyType, Icode),
ast_type_value(ValType, Icode)],
[typerep, typerep], word).
map_get(Key, Map = {typed, Ann, _, MapType}, Icode) ->
{_KeyType, ValType} = check_monomorphic_map(Ann, MapType, Icode),
builtin_call({map_lookup, ast_type(ValType, Icode)}, [ast_body(Map, Icode), ast_body(Key, Icode)]).
map_put(Key, Val, Map, Icode) ->
builtin_call(map_put, [ast_body(Map, Icode), ast_body(Key, Icode), ast_body(Val, Icode)]).
map_del(Key, Map, Icode) ->
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_MAP_DELETE, #integer{value = 0},
[ast_body(Map, Icode), ast_body(Key, Icode)],
[word, word], word).
map_tolist(Map, Icode) ->
{KeyType, ValType} = check_monomorphic_map(Map, Icode),
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_MAP_TOLIST, #integer{value = 0},
[ast_body(Map, Icode)],
[word], {list, {tuple, [ast_type(KeyType, Icode), ast_type(ValType, Icode)]}}).
map_upd(Key, ValFun, Map = {typed, Ann, _, MapType}, Icode) ->
{_, ValType} = check_monomorphic_map(Ann, MapType, Icode),
FunName = {map_upd, ast_type(ValType, Icode)},
Args = [ast_body(Map, Icode), ast_body(Key, Icode), ast_body(ValFun, Icode)],
builtin_call(FunName, Args).
map_upd(Key, Default, ValFun, Map = {typed, Ann, _, MapType}, Icode) ->
{_, ValType} = check_monomorphic_map(Ann, MapType, Icode),
FunName = {map_upd_default, ast_type(ValType, Icode)},
Args = [ast_body(Map, Icode), ast_body(Key, Icode), ast_body(Default, Icode), ast_body(ValFun, Icode)],
builtin_call(FunName, Args).
is_monomorphic({tvar, _, _}) -> false;
is_monomorphic([H|T]) ->
is_monomorphic(H) andalso is_monomorphic(T);
is_monomorphic(T) when is_tuple(T) ->
is_monomorphic(tuple_to_list(T));
is_monomorphic(_) -> true.
%% Implemented as a contract call to the contract with address 0.
prim_call(Prim, Amount, Args, ArgTypes, OutType) ->
TypeHash =
case aeb_primops:op_needs_type_check(Prim) of
true ->
PrimBin = binary:encode_unsigned(Prim),
ArgType = {tuple, ArgTypes},
<<TH:256>> = aeb_abi:function_type_hash(PrimBin, ArgType, OutType),
TH;
false ->
0
end,
#prim_call_contract{ gas = prim_gas_left,
address = #integer{ value = ?PRIM_CALLS_CONTRACT },
value = Amount,
arg = #tuple{cpts = [#integer{ value = Prim }| Args]},
type_hash= #integer{value = TypeHash}
}.
generic_hash_primop(PrimOp, Term, Type, Icode) ->
ArgType = ast_type(Type, Icode),
TypeValue = type_value(ArgType),
prim_call(PrimOp, #integer{value = 0},
[TypeValue, ast_body(Term, Icode)],
[typerep, ArgType], word).
string_hash_primop(PrimOp, String, Icode) ->
prim_call(PrimOp, #integer{value = 0}, [ast_body(String, Icode)], [string], word).
make_type_def(Args, Def, Icode = #{ type_vars := TypeEnv }) ->
TVars = [ X || {tvar, _, X} <- Args ],
fun(Types) ->
TypeEnv1 = maps:from_list(lists:zip(TVars, Types)),
ast_typerep(Def, Icode#{ type_vars := maps:merge(TypeEnv, TypeEnv1) })
end.
-spec ast_typerep(aeso_syntax:type()) -> aeb_aevm_data:type().
ast_typerep(Type) -> ast_typerep(Type, aeso_icode:new([])).
ast_typerep({id, _, Name}, Icode) ->
lookup_type_id(Name, [], Icode);
ast_typerep({qid, _, Name}, Icode) ->
lookup_type_id(Name, [], Icode);
ast_typerep({con, _, _}, _) ->
word; %% Contract type
ast_typerep({bytes_t, _, Len}, _) ->
{bytes, Len};
ast_typerep({app_t, _, {id, _, Name}, Args}, Icode) ->
ArgReps = [ ast_typerep(Arg, Icode) || Arg <- Args ],
lookup_type_id(Name, ArgReps, Icode);
ast_typerep({tvar,_,A}, #{ type_vars := TypeVars }) ->
case maps:get(A, TypeVars, undefined) of
undefined -> word; %% We serialize type variables just as addresses in the originating VM.
Type -> Type
end;
ast_typerep({tuple_t,_,Cpts}, Icode) ->
{tuple, [ast_typerep(C, Icode) || C<-Cpts]};
ast_typerep({record_t,Fields}, Icode) ->
{tuple, [ begin
{field_t, _, _, T} = Field,
ast_typerep(T, Icode)
end || Field <- Fields]};
ast_typerep({fun_t,_,_,_,_}, _Icode) ->
function;
ast_typerep({alias_t, T}, Icode) -> ast_typerep(T, Icode);
ast_typerep({variant_t, Cons}, Icode) ->
{variant, [ begin
{constr_t, _, _, Args} = Con,
[ ast_typerep(Arg, Icode) || Arg <- Args ]
end || Con <- Cons ]}.
ttl_t(Icode) ->
ast_typerep({qid, [], ["Chain", "ttl"]}, Icode).
sign_t() -> bytes_t(64).
bytes_t(Len) -> {bytes, Len}.
get_signature_arg(Args0) ->
NamedArgs = [Arg || Arg = {named_arg, _, _, _} <- Args0],
Args = Args0 -- NamedArgs,
DefaultVal = {tuple, [], [{int, [], 0}, {int, [], 0}]},
Sig =
case NamedArgs of
[] -> DefaultVal;
[{named_arg, _, _, Val}] -> Val
end,
{Sig, Args}.
lookup_type_id(Name, Args, #{ types := Types }) ->
case maps:get(Name, Types, undefined) of
undefined -> gen_error({undefined_type, Name});
TDef -> TDef(Args)
end.
ast_type_value(T, Icode) ->
type_value(ast_type(T, Icode)).
type_value(word) ->
#tuple{ cpts = [#integer{ value = ?TYPEREP_WORD_TAG }] };
type_value(string) ->
#tuple{ cpts = [#integer{ value = ?TYPEREP_STRING_TAG }] };
type_value(typerep) ->
#tuple{ cpts = [#integer{ value = ?TYPEREP_TYPEREP_TAG }] };
type_value({list, A}) ->
#tuple{ cpts = [#integer{ value = ?TYPEREP_LIST_TAG }, type_value(A)] };
type_value({tuple, As}) ->
#tuple{ cpts = [#integer{ value = ?TYPEREP_TUPLE_TAG },
#list{ elems = [ type_value(A) || A <- As ] }] };
type_value({bytes, Len}) ->
#tuple{ cpts = [#integer{ value = ?TYPEREP_BYTES_TAG }, #integer{ value = Len }] };
type_value({variant, Cs}) ->
#tuple{ cpts = [#integer{ value = ?TYPEREP_VARIANT_TAG },
#list{ elems = [ #list{ elems = [ type_value(A) || A <- As ] } || As <- Cs ] }] };
type_value({map, K, V}) ->
#tuple{ cpts = [#integer{ value = ?TYPEREP_MAP_TAG },
type_value(K), type_value(V)] }.
%% As abort is a built-in in the future it will be illegal to for
%% users to define abort. For the time being strip away all user
%% defined abort functions.
ast_fun_to_icode("abort", _Atts, _Args, _Body, _TypeRep, Icode) ->
%% Strip away all user defined abort functions.
Icode;
ast_fun_to_icode(Name, Attrs, Args, Body, TypeRep, #{functions := Funs} = Icode) ->
NewFuns = [{Name, Attrs, Args, Body, TypeRep}| Funs],
aeso_icode:set_functions(NewFuns, Icode).
has_maps({map, _, _}) -> true;
has_maps(word) -> false;
has_maps(string) -> false;
has_maps(typerep) -> false;
has_maps({list, T}) -> has_maps(T);
has_maps({tuple, Ts}) -> lists:any(fun has_maps/1, Ts);
has_maps({variant, Cs}) -> lists:any(fun has_maps/1, lists:append(Cs)).
%% A function is private if marked 'private' or 'internal', or if it's not
%% defined in the main contract name space. (NOTE: changes when we introduce
%% inheritance).
is_private(Ann, #{ contract_name := MainContract } = Icode) ->
{_, _, CurrentNamespace} = aeso_icode:get_namespace(Icode),
proplists:get_value(private, Ann, false) orelse
proplists:get_value(internal, Ann, false) orelse
MainContract /= CurrentNamespace.
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Builtins
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------
builtin_call(Builtin, Args) ->
#funcall{ function = #var_ref{ name = {builtin, Builtin} },
args = Args }.
add_builtins(Icode = #{functions := Funs}) ->
Builtins = aeso_builtins:used_builtins(Funs),
Icode#{functions := [ aeso_builtins:builtin_function(B) || B <- Builtins ] ++ Funs}.
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Deadcode elimination
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------
deadcode_elimination(Icode = #{ functions := Funs }) ->
PublicNames = [ Name || {Name, Ann, _, _, _} <- Funs, not lists:member(private, Ann) ],
ArgsToPat = fun(Args) -> [ #var_ref{ name = X } || {X, _} <- Args ] end,
Defs = maps:from_list([ {Name, {binder, ArgsToPat(Args), Body}} || {Name, _, Args, Body, _} <- Funs ]),
UsedNames = chase_names(Defs, PublicNames, #{}),
UsedFuns = [ Def || Def = {Name, _, _, _, _} <- Funs, maps:is_key(Name, UsedNames) ],
Icode#{ functions := UsedFuns }.
chase_names(_Defs, [], Used) -> Used;
chase_names(Defs, [X | Xs], Used) ->
%% can happen when compiling __call contracts
case maps:is_key(X, Used) orelse not maps:is_key(X, Defs) of
true -> chase_names(Defs, Xs, Used); %% already chased
false ->
Def = maps:get(X, Defs),
Vars = maps:keys(free_vars(Def)),
chase_names(Defs, Vars ++ Xs, Used#{ X => true })
end.
free_vars(#var_ref{ name = X }) -> #{ X => true };
free_vars(#arg{ name = X }) -> #{ X => true };
free_vars({binder, Pat, Body}) ->
maps:without(maps:keys(free_vars(Pat)), free_vars(Body));
free_vars(#switch{ expr = E, cases = Cases }) ->
free_vars([E | [{binder, P, B} || {P, B} <- Cases]]);
free_vars(#lambda{ args = Xs, body = E }) ->
free_vars({binder, Xs, E});
free_vars(T) when is_tuple(T) -> free_vars(tuple_to_list(T));
free_vars([H | T]) -> maps:merge(free_vars(H), free_vars(T));
free_vars(_) -> #{}.
+500
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,500 @@
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% @copyright (C) 2018, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc
%%% Compiler builtin functions for Aeterinty Sophia language.
%%% @end
%%% Created : 20 Dec 2018
%%%
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
-module(aeso_builtins).
-export([ builtin_function/1
, check_event_type/1
, used_builtins/1 ]).
-import(aeso_ast_to_icode, [prim_call/5]).
-include_lib("aebytecode/include/aeb_opcodes.hrl").
-include("aeso_icode.hrl").
used_builtins(#funcall{ function = #var_ref{ name = {builtin, Builtin} }, args = Args }) ->
lists:umerge(dep_closure([Builtin]), used_builtins(Args));
used_builtins([H|T]) ->
lists:umerge(used_builtins(H), used_builtins(T));
used_builtins(T) when is_tuple(T) ->
used_builtins(tuple_to_list(T));
used_builtins(M) when is_map(M) ->
used_builtins(maps:to_list(M));
used_builtins(_) -> [].
builtin_deps(Builtin) ->
lists:usort(builtin_deps1(Builtin)).
builtin_deps1({map_lookup_default, Type}) -> [{map_lookup, Type}];
builtin_deps1({map_get, Type}) -> [{map_lookup, Type}];
builtin_deps1(map_member) -> [{map_lookup, word}];
builtin_deps1({map_upd, Type}) -> [{map_get, Type}, map_put];
builtin_deps1({map_upd_default, Type}) -> [{map_lookup_default, Type}, map_put];
builtin_deps1(map_from_list) -> [map_put];
builtin_deps1(str_equal) -> [str_equal_p];
builtin_deps1(string_concat) -> [string_concat_inner1, string_copy, string_shift_copy];
builtin_deps1(int_to_str) -> [{baseX_int, 10}];
builtin_deps1(addr_to_str) -> [{baseX_int, 58}];
builtin_deps1({baseX_int, X}) -> [{baseX_int_pad, X}];
builtin_deps1({baseX_int_pad, X}) -> [{baseX_int_encode, X}];
builtin_deps1({baseX_int_encode, X}) -> [{baseX_int_encode_, X}, {baseX_tab, X}, {baseX_digits, X}];
builtin_deps1(string_reverse) -> [string_reverse_];
builtin_deps1(_) -> [].
dep_closure(Deps) ->
case lists:umerge(lists:map(fun builtin_deps/1, Deps)) of
[] -> Deps;
Deps1 -> lists:umerge(Deps, dep_closure(Deps1))
end.
%% Helper functions/macros
v(X) when is_atom(X) -> v(atom_to_list(X));
v(X) when is_list(X) -> #var_ref{name = X}.
option_none() -> {tuple, [{integer, 0}]}.
option_some(X) -> {tuple, [{integer, 1}, X]}.
-define(call(Fun, Args), #funcall{ function = #var_ref{ name = {builtin, Fun} }, args = Args }).
-define(I(X), {integer, X}).
-define(V(X), v(X)).
-define(A(Op), aeb_opcodes:mnemonic(Op)).
-define(LET(Var, Expr, Body), {switch, Expr, [{v(Var), Body}]}).
-define(DEREF(Var, Ptr, Body), {switch, v(Ptr), [{{tuple, [v(Var)]}, Body}]}).
-define(NXT(Ptr), op('+', Ptr, 32)).
-define(NEG(A), op('/', A, {unop, '-', {integer, 1}})).
-define(BYTE(Ix, Word), op('byte', Ix, Word)).
-define(EQ(A, B), op('==', A, B)).
-define(LT(A, B), op('<', A, B)).
-define(GT(A, B), op('>', A, B)).
-define(ADD(A, B), op('+', A, B)).
-define(SUB(A, B), op('-', A, B)).
-define(MUL(A, B), op('*', A, B)).
-define(DIV(A, B), op('div', A, B)).
-define(MOD(A, B), op('mod', A, B)).
-define(EXP(A, B), op('^', A, B)).
-define(AND(A, B), op('&&', A, B)).
%% Bit shift operations takes their arguments backwards!?
-define(BSL(X, B), op('bsl', ?MUL(B, 8), X)).
-define(BSR(X, B), op('bsr', ?MUL(B, 8), X)).
op(Op, A, B) -> {binop, Op, operand(A), operand(B)}.
operand(A) when is_atom(A) -> v(A);
operand(I) when is_integer(I) -> {integer, I};
operand(T) -> T.
str_to_icode(String) when is_list(String) ->
str_to_icode(list_to_binary(String));
str_to_icode(BinStr) ->
Cpts = [size(BinStr) | aeb_memory:binary_to_words(BinStr)],
#tuple{ cpts = [ #integer{value = X} || X <- Cpts ] }.
check_event_type(Icode) ->
case maps:get(event_type, Icode) of
{variant_t, Cons} ->
check_event_type(Cons, Icode);
_ ->
error({event_should_be_variant_type})
end.
check_event_type(Evts, Icode) ->
[ check_event_type(Name, Ix, T, Icode)
|| {constr_t, Ann, {con, _, Name}, Types} <- Evts,
{Ix, T} <- lists:zip(aeso_syntax:get_ann(indices, Ann), Types) ].
check_event_type(EvtName, Ix, Type, Icode) ->
VMType =
try
aeso_ast_to_icode:ast_typerep(Type, Icode)
catch _:_ ->
error({EvtName, could_not_resolve_type, Type})
end,
case {Ix, VMType} of
{indexed, word} -> ok;
{notindexed, string} -> ok;
{indexed, _} -> error({EvtName, indexed_field_should_be_word, is, VMType});
{notindexed, _} -> error({EvtName, payload_should_be_string, is, VMType})
end.
bfun(B, {IArgs, IExpr, IRet}) ->
{{builtin, B}, [private], IArgs, IExpr, IRet}.
builtin_function(BF) ->
case BF of
{event, EventT} -> bfun(BF, builtin_event(EventT));
abort -> bfun(BF, builtin_abort());
{map_lookup, Type} -> bfun(BF, builtin_map_lookup(Type));
map_put -> bfun(BF, builtin_map_put());
map_delete -> bfun(BF, builtin_map_delete());
map_size -> bfun(BF, builtin_map_size());
{map_get, Type} -> bfun(BF, builtin_map_get(Type));
{map_lookup_default, Type} -> bfun(BF, builtin_map_lookup_default(Type));
map_member -> bfun(BF, builtin_map_member());
{map_upd, Type} -> bfun(BF, builtin_map_upd(Type));
{map_upd_default, Type} -> bfun(BF, builtin_map_upd_default(Type));
map_from_list -> bfun(BF, builtin_map_from_list());
list_concat -> bfun(BF, builtin_list_concat());
string_length -> bfun(BF, builtin_string_length());
string_concat -> bfun(BF, builtin_string_concat());
string_concat_inner1 -> bfun(BF, builtin_string_concat_inner1());
string_copy -> bfun(BF, builtin_string_copy());
string_shift_copy -> bfun(BF, builtin_string_shift_copy());
str_equal_p -> bfun(BF, builtin_str_equal_p());
str_equal -> bfun(BF, builtin_str_equal());
popcount -> bfun(BF, builtin_popcount());
int_to_str -> bfun(BF, builtin_int_to_str());
addr_to_str -> bfun(BF, builtin_addr_to_str());
{baseX_int, X} -> bfun(BF, builtin_baseX_int(X));
{baseX_digits, X} -> bfun(BF, builtin_baseX_digits(X));
{baseX_tab, X} -> bfun(BF, builtin_baseX_tab(X));
{baseX_int_pad, X} -> bfun(BF, builtin_baseX_int_pad(X));
{baseX_int_encode, X} -> bfun(BF, builtin_baseX_int_encode(X));
{baseX_int_encode_, X} -> bfun(BF, builtin_baseX_int_encode_(X));
string_reverse -> bfun(BF, builtin_string_reverse());
string_reverse_ -> bfun(BF, builtin_string_reverse_())
end.
%% Event primitive (dependent on Event type)
%%
%% We need to switch on the event and prepare the correct #event for icode_to_asm
%% NOTE: we assume all errors are already checked!
builtin_event(EventT) ->
A = fun(X) -> aeb_opcodes:mnemonic(X) end,
VIx = fun(Ix) -> v(lists:concat(["v", Ix])) end,
ArgPats = fun(Ts) -> [ VIx(Ix) || Ix <- lists:seq(0, length(Ts) - 1) ] end,
Payload = %% Should put data ptr, length on stack.
fun([]) -> {inline_asm, [A(?PUSH1), 0, A(?PUSH1), 0]};
([V]) -> {seq, [V, {inline_asm, [A(?DUP1), A(?MLOAD), %% length, ptr
A(?SWAP1), A(?PUSH1), 32, A(?ADD)]}]} %% ptr+32, length
end,
Clause =
fun(_Tag, {con, _, Con}, IxTypes) ->
Types = [ T || {_Ix, T} <- IxTypes ],
Indexed = [ Var || {Var, {indexed, _Type}} <- lists:zip(ArgPats(Types), IxTypes) ],
EvtIndex = {unop, 'sha3', str_to_icode(Con)},
{event, lists:reverse(Indexed) ++ [EvtIndex], Payload(ArgPats(Types) -- Indexed)}
end,
Pat = fun(Tag, Types) -> {tuple, [{integer, Tag} | ArgPats(Types)]} end,
{variant_t, Cons} = EventT,
Tags = lists:seq(0, length(Cons) - 1),
{[{"e", event}],
{switch, v(e),
[{Pat(Tag, Types), Clause(Tag, Con, lists:zip(aeso_syntax:get_ann(indices, Ann), Types))}
|| {Tag, {constr_t, Ann, Con, Types}} <- lists:zip(Tags, Cons) ]},
{tuple, []}}.
%% Abort primitive.
builtin_abort() ->
A = fun(X) -> aeb_opcodes:mnemonic(X) end,
{[{"s", string}],
{inline_asm, [A(?PUSH1),0, %% Push a dummy 0 for the first arg
A(?REVERT)]}, %% Stack: 0,Ptr
{tuple,[]}}.
%% Map primitives
builtin_map_lookup(Type) ->
Ret = aeso_icode:option_typerep(Type),
{[{"m", word}, {"k", word}],
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_MAP_GET, #integer{value = 0},
[#var_ref{name = "m"}, #var_ref{name = "k"}],
[word, word], Ret),
Ret}.
builtin_map_put() ->
%% We don't need the types for put.
{[{"m", word}, {"k", word}, {"v", word}],
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_MAP_PUT, #integer{value = 0},
[v(m), v(k), v(v)], [word, word, word], word),
word}.
builtin_map_delete() ->
{[{"m", word}, {"k", word}],
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_MAP_DELETE, #integer{value = 0},
[v(m), v(k)], [word, word], word),
word}.
builtin_map_size() ->
{[{"m", word}],
prim_call(?PRIM_CALL_MAP_SIZE, #integer{value = 0},
[v(m)], [word], word),
word}.
%% Map builtins
builtin_map_get(Type) ->
%% function map_get(m, k) =
%% switch(map_lookup(m, k))
%% Some(v) => v
{[{"m", word}, {"k", word}],
{switch, ?call({map_lookup, Type}, [v(m), v(k)]), [{option_some(v(v)), v(v)}]},
Type}.
builtin_map_lookup_default(Type) ->
%% function map_lookup_default(m, k, default) =
%% switch(map_lookup(m, k))
%% None => default
%% Some(v) => v
{[{"m", word}, {"k", word}, {"default", Type}],
{switch, ?call({map_lookup, Type}, [v(m), v(k)]),
[{option_none(), v(default)},
{option_some(v(v)), v(v)}]},
Type}.
builtin_map_member() ->
%% function map_member(m, k) : bool =
%% switch(Map.lookup(m, k))
%% None => false
%% _ => true
{[{"m", word}, {"k", word}],
{switch, ?call({map_lookup, word}, [v(m), v(k)]),
[{option_none(), {integer, 0}},
{{var_ref, "_"}, {integer, 1}}]},
word}.
builtin_map_upd(Type) ->
%% function map_upd(map, key, fun) =
%% map_put(map, key, fun(map_get(map, key)))
{[{"map", word}, {"key", word}, {"valfun", word}],
?call(map_put,
[v(map), v(key),
#funcall{ function = v(valfun),
args = [?call({map_get, Type}, [v(map), v(key)])] }]),
word}.
builtin_map_upd_default(Type) ->
%% function map_upd(map, key, val, fun) =
%% map_put(map, key, fun(map_lookup_default(map, key, val)))
{[{"map", word}, {"key", word}, {"val", word}, {"valfun", word}],
?call(map_put,
[v(map), v(key),
#funcall{ function = v(valfun),
args = [?call({map_lookup_default, Type}, [v(map), v(key), v(val)])] }]),
word}.
builtin_map_from_list() ->
%% function map_from_list(xs, acc) =
%% switch(xs)
%% [] => acc
%% (k, v) :: xs => map_from_list(xs, acc { [k] = v })
{[{"xs", {list, {tuple, [word, word]}}}, {"acc", word}],
{switch, v(xs),
[{{list, []}, v(acc)},
{{binop, '::', {tuple, [v(k), v(v)]}, v(ys)},
?call(map_from_list,
[v(ys), ?call(map_put, [v(acc), v(k), v(v)])])}]},
word}.
%% list_concat
%%
%% Concatenates two lists.
builtin_list_concat() ->
{[{"l1", {list, word}}, {"l2", {list, word}}],
{switch, v(l1),
[{{list, []}, v(l2)},
{{binop, '::', v(hd), v(tl)},
{binop, '::', v(hd), ?call(list_concat, [v(tl), v(l2)])}}
]
},
word}.
builtin_string_length() ->
%% function length(str) =
%% switch(str)
%% {n} -> n // (ab)use the representation
{[{"s", string}],
?DEREF(n, s, ?V(n)),
word}.
%% str_concat - concatenate two strings
%%
%% Unless the second string is the empty string, a new string is created at the
%% top of the Heap and the address to it is returned. The tricky bit is when
%% the words from the second string has to be shifted to fit next to the first
%% string.
builtin_string_concat() ->
{[{"s1", string}, {"s2", string}],
?DEREF(n1, s1,
?DEREF(n2, s2,
{ifte, ?EQ(n1, 0),
?V(s2), %% First string is empty return second string
{ifte, ?EQ(n2, 0),
?V(s1), %% Second string is empty return first string
?LET(ret, {inline_asm, [?A(?MSIZE)]},
{seq, [?ADD(n1, n2), {inline_asm, [?A(?MSIZE), ?A(?MSTORE)]}, %% Store total len
?call(string_concat_inner1, [?V(n1), ?NXT(s1), ?V(n2), ?NXT(s2)]),
{inline_asm, [?A(?POP)]}, %% Discard fun ret val
?V(ret) %% Put the actual return value
]})}
}
)),
word}.
builtin_string_concat_inner1() ->
%% Copy all whole words from the first string, and set up for word fusion
%% Special case when the length of the first string is divisible by 32.
{[{"n1", word}, {"p1", pointer}, {"n2", word}, {"p2", pointer}],
?LET(w1, ?call(string_copy, [?V(n1), ?V(p1)]),
?LET(nx, ?MOD(n1, 32),
{ifte, ?EQ(nx, 0),
?LET(w2, ?call(string_copy, [?V(n2), ?V(p2)]),
{seq, [?V(w2), {inline_asm, [?A(?MSIZE), ?A(?MSTORE), ?A(?MSIZE)]}]}),
?call(string_shift_copy, [?V(nx), ?V(w1), ?V(n2), ?V(p2)])
})),
word}.
builtin_string_copy() ->
{[{"n", word}, {"p", pointer}],
?DEREF(w, p,
{ifte, ?GT(n, 31),
{seq, [?V(w), {inline_asm, [?A(?MSIZE), ?A(?MSTORE)]},
?call(string_copy, [?SUB(n, 32), ?NXT(p)])]},
?V(w)
}),
word}.
builtin_string_shift_copy() ->
{[{"off", word}, {"dst", word}, {"n", word}, {"p", pointer}],
?DEREF(w, p,
{seq, [?ADD(dst, ?BSR(w, off)), {inline_asm, [?A(?MSIZE), ?A(?MSTORE)]},
{ifte, ?GT(n, ?SUB(32, off)),
?call(string_shift_copy, [?V(off), ?BSL(w, ?SUB(32, off)), ?SUB(n, 32), ?NXT(p)]),
{inline_asm, [?A(?MSIZE)]}}]
}),
word}.
builtin_str_equal_p() ->
%% function str_equal_p(n, p1, p2) =
%% if(n =< 0) true
%% else
%% let w1 = *p1
%% let w2 = *p2
%% w1 == w2 && str_equal_p(n - 32, p1 + 32, p2 + 32)
{[{"n", word}, {"p1", pointer}, {"p2", pointer}],
{ifte, ?LT(n, 1),
?I(1),
?DEREF(w1, p1,
?DEREF(w2, p2,
?AND(?EQ(w1, w2),
?call(str_equal_p, [?SUB(n, 32), ?NXT(p1), ?NXT(p2)]))))},
word}.
builtin_str_equal() ->
%% function str_equal(s1, s2) =
%% let n1 = length(s1)
%% let n2 = length(s2)
%% n1 == n2 && str_equal_p(n1, s1 + 32, s2 + 32)
{[{"s1", string}, {"s2", string}],
?DEREF(n1, s1,
?DEREF(n2, s2,
?AND(?EQ(n1, n2), ?call(str_equal_p, [?V(n1), ?NXT(s1), ?NXT(s2)]))
)),
word}.
%% Count the number of 1s in a bit field.
builtin_popcount() ->
%% function popcount(bits, acc) =
%% if (bits == 0) acc
%% else popcount(bits bsr 1, acc + bits band 1)
{[{"bits", word}, {"acc", word}],
{ifte, ?EQ(bits, 0),
?V(acc),
?call(popcount, [op('bsr', 1, bits), ?ADD(acc, op('band', bits, 1))])
}, word}.
builtin_int_to_str() ->
{[{"i", word}], ?call({baseX_int, 10}, [?V(i)]), word}.
builtin_baseX_tab(_X = 10) ->
{[{"ix", word}], ?ADD($0, ix), word};
builtin_baseX_tab(_X = 58) ->
<<Fst32:256>> = <<"123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXY">>,
<<Lst26:256>> = <<"Zabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz", 0:48>>,
{[{"ix", word}],
{ifte, ?LT(ix, 32),
?BYTE(ix, Fst32),
?BYTE(?SUB(ix, 32), Lst26)
},
word}.
builtin_baseX_int(X) ->
{[{"w", word}],
?LET(ret, {inline_asm, [?A(?MSIZE)]},
{seq, [?call({baseX_int_pad, X}, [?V(w), ?I(0), ?I(0)]), {inline_asm, [?A(?POP)]}, ?V(ret)]}),
word}.
builtin_baseX_int_pad(X = 10) ->
{[{"src", word}, {"ix", word}, {"dst", word}],
{ifte, ?LT(src, 0),
?call({baseX_int_encode, X}, [?NEG(src), ?I(1), ?BSL($-, 31)]),
?call({baseX_int_encode, X}, [?V(src), ?V(ix), ?V(dst)])},
word};
builtin_baseX_int_pad(X = 58) ->
{[{"src", word}, {"ix", word}, {"dst", word}],
{ifte, ?GT(?ADD(?DIV(ix, 31), ?BYTE(ix, src)), 0),
?call({baseX_int_encode, X}, [?V(src), ?V(ix), ?V(dst)]),
?call({baseX_int_pad, X}, [?V(src), ?ADD(ix, 1), ?ADD(dst, ?BSL($1, ?SUB(31, ix)))])},
word}.
builtin_baseX_int_encode(X) ->
{[{"src", word}, {"ix", word}, {"dst", word}],
?LET(n, ?call({baseX_digits, X}, [?V(src), ?I(0)]),
{seq, [?ADD(n, ?ADD(ix, 1)), {inline_asm, [?A(?MSIZE), ?A(?MSTORE)]},
?call({baseX_int_encode_, X}, [?V(src), ?V(dst), ?EXP(X, n), ?V(ix)])]}),
word}.
builtin_baseX_int_encode_(X) ->
{[{"src", word}, {"dst", word}, {"fac", word}, {"ix", word}],
{ifte, ?EQ(fac, 0),
{seq, [?V(dst), {inline_asm, [?A(?MSIZE), ?A(?MSTORE), ?A(?MSIZE)]}]},
{ifte, ?EQ(ix, 32),
%% We've filled a word, write it and start on new word
{seq, [?V(dst), {inline_asm, [?A(?MSIZE), ?A(?MSTORE)]},
?call({baseX_int_encode_, X}, [?V(src), ?I(0), ?V(fac), ?I(0)])]},
?call({baseX_int_encode_, X},
[?MOD(src, fac), ?ADD(dst, ?BSL(?call({baseX_tab, X}, [?DIV(src, fac)]), ?SUB(31, ix))),
?DIV(fac, X), ?ADD(ix, 1)])}
},
word}.
builtin_baseX_digits(X) ->
{[{"x0", word}, {"dgts", word}],
?LET(x1, ?DIV(x0, X),
{ifte, ?EQ(x1, 0), ?V(dgts), ?call({baseX_digits, X}, [?V(x1), ?ADD(dgts, 1)])}),
word}.
builtin_string_reverse() ->
{[{"s", string}],
?DEREF(n, s,
?LET(ret, {inline_asm, [?A(?MSIZE)]},
{seq, [?V(n), {inline_asm, [?A(?MSIZE), ?A(?MSTORE)]},
?call(string_reverse_, [?NXT(s), ?I(0), ?I(31), ?SUB(?V(n), 1)]),
{inline_asm, [?A(?POP)]}, ?V(ret)]})),
word}.
builtin_string_reverse_() ->
{[{"p", pointer}, {"x", word}, {"i1", word}, {"i2", word}],
{ifte, ?LT(i2, 0),
{seq, [?V(x), {inline_asm, [?A(?MSIZE), ?A(?MSTORE), ?A(?MSIZE)]}]},
?LET(p1, ?ADD(p, ?MUL(?DIV(i2, 32), 32)),
?DEREF(w, p1,
?LET(b, ?BYTE(?MOD(i2, 32), w),
{ifte, ?LT(i1, 0),
{seq, [?V(x), {inline_asm, [?A(?MSIZE), ?A(?MSTORE)]},
?call(string_reverse_,
[?V(p), ?BSL(b, 31), ?I(30), ?SUB(i2, 1)])]},
?call(string_reverse_,
[?V(p), ?ADD(x, ?BSL(b, i1)), ?SUB(i1, 1), ?SUB(i2, 1)])})))},
word}.
builtin_addr_to_str() ->
{[{"a", word}], ?call({baseX_int, 58}, [?V(a)]), word}.
+523
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,523 @@
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% @author Happi (Erik Stenman)
%%% @copyright (C) 2017, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc
%%% Compiler from Aeterinty Sophia language to the Aeternity VM, aevm.
%%% @end
%%% Created : 12 Dec 2017
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
-module(aeso_compiler).
-export([ file/1
, file/2
, from_string/2
, check_call/4
, create_calldata/3
, version/0
, sophia_type_to_typerep/1
, to_sophia_value/4
, to_sophia_value/5
, decode_calldata/3
]).
-include_lib("aebytecode/include/aeb_opcodes.hrl").
-include("aeso_icode.hrl").
-type option() :: pp_sophia_code
| pp_ast
| pp_types
| pp_typed_ast
| pp_icode
| pp_assembler
| pp_bytecode
| {include, {file_system, [string()]} |
{explicit_files, #{string() => binary()}}}
| {src_file, string()}.
-type options() :: [option()].
-export_type([ option/0
, options/0
]).
-spec version() -> {ok, binary()} | {error, term()}.
version() ->
case lists:keyfind(aesophia, 1, application:loaded_applications()) of
false ->
case application:load(aesophia) of
ok ->
case application:get_key(aesophia, vsn) of
{ok, VsnString} ->
{ok, list_to_binary(VsnString)};
undefined ->
{error, failed_to_load_aesophia}
end;
Err = {error, _} ->
Err
end;
{_App, _Des, VsnString} ->
{ok, list_to_binary(VsnString)}
end.
-spec file(string()) -> {ok, map()} | {error, binary()}.
file(Filename) ->
Dir = filename:dirname(Filename),
{ok, Cwd} = file:get_cwd(),
file(Filename, [{include, {file_system, [Cwd, Dir]}}]).
-spec file(string(), options()) -> {ok, map()} | {error, binary()}.
file(File, Options) ->
case read_contract(File) of
{ok, Bin} -> from_string(Bin, [{src_file, File} | Options]);
{error, Error} ->
ErrorString = [File,": ",file:format_error(Error)],
{error, join_errors("File errors", [ErrorString], fun(E) -> E end)}
end.
-spec from_string(binary() | string(), options()) -> {ok, map()} | {error, binary()}.
from_string(ContractBin, Options) when is_binary(ContractBin) ->
from_string(binary_to_list(ContractBin), Options);
from_string(ContractString, Options) ->
try
#{icode := Icode} = string_to_icode(ContractString, Options),
TypeInfo = extract_type_info(Icode),
Assembler = assemble(Icode, Options),
pp_assembler(Assembler, Options),
ByteCodeList = to_bytecode(Assembler, Options),
ByteCode = << << B:8 >> || B <- ByteCodeList >>,
pp_bytecode(ByteCode, Options),
{ok, Version} = version(),
{ok, #{byte_code => ByteCode,
compiler_version => Version,
contract_source => ContractString,
type_info => TypeInfo
}}
catch
%% The compiler errors.
error:{parse_errors, Errors} ->
{error, join_errors("Parse errors", Errors, fun(E) -> E end)};
error:{type_errors, Errors} ->
{error, join_errors("Type errors", Errors, fun(E) -> E end)};
error:{code_errors, Errors} ->
{error, join_errors("Code errors", Errors,
fun (E) -> io_lib:format("~p", [E]) end)}
%% General programming errors in the compiler just signal error.
end.
-spec string_to_icode(string(), [option()]) -> map().
string_to_icode(ContractString, Options) ->
Ast = parse(ContractString, Options),
pp_sophia_code(Ast, Options),
pp_ast(Ast, Options),
{TypeEnv, TypedAst} = aeso_ast_infer_types:infer(Ast, [return_env]),
pp_typed_ast(TypedAst, Options),
Icode = ast_to_icode(TypedAst, Options),
pp_icode(Icode, Options),
#{ typed_ast => TypedAst,
type_env => TypeEnv,
icode => Icode }.
join_errors(Prefix, Errors, Pfun) ->
Ess = [ Pfun(E) || E <- Errors ],
list_to_binary(string:join([Prefix|Ess], "\n")).
-define(CALL_NAME, "__call").
-define(DECODE_NAME, "__decode").
%% Takes a string containing a contract with a declaration/prototype of a
%% function (foo, say) and adds function __call() = foo(args) calling this
%% function. Returns the name of the called functions, typereps and Erlang
%% terms for the arguments.
%% NOTE: Special treatment for "init" since it might be implicit and has
%% a special return type (typerep, T)
-spec check_call(string(), string(), [string()], options()) -> {ok, string(), {[Type], Type}, [term()]} | {error, term()}
when Type :: term().
check_call(Source, "init" = FunName, Args, Options) ->
PatchFun = fun(T) -> {tuple, [typerep, T]} end,
case check_call(Source, FunName, Args, Options, PatchFun) of
Err = {error, _} when Args == [] ->
%% Try with default init-function
case check_call(insert_init_function(Source, Options), FunName, Args, Options, PatchFun) of
{error, _} -> Err; %% The first error is most likely better...
Res -> Res
end;
Res ->
Res
end;
check_call(Source, FunName, Args, Options) ->
PatchFun = fun(T) -> T end,
check_call(Source, FunName, Args, Options, PatchFun).
check_call(ContractString0, FunName, Args, Options, PatchFun) ->
try
%% First check the contract without the __call function
#{} = string_to_icode(ContractString0, Options),
ContractString = insert_call_function(ContractString0, FunName, Args, Options),
#{typed_ast := TypedAst,
icode := Icode} = string_to_icode(ContractString, Options),
{ok, {FunName, {fun_t, _, _, ArgTypes, RetType}}} = get_call_type(TypedAst),
ArgVMTypes = [ aeso_ast_to_icode:ast_typerep(T, Icode) || T <- ArgTypes ],
RetVMType = case RetType of
{id, _, "_"} -> any;
_ -> aeso_ast_to_icode:ast_typerep(RetType, Icode)
end,
#{ functions := Funs } = Icode,
ArgIcode = get_arg_icode(Funs),
ArgTerms = [ icode_to_term(T, Arg) ||
{T, Arg} <- lists:zip(ArgVMTypes, ArgIcode) ],
{ok, FunName, {ArgVMTypes, PatchFun(RetVMType)}, ArgTerms}
catch
error:{parse_errors, Errors} ->
{error, join_errors("Parse errors", Errors, fun (E) -> E end)};
error:{type_errors, Errors} ->
{error, join_errors("Type errors", Errors, fun (E) -> E end)};
error:{badmatch, {error, missing_call_function}} ->
{error, join_errors("Type errors", ["missing __call function"],
fun (E) -> E end)};
throw:Error -> %Don't ask
{error, join_errors("Code errors", [Error],
fun (E) -> io_lib:format("~p", [E]) end)}
end.
%% Add the __call function to a contract.
-spec insert_call_function(string(), string(), [string()], options()) -> string().
insert_call_function(Code, FunName, Args, Options) ->
Ast = parse(Code, Options),
Ind = last_contract_indent(Ast),
lists:flatten(
[ Code,
"\n\n",
lists:duplicate(Ind, " "),
"function __call() = ", FunName, "(", string:join(Args, ","), ")\n"
]).
-spec insert_init_function(string(), options()) -> string().
insert_init_function(Code, Options) ->
Ast = parse(Code, Options),
Ind = last_contract_indent(Ast),
lists:flatten(
[ Code,
"\n\n",
lists:duplicate(Ind, " "), "function init() = ()\n"
]).
last_contract_indent(Decls) ->
case lists:last(Decls) of
{_, _, _, [Decl | _]} -> aeso_syntax:get_ann(col, Decl, 1) - 1;
_ -> 0
end.
-spec to_sophia_value(string(), string(), ok | error | revert, aeb_aevm_data:data()) ->
{ok, aeso_syntax:expr()} | {error, term()}.
to_sophia_value(ContractString, Fun, ResType, Data) ->
to_sophia_value(ContractString, Fun, ResType, Data, []).
-spec to_sophia_value(string(), string(), ok | error | revert, binary(), options()) ->
{ok, aeso_syntax:expr()} | {error, term()}.
to_sophia_value(_, _, error, Err, _Options) ->
{ok, {app, [], {id, [], "error"}, [{string, [], Err}]}};
to_sophia_value(_, _, revert, Data, _Options) ->
case aeb_heap:from_binary(string, Data) of
{ok, Err} -> {ok, {app, [], {id, [], "abort"}, [{string, [], Err}]}};
{error, _} = Err -> Err
end;
to_sophia_value(ContractString, FunName, ok, Data, Options) ->
try
#{ typed_ast := TypedAst,
type_env := TypeEnv,
icode := Icode } = string_to_icode(ContractString, Options),
{ok, _, Type0} = get_decode_type(FunName, TypedAst),
Type = aeso_ast_infer_types:unfold_types_in_type(TypeEnv, Type0, [unfold_record_types, unfold_variant_types]),
VmType = aeso_ast_to_icode:ast_typerep(Type, Icode),
case aeb_heap:from_binary(VmType, Data) of
{ok, VmValue} ->
try
{ok, translate_vm_value(VmType, Type, VmValue)}
catch throw:cannot_translate_to_sophia ->
Type0Str = prettypr:format(aeso_pretty:type(Type0)),
{error, join_errors("Translation error", [lists:flatten(io_lib:format("Cannot translate VM value ~p\n of type ~p\n to Sophia type ~s\n",
[Data, VmType, Type0Str]))],
fun (E) -> E end)}
end;
{error, _Err} ->
{error, join_errors("Decode errors", [lists:flatten(io_lib:format("Failed to decode binary at type ~p", [VmType]))],
fun(E) -> E end)}
end
catch
error:{parse_errors, Errors} ->
{error, join_errors("Parse errors", Errors, fun (E) -> E end)};
error:{type_errors, Errors} ->
{error, join_errors("Type errors", Errors, fun (E) -> E end)};
error:{badmatch, {error, missing_function}} ->
{error, join_errors("Type errors", ["no function: '" ++ FunName ++ "'"],
fun (E) -> E end)};
throw:Error -> %Don't ask
{error, join_errors("Code errors", [Error],
fun (E) -> io_lib:format("~p", [E]) end)}
end.
address_literal(Type, N) -> {Type, [], <<N:256>>}.
%% TODO: somewhere else
-spec translate_vm_value(aeb_aevm_data:type(), aeso_syntax:type(), aeb_aevm_data:data()) -> aeso_syntax:expr().
translate_vm_value(word, {id, _, "address"}, N) -> address_literal(account_pubkey, N);
translate_vm_value(word, {app_t, _, {id, _, "oracle"}, _}, N) -> address_literal(oracle_pubkey, N);
translate_vm_value(word, {app_t, _, {id, _, "oracle_query"}, _}, N) -> address_literal(oracle_query_id, N);
translate_vm_value(word, {con, _, _Name}, N) -> address_literal(contract_pubkey, N);
translate_vm_value(word, {id, _, "int"}, N) -> {int, [], N};
translate_vm_value(word, {id, _, "bits"}, N) -> error({todo, bits, N});
translate_vm_value(word, {id, _, "bool"}, N) -> {bool, [], N /= 0};
translate_vm_value({bytes, Len}, {bytes_t, _, Len}, Val) when Len =< 32 ->
{bytes, [], <<Val:Len/unit:8>>};
translate_vm_value({bytes, Len}, {bytes_t, _, Len}, Val) ->
{bytes, [], binary:part(<< <<W:32/unit:8>> || W <- tuple_to_list(Val) >>, 0, Len)};
translate_vm_value(string, {id, _, "string"}, S) -> {string, [], S};
translate_vm_value({list, VmType}, {app_t, _, {id, _, "list"}, [Type]}, List) ->
{list, [], [translate_vm_value(VmType, Type, X) || X <- List]};
translate_vm_value({option, VmType}, {app_t, _, {id, _, "option"}, [Type]}, Val) ->
case Val of
none -> {con, [], "None"};
{some, X} -> {app, [], {con, [], "Some"}, [translate_vm_value(VmType, Type, X)]}
end;
translate_vm_value({variant, [[], [VmType]]}, {app_t, _, {id, _, "option"}, [Type]}, Val) ->
case Val of
{variant, 0, []} -> {con, [], "None"};
{variant, 1, [X]} -> {app, [], {con, [], "Some"}, [translate_vm_value(VmType, Type, X)]}
end;
translate_vm_value({tuple, VmTypes}, {tuple_t, _, Types}, Val)
when length(VmTypes) == length(Types),
length(VmTypes) == tuple_size(Val) ->
{tuple, [], [translate_vm_value(VmType, Type, X)
|| {VmType, Type, X} <- lists:zip3(VmTypes, Types, tuple_to_list(Val))]};
translate_vm_value({tuple, VmTypes}, {record_t, Fields}, Val)
when length(VmTypes) == length(Fields),
length(VmTypes) == tuple_size(Val) ->
{record, [], [ {field, [], [{proj, [], FName}], translate_vm_value(VmType, FType, X)}
|| {VmType, {field_t, _, FName, FType}, X} <- lists:zip3(VmTypes, Fields, tuple_to_list(Val)) ]};
translate_vm_value({map, VmKeyType, VmValType}, {app_t, _, {id, _, "map"}, [KeyType, ValType]}, Map)
when is_map(Map) ->
{map, [], [ {translate_vm_value(VmKeyType, KeyType, Key),
translate_vm_value(VmValType, ValType, Val)}
|| {Key, Val} <- maps:to_list(Map) ]};
translate_vm_value({variant, VmCons}, {variant_t, Cons}, {variant, Tag, Args})
when length(VmCons) == length(Cons),
length(VmCons) > Tag ->
VmTypes = lists:nth(Tag + 1, VmCons),
ConType = lists:nth(Tag + 1, Cons),
translate_vm_value(VmTypes, ConType, Args);
translate_vm_value(VmTypes, {constr_t, _, Con, Types}, Args)
when length(VmTypes) == length(Types),
length(VmTypes) == length(Args) ->
{app, [], Con, [ translate_vm_value(VmType, Type, Arg)
|| {VmType, Type, Arg} <- lists:zip3(VmTypes, Types, Args) ]};
translate_vm_value(_VmType, _Type, _Data) ->
throw(cannot_translate_to_sophia).
-spec create_calldata(string(), string(), [string()]) ->
{ok, binary(), aeb_aevm_data:type(), aeb_aevm_data:type()}
| {error, term()}.
create_calldata(Code, Fun, Args) ->
case check_call(Code, Fun, Args, []) of
{ok, FunName, {ArgTypes, RetType}, VMArgs} ->
aeb_abi:create_calldata(FunName, VMArgs, ArgTypes, RetType);
{error, _} = Err -> Err
end.
-spec decode_calldata(string(), string(), binary()) ->
{ok, [aeso_syntax:type()], [aeso_syntax:expr()]}
| {error, term()}.
decode_calldata(ContractString, FunName, Calldata) ->
try
#{ typed_ast := TypedAst,
type_env := TypeEnv,
icode := Icode } = string_to_icode(ContractString, []),
{ok, Args, _} = get_decode_type(FunName, TypedAst),
DropArg = fun({arg, _, _, T}) -> T; (T) -> T end,
ArgTypes = lists:map(DropArg, Args),
Type0 = {tuple_t, [], ArgTypes},
Type = aeso_ast_infer_types:unfold_types_in_type(TypeEnv, Type0, [unfold_record_types, unfold_variant_types]),
VmType = aeso_ast_to_icode:ast_typerep(Type, Icode),
case aeb_heap:from_binary({tuple, [word, VmType]}, Calldata) of
{ok, {_, VmValue}} ->
try
{tuple, [], Values} = translate_vm_value(VmType, Type, VmValue),
{ok, ArgTypes, Values}
catch throw:cannot_translate_to_sophia ->
Type0Str = prettypr:format(aeso_pretty:type(Type0)),
{error, join_errors("Translation error", [lists:flatten(io_lib:format("Cannot translate VM value ~p\n of type ~p\n to Sophia type ~s\n",
[VmValue, VmType, Type0Str]))],
fun (E) -> E end)}
end;
{error, _Err} ->
{error, join_errors("Decode errors", [lists:flatten(io_lib:format("Failed to decode binary at type ~p", [VmType]))],
fun(E) -> E end)}
end
catch
error:{parse_errors, Errors} ->
{error, join_errors("Parse errors", Errors, fun (E) -> E end)};
error:{type_errors, Errors} ->
{error, join_errors("Type errors", Errors, fun (E) -> E end)};
error:{badmatch, {error, missing_function}} ->
{error, join_errors("Type errors", ["no function: '" ++ FunName ++ "'"],
fun (E) -> E end)};
throw:Error -> %Don't ask
{error, join_errors("Code errors", [Error],
fun (E) -> io_lib:format("~p", [E]) end)}
end.
get_arg_icode(Funs) ->
case [ Args || {[_, ?CALL_NAME], _, _, {funcall, _, Args}, _} <- Funs ] of
[Args] -> Args;
[] -> error({missing_call_function, Funs})
end.
get_call_type([{contract, _, _, Defs}]) ->
case [ {lists:last(QFunName), FunType}
|| {letfun, _, {id, _, ?CALL_NAME}, [], _Ret,
{typed, _,
{app, _,
{typed, _, {qid, _, QFunName}, FunType}, _}, _}} <- Defs ] of
[Call] -> {ok, Call};
[] -> {error, missing_call_function}
end;
get_call_type([_ | Contracts]) ->
%% The __call should be in the final contract
get_call_type(Contracts).
get_decode_type(FunName, [{contract, _, _, Defs}]) ->
GetType = fun({letfun, _, {id, _, Name}, Args, Ret, _}) when Name == FunName -> [{Args, Ret}];
({fun_decl, _, {id, _, Name}, {fun_t, _, _, Args, Ret}}) when Name == FunName -> [{Args, Ret}];
(_) -> [] end,
case lists:flatmap(GetType, Defs) of
[{Args, Ret}] -> {ok, Args, Ret};
[] -> {error, missing_function}
end;
get_decode_type(FunName, [_ | Contracts]) ->
%% The __decode should be in the final contract
get_decode_type(FunName, Contracts).
%% Translate an icode value (error if not value) to an Erlang term that can be
%% consumed by aeb_heap:to_binary().
icode_to_term(word, {integer, N}) -> N;
icode_to_term(string, {tuple, [{integer, Len} | Words]}) ->
<<Str:Len/binary, _/binary>> = << <<W:256>> || {integer, W} <- Words >>,
Str;
icode_to_term({bytes, Len}, {integer, Value}) when Len =< 32 ->
Value;
icode_to_term({bytes, Len}, {tuple, Words}) when Len > 32->
list_to_tuple([W || {integer, W} <- Words]);
icode_to_term({list, T}, {list, Vs}) ->
[ icode_to_term(T, V) || V <- Vs ];
icode_to_term({tuple, Ts}, {tuple, Vs}) ->
list_to_tuple(icodes_to_terms(Ts, Vs));
icode_to_term({variant, Cs}, {tuple, [{integer, Tag} | Args]}) ->
Ts = lists:nth(Tag + 1, Cs),
{variant, Tag, icodes_to_terms(Ts, Args)};
icode_to_term(T = {map, KT, VT}, M) ->
%% Maps are compiled to builtin and primop calls, so this gets a little hairy
case M of
{funcall, {var_ref, {builtin, map_put}}, [M1, K, V]} ->
Map = icode_to_term(T, M1),
Key = icode_to_term(KT, K),
Val = icode_to_term(VT, V),
Map#{ Key => Val };
#prim_call_contract{ address = {integer, 0},
arg = {tuple, [{integer, ?PRIM_CALL_MAP_EMPTY}, _, _]} } ->
#{};
_ -> throw({todo, M})
end;
icode_to_term(typerep, _) ->
throw({todo, typerep});
icode_to_term(T, V) ->
throw({not_a_value, T, V}).
icodes_to_terms(Ts, Vs) ->
[ icode_to_term(T, V) || {T, V} <- lists:zip(Ts, Vs) ].
ast_to_icode(TypedAst, Options) ->
aeso_ast_to_icode:convert_typed(TypedAst, Options).
assemble(Icode, Options) ->
aeso_icode_to_asm:convert(Icode, Options).
to_bytecode(['COMMENT',_|Rest],_Options) ->
to_bytecode(Rest,_Options);
to_bytecode([Op|Rest], Options) ->
[aeb_opcodes:m_to_op(Op)|to_bytecode(Rest, Options)];
to_bytecode([], _) -> [].
extract_type_info(#{functions := Functions} =_Icode) ->
ArgTypesOnly = fun(As) -> [ T || {_, T} <- As ] end,
TypeInfo = [aeb_abi:function_type_info(list_to_binary(lists:last(Name)),
ArgTypesOnly(Args), TypeRep)
|| {Name, Attrs, Args,_Body, TypeRep} <- Functions,
not is_tuple(Name),
not lists:member(private, Attrs)
],
lists:sort(TypeInfo).
pp_sophia_code(C, Opts)-> pp(C, Opts, pp_sophia_code, fun(Code) ->
io:format("~s\n", [prettypr:format(aeso_pretty:decls(Code))])
end).
pp_ast(C, Opts) -> pp(C, Opts, pp_ast, fun aeso_ast:pp/1).
pp_typed_ast(C, Opts)-> pp(C, Opts, pp_typed_ast, fun aeso_ast:pp_typed/1).
pp_icode(C, Opts) -> pp(C, Opts, pp_icode, fun aeso_icode:pp/1).
pp_assembler(C, Opts)-> pp(C, Opts, pp_assembler, fun aeb_asm:pp/1).
pp_bytecode(C, Opts) -> pp(C, Opts, pp_bytecode, fun aeb_disassemble:pp/1).
pp(Code, Options, Option, PPFun) ->
case proplists:lookup(Option, Options) of
{Option, true} ->
PPFun(Code);
none ->
ok
end.
%% -------------------------------------------------------------------
%% TODO: Tempoary parser hook below...
sophia_type_to_typerep(String) ->
{ok, Ast} = aeso_parser:type(String),
try aeso_ast_to_icode:ast_typerep(Ast) of
Type -> {ok, Type}
catch _:_ -> {error, bad_type}
end.
parse(Text, Options) ->
%% Try and return something sensible here!
case aeso_parser:string(Text, Options) of
%% Yay, it worked!
{ok, Contract} -> Contract;
%% Scan errors.
{error, {Pos, scan_error}} ->
parse_error(Pos, "scan error");
{error, {Pos, scan_error_no_state}} ->
parse_error(Pos, "scan error");
%% Parse errors.
{error, {Pos, parse_error, Error}} ->
parse_error(Pos, Error);
{error, {Pos, ambiguous_parse, As}} ->
ErrorString = io_lib:format("Ambiguous ~p", [As]),
parse_error(Pos, ErrorString);
%% Include error
{error, {Pos, include_error, File}} ->
parse_error(Pos, io_lib:format("could not find include file '~s'", [File]))
end.
parse_error(Pos, ErrorString) ->
Error = io_lib:format("~s: ~s", [pos_error(Pos), ErrorString]),
error({parse_errors, [Error]}).
read_contract(Name) ->
file:read_file(Name).
pos_error({Line, Pos}) ->
io_lib:format("line ~p, column ~p", [Line, Pos]);
pos_error({no_file, Line, Pos}) ->
pos_error({Line, Pos});
pos_error({File, Line, Pos}) ->
io_lib:format("file ~s, line ~p, column ~p", [File, Line, Pos]).
+42
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
-module(aeso_constants).
-export([string/1, get_type/1]).
string(Str) ->
case aeso_parser:string("let _ = " ++ Str) of
{ok, [{letval, _, _, _, E}]} -> {ok, E};
{ok, Other} -> error({internal_error, should_be_letval, Other});
Err -> Err
end.
get_type(Str) ->
case aeso_parser:string("let _ = " ++ Str) of
{ok, [Ast]} ->
AstT = aeso_ast_infer_types:infer_constant(Ast),
T = ast_to_type(AstT),
{ok, T};
{ok, Other} -> error({internal_error, should_be_letval, Other});
Err -> Err
end.
ast_to_type({id, _, T}) ->
T;
ast_to_type({tuple_t, _, []}) -> "()";
ast_to_type({tuple_t, _, Ts}) ->
"(" ++ list_ast_to_type(Ts) ++ ")";
ast_to_type({app_t,_, {id, _, "list"}, [T]}) ->
lists:flatten("list(" ++ ast_to_type(T) ++ ")");
ast_to_type({app_t,_, {id, _, "option"}, [T]}) ->
lists:flatten("option(" ++ ast_to_type(T) ++ ")").
list_ast_to_type([T]) ->
ast_to_type(T);
list_ast_to_type([T|Ts]) ->
ast_to_type(T)
++ ", "
++ list_ast_to_type(Ts).
+135
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% @author Happi (Erik Stenman)
%%% @copyright (C) 2017, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc
%%% Intermediate Code for Aeterinty Sophia language.
%%% @end
%%% Created : 21 Dec 2017
%%%
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
-module(aeso_icode).
-export([new/1,
pp/1,
set_name/2,
set_namespace/2,
enter_namespace/2,
get_namespace/1,
qualify/2,
set_functions/2,
map_typerep/2,
option_typerep/1,
get_constructor_tag/2]).
-export_type([icode/0]).
-include("aeso_icode.hrl").
-type type_def() :: fun(([aeb_aevm_data:type()]) -> aeb_aevm_data:type()).
-type bindings() :: any().
-type fun_dec() :: { string()
, [modifier()]
, arg_list()
, expr()
, aeb_aevm_data:type()}.
-type modifier() :: private | stateful.
-type type_name() :: string() | [string()].
-type icode() :: #{ contract_name => string()
, functions => [fun_dec()]
, namespace => aeso_syntax:con() | aeso_syntax:qcon()
, env => [bindings()]
, state_type => aeb_aevm_data:type()
, event_type => aeb_aevm_data:type()
, types => #{ type_name() => type_def() }
, type_vars => #{ string() => aeb_aevm_data:type() }
, constructors => #{ [string()] => integer() } %% name to tag
, options => [any()]
}.
pp(Icode) ->
%% TODO: Actually do *Pretty* printing.
io:format("~p~n", [Icode]).
-spec new([any()]) -> icode().
new(Options) ->
#{ contract_name => ""
, functions => []
, env => new_env()
%% Default to unit type for state and event
, state_type => {tuple, []}
, event_type => {tuple, []}
, types => builtin_types()
, type_vars => #{}
, constructors => builtin_constructors()
, options => Options}.
builtin_types() ->
Word = fun([]) -> word end,
#{ "bool" => Word
, "int" => Word
, "bits" => Word
, "string" => fun([]) -> string end
, "address" => Word
, "hash" => Word
, "signature" => fun([]) -> {tuple, [word, word]} end
, "oracle" => fun([_, _]) -> word end
, "oracle_query" => fun([_, _]) -> word end
, "list" => fun([A]) -> {list, A} end
, "option" => fun([A]) -> {variant, [[], [A]]} end
, "map" => fun([K, V]) -> map_typerep(K, V) end
, ["Chain", "ttl"] => fun([]) -> {variant, [[word], [word]]} end
}.
builtin_constructors() ->
#{ ["RelativeTTL"] => 0
, ["FixedTTL"] => 1
, ["None"] => 0
, ["Some"] => 1 }.
map_typerep(K, V) ->
{map, K, V}.
option_typerep(A) ->
{variant, [[], [A]]}.
new_env() ->
[].
-spec set_name(string(), icode()) -> icode().
set_name(Name, Icode) ->
maps:put(contract_name, Name, Icode).
-spec set_namespace(aeso_syntax:con() | aeso_syntax:qcon(), icode()) -> icode().
set_namespace(NS, Icode) -> Icode#{ namespace => NS }.
-spec enter_namespace(aeso_syntax:con(), icode()) -> icode().
enter_namespace(NS, Icode = #{ namespace := NS1 }) ->
Icode#{ namespace => aeso_syntax:qualify(NS1, NS) };
enter_namespace(NS, Icode) ->
Icode#{ namespace => NS }.
-spec get_namespace(icode()) -> false | aeso_syntax:con() | aeso_syntax:qcon().
get_namespace(Icode) -> maps:get(namespace, Icode, false).
-spec qualify(aeso_syntax:id() | aeso_syntax:con(), icode()) -> aeso_syntax:id() | aeso_syntax:qid() | aeso_syntax:con() | aeso_syntax:qcon().
qualify(X, Icode) ->
case get_namespace(Icode) of
false -> X;
NS -> aeso_syntax:qualify(NS, X)
end.
-spec set_functions([fun_dec()], icode()) -> icode().
set_functions(NewFuns, Icode) ->
maps:put(functions, NewFuns, Icode).
-spec get_constructor_tag([string()], icode()) -> integer().
get_constructor_tag(Name, #{constructors := Constructors}) ->
case maps:get(Name, Constructors, undefined) of
undefined -> error({undefined_constructor, Name});
Tag -> Tag
end.
+59
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
-include_lib("aebytecode/include/aeb_typerep_def.hrl").
-record(arg, {name::string(), type::?Type()}).
-type expr() :: term().
-type arg() :: #arg{name::string(), type::?Type()}.
-type arg_list() :: [arg()].
-record(fun_dec, { name :: string()
, args :: arg_list()
, body :: expr()}).
-record(var_ref, { name :: string() | list(string()) | {builtin, atom() | tuple()}}).
-record(prim_call_contract,
{ gas :: expr()
, address :: expr()
, value :: expr()
, arg :: expr()
, type_hash:: expr()
}).
-record(prim_balance, { address :: expr() }).
-record(prim_block_hash, { height :: expr() }).
-record(prim_put, { state :: expr() }).
-record(integer, {value :: integer()}).
-record(tuple, {cpts :: [expr()]}).
-record(list, {elems :: [expr()]}).
-record(unop, { op :: term()
, rand :: expr()}).
-record(binop, { op :: term()
, left :: expr()
, right :: expr()}).
-record(ifte, { decision :: expr()
, then :: expr()
, else :: expr()}).
-record(switch, { expr :: expr()
, cases :: [{expr(),expr()}]}).
-record(funcall, { function :: expr()
, args :: [expr()]}).
-record(lambda, { args :: arg_list(),
body :: expr()}).
-record(missing_field, { format :: string()
, args :: [term()]}).
-record(seq, {exprs :: [expr()]}).
-record(event, {topics :: [expr()], payload :: expr()}).
+981
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,981 @@
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% @author Happi (Erik Stenman)
%%% @copyright (C) 2017, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc
%%% Translator from Aesophia Icode to Aevm Assebly
%%% @end
%%% Created : 21 Dec 2017
%%%
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
-module(aeso_icode_to_asm).
-export([convert/2]).
-include_lib("aebytecode/include/aeb_opcodes.hrl").
-include("aeso_icode.hrl").
i(Code) -> aeb_opcodes:mnemonic(Code).
%% We don't track purity or statefulness in the type checker yet.
is_stateful({FName, _, _, _, _}) -> lists:last(FName) /= "init".
is_public({_Name, Attrs, _Args, _Body, _Type}) -> not lists:member(private, Attrs).
convert(#{ contract_name := _ContractName
, state_type := StateType
, functions := Functions
},
_Options) ->
%% Create a function dispatcher
DispatchFun = {"_main", [], [{"arg", "_"}],
{switch, {var_ref, "arg"},
[{{tuple, [fun_hash(Fun),
{tuple, make_args(Args)}]},
icode_seq([ hack_return_address(Fun, length(Args) + 1) ] ++
[ {funcall, {var_ref, FName}, make_args(Args)}]
)}
|| Fun={FName, _, Args, _,_TypeRep} <- Functions, is_public(Fun) ]},
word},
NewFunctions = Functions ++ [DispatchFun],
%% Create a function environment
Funs = [{Name, length(Args), make_ref()}
|| {Name, _Attrs, Args, _Body, _Type} <- NewFunctions],
%% Create dummy code to call the main function with one argument
%% taken from the stack
StopLabel = make_ref(),
StatefulStopLabel = make_ref(),
MainFunction = lookup_fun(Funs, "_main"),
StateTypeValue = aeso_ast_to_icode:type_value(StateType),
DispatchCode = [%% push two return addresses to stop, one for stateful
%% functions and one for non-stateful functions.
push_label(StatefulStopLabel),
push_label(StopLabel),
%% The calldata is already on the stack when we start. Put
%% it on top (also reorders StatefulStop and Stop).
swap(2),
jump(MainFunction),
jumpdest(StatefulStopLabel),
%% We need to encode the state type and put it
%% underneath the return value.
assemble_expr(Funs, [], nontail, StateTypeValue), %% StateT Ret
swap(1), %% Ret StateT
%% We should also change the state value at address 0 to a
%% pointer to the state value (to allow 0 to represent an
%% unchanged state).
i(?MSIZE), %% Ptr
push(0), i(?MLOAD), %% Val Ptr
i(?MSIZE), i(?MSTORE), %% Ptr Mem[Ptr] := Val
push(0), i(?MSTORE), %% Mem[0] := Ptr
%% The pointer to the return value is on top of
%% the stack, but the return instruction takes two
%% stack arguments.
push(0),
i(?RETURN),
jumpdest(StopLabel),
%% Set state pointer to 0 to indicate that we didn't change state
push(0), dup(1), i(?MSTORE),
%% Same as StatefulStopLabel above
push(0),
i(?RETURN)
],
%% Code is a deep list of instructions, containing labels and
%% references to them. Labels take the form {'JUMPDEST', Ref}, and
%% references take the form {push_label, Ref}, which is translated
%% into a PUSH instruction.
Code = [assemble_function(Funs, Name, Args, Body)
|| {Name, _, Args, Body, _Type} <- NewFunctions],
resolve_references(
[%% i(?COMMENT), "CONTRACT: " ++ ContractName,
DispatchCode,
Code]).
%% Generate error on correct format.
gen_error(Error) ->
error({code_errors, [Error]}).
make_args(Args) ->
[{var_ref, [I-1 + $a]} || I <- lists:seq(1, length(Args))].
fun_hash({FName, _, Args, _, TypeRep}) ->
ArgType = {tuple, [T || {_, T} <- Args]},
<<Hash:256>> = aeb_abi:function_type_hash(list_to_binary(lists:last(FName)), ArgType, TypeRep),
{integer, Hash}.
%% Expects two return addresses below N elements on the stack. Picks the top
%% one for stateful functions and the bottom one for non-stateful.
hack_return_address(Fun, N) ->
case is_stateful(Fun) of
true -> {inline_asm, [i(?MSIZE)]};
false ->
{inline_asm, %% X1 .. XN State NoState
[ dup(N + 2) %% NoState X1 .. XN State NoState
, swap(N + 1) %% State X1 .. XN NoState NoState
]} %% Top of the stack will be discarded.
end.
assemble_function(Funs, Name, Args, Body) ->
[jumpdest(lookup_fun(Funs, Name)),
assemble_expr(Funs, lists:reverse(Args), tail, Body),
%% swap return value and first argument
pop_args(length(Args)),
swap(1),
i(?JUMP)].
%% {seq, Es} - should be "one" operation in terms of stack content
%% i.e. after the `seq` there should be one new element on the stack.
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, Tail, {seq, [E]}) ->
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, Tail, E);
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, Tail, {seq, [E | Es]}) ->
[assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, nontail, E),
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, Tail, {seq, Es})];
assemble_expr(_Funs, _Stack, _Tail, {inline_asm, Code}) ->
Code; %% Unsafe! Code should take care to respect the stack!
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, _TailPosition, {var_ref, Id}) ->
case lists:keymember(Id, 1, Stack) of
true ->
dup(lookup_var(Id, Stack));
false ->
%% Build a closure
%% When a top-level fun is called directly, we do not
%% reach this case.
Eta = make_ref(),
Continue = make_ref(),
[i(?MSIZE),
push_label(Eta),
dup(2),
i(?MSTORE),
jump(Continue),
%% the code of the closure
jumpdest(Eta),
%% pop the pointer to the function
pop(1),
jump(lookup_fun(Funs, Id)),
jumpdest(Continue)]
end;
assemble_expr(_, _, _, {missing_field, Format, Args}) ->
io:format(Format, Args),
gen_error(missing_field);
assemble_expr(_Funs, _Stack, _, {integer, N}) ->
push(N);
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, _, {tuple, Cpts}) ->
%% We build tuples right-to-left, so that the first write to the
%% tuple extends the memory size. Because we use ?MSIZE as the
%% heap pointer, we must allocate the tuple AFTER computing the
%% first element.
%% We store elements into the tuple as soon as possible, to avoid
%% keeping them for a long time on the stack.
case lists:reverse(Cpts) of
[] ->
i(?MSIZE);
[Last|Rest] ->
[assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, nontail, Last),
%% allocate the tuple memory
i(?MSIZE),
%% compute address of last word
push(32 * (length(Cpts) - 1)), i(?ADD),
%% Stack: <last-value> <pointer>
%% Write value to memory (allocates the tuple)
swap(1), dup(2), i(?MSTORE),
%% Stack: pointer to last word written
[[%% Update pointer to next word to be written
push(32), swap(1), i(?SUB),
%% Compute element
assemble_expr(Funs, [pointer|Stack], nontail, A),
%% Write element to memory
dup(2), i(?MSTORE)]
%% And we leave a pointer to the last word written on
%% the stack
|| A <- Rest]]
%% The pointer to the entire tuple is on the stack
end;
assemble_expr(_Funs, _Stack, _, {list, []}) ->
%% Use Erik's value of -1 for []
[push(0), i(?NOT)];
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, _, {list, [A|B]}) ->
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, nontail, {tuple, [A, {list, B}]});
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, _, {unop, '!', A}) ->
case A of
{binop, Logical, _, _} when Logical=='&&'; Logical=='||' ->
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, nontail, {ifte, A, {integer, 0}, {integer, 1}});
_ ->
[assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, nontail, A),
i(?ISZERO)
]
end;
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, _, {event, Topics, Payload}) ->
[assemble_exprs(Funs, Stack, Topics ++ [Payload]),
case length(Topics) of
0 -> i(?LOG0);
1 -> i(?LOG1);
2 -> i(?LOG2);
3 -> i(?LOG3);
4 -> i(?LOG4)
end, i(?MSIZE)];
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, _, {unop, Op, A}) ->
[assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, nontail, A),
assemble_prefix(Op)];
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, Tail, {binop, '&&', A, B}) ->
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, Tail, {ifte, A, B, {integer, 0}});
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, Tail, {binop, '||', A, B}) ->
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, Tail, {ifte, A, {integer, 1}, B});
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, Tail, {binop, '::', A, B}) ->
%% Take advantage of optimizations in tuple construction.
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, Tail, {tuple, [A, B]});
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, _, {binop, Op, A, B}) ->
%% EEVM binary instructions take their first argument from the top
%% of the stack, so to get operands on the stack in the right
%% order, we evaluate from right to left.
[assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, nontail, B),
assemble_expr(Funs, [dummy|Stack], nontail, A),
assemble_infix(Op)];
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, _, {lambda, Args, Body}) ->
Function = make_ref(),
FunBody = make_ref(),
Continue = make_ref(),
NoMatch = make_ref(),
FreeVars = free_vars({lambda, Args, Body}),
{NewVars, MatchingCode} = assemble_pattern(FunBody, NoMatch, {tuple, [{var_ref, "_"}|FreeVars]}),
BodyCode = assemble_expr(Funs, NewVars ++ lists:reverse([ {Arg#arg.name, Arg#arg.type} || Arg <- Args ]), tail, Body),
[assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, nontail, {tuple, [{label, Function}|FreeVars]}),
jump(Continue), %% will be optimized away
jumpdest(Function),
%% A pointer to the closure is on the stack
MatchingCode,
jumpdest(FunBody),
BodyCode,
pop_args(length(Args)+length(NewVars)),
swap(1),
i(?JUMP),
jumpdest(NoMatch), %% dead code--raise an exception just in case
push(0),
i(?NOT),
i(?MLOAD),
i(?STOP),
jumpdest(Continue)];
assemble_expr(_, _, _, {label, Label}) ->
push_label(Label);
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, nontail, {funcall, Fun, Args}) ->
Return = make_ref(),
%% This is the obvious code:
%% [{push_label, Return},
%% assemble_exprs(Funs, [return_address|Stack], Args++[Fun]),
%% 'JUMP',
%% {'JUMPDEST', Return}];
%% Its problem is that it stores the return address on the stack
%% while the arguments are computed, which is unnecessary. To
%% avoid that, we compute the last argument FIRST, and replace it
%% with the return address using a SWAP.
%%
%% assemble_function leaves the code pointer of the function to
%% call on top of the stack, and--if the function is not a
%% top-level name--a pointer to its tuple of free variables. In
%% either case a JUMP is the right way to call it.
case Args of
[] ->
[push_label(Return),
assemble_function(Funs, [return_address|Stack], Fun),
i(?JUMP),
jumpdest(Return)];
_ ->
{Init, [Last]} = lists:split(length(Args) - 1, Args),
[assemble_exprs(Funs, Stack, [Last|Init]),
%% Put the return address in the right place, which also
%% reorders the args correctly.
push_label(Return),
swap(length(Args)),
assemble_function(Funs, [dummy || _ <- Args] ++ [return_address|Stack], Fun),
i(?JUMP),
jumpdest(Return)]
end;
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, tail, {funcall, Fun, Args}) ->
IsTopLevel = is_top_level_fun(Stack, Fun),
%% If the fun is not top-level, then it may refer to local
%% variables and must be computed before stack shuffling.
ArgsAndFun = Args++[Fun || not IsTopLevel],
ComputeArgsAndFun = assemble_exprs(Funs, Stack, ArgsAndFun),
%% Copy arguments back down the stack to the start of the frame
ShuffleSpec = lists:seq(length(ArgsAndFun), 1, -1) ++ [discard || _ <- Stack],
Shuffle = shuffle_stack(ShuffleSpec),
[ComputeArgsAndFun, Shuffle,
if IsTopLevel ->
%% still need to compute function
assemble_function(Funs, [], Fun);
true ->
%% need to unpack a closure
[dup(1), i(?MLOAD)]
end,
i(?JUMP)];
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, Tail, {ifte, Decision, Then, Else}) ->
%% This compilation scheme introduces a lot of labels and
%% jumps. Unnecessary ones are removed later in
%% resolve_references.
Close = make_ref(),
ThenL = make_ref(),
ElseL = make_ref(),
[assemble_decision(Funs, Stack, Decision, ThenL, ElseL),
jumpdest(ElseL),
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, Tail, Else),
jump(Close),
jumpdest(ThenL),
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, Tail, Then),
jumpdest(Close)
];
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, Tail, {switch, A, Cases}) ->
Close = make_ref(),
[assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, nontail, A),
assemble_cases(Funs, Stack, Tail, Close, Cases),
{'JUMPDEST', Close}];
%% State primitives
%% (A pointer to) the contract state is stored at address 0.
assemble_expr(_Funs, _Stack, _Tail, prim_state) ->
[push(0), i(?MLOAD)];
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, _Tail, #prim_put{ state = State }) ->
[assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, nontail, State),
push(0), i(?MSTORE), %% We need something for the unit value on the stack,
i(?MSIZE)]; %% MSIZE is the cheapest instruction.
%% Environment primitives
assemble_expr(_Funs, _Stack, _Tail, prim_contract_address) ->
[i(?ADDRESS)];
assemble_expr(_Funs, _Stack, _Tail, prim_call_origin) ->
[i(?ORIGIN)];
assemble_expr(_Funs, _Stack, _Tail, prim_caller) ->
[i(?CALLER)];
assemble_expr(_Funs, _Stack, _Tail, prim_call_value) ->
[i(?CALLVALUE)];
assemble_expr(_Funs, _Stack, _Tail, prim_gas_price) ->
[i(?GASPRICE)];
assemble_expr(_Funs, _Stack, _Tail, prim_gas_left) ->
[i(?GAS)];
assemble_expr(_Funs, _Stack, _Tail, prim_coinbase) ->
[i(?COINBASE)];
assemble_expr(_Funs, _Stack, _Tail, prim_timestamp) ->
[i(?TIMESTAMP)];
assemble_expr(_Funs, _Stack, _Tail, prim_block_height) ->
[i(?NUMBER)];
assemble_expr(_Funs, _Stack, _Tail, prim_difficulty) ->
[i(?DIFFICULTY)];
assemble_expr(_Funs, _Stack, _Tail, prim_gas_limit) ->
[i(?GASLIMIT)];
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, _Tail, #prim_balance{ address = Addr }) ->
[assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, nontail, Addr),
i(?BALANCE)];
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, _Tail, #prim_block_hash{ height = Height }) ->
[assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, nontail, Height),
i(?BLOCKHASH)];
assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, _Tail,
#prim_call_contract{ gas = Gas
, address = To
, value = Value
, arg = Arg
, type_hash= TypeHash
}) ->
%% ?CALL takes (from the top)
%% Gas, To, Value, Arg, TypeHash, _OOffset,_OSize
%% So assemble these in reverse order.
[ assemble_exprs(Funs, Stack, [ {integer, 0}, {integer, 0}, TypeHash
, Arg, Value, To, Gas ])
, i(?CALL)
].
assemble_exprs(_Funs, _Stack, []) ->
[];
assemble_exprs(Funs, Stack, [E|Es]) ->
[assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, nontail, E),
assemble_exprs(Funs, [dummy|Stack], Es)].
assemble_decision(Funs, Stack, {binop, '&&', A, B}, Then, Else) ->
Label = make_ref(),
[assemble_decision(Funs, Stack, A, Label, Else),
jumpdest(Label),
assemble_decision(Funs, Stack, B, Then, Else)];
assemble_decision(Funs, Stack, {binop, '||', A, B}, Then, Else) ->
Label = make_ref(),
[assemble_decision(Funs, Stack, A, Then, Label),
jumpdest(Label),
assemble_decision(Funs, Stack, B, Then, Else)];
assemble_decision(Funs, Stack, {unop, '!', A}, Then, Else) ->
assemble_decision(Funs, Stack, A, Else, Then);
assemble_decision(Funs, Stack, {ifte, A, B, C}, Then, Else) ->
TrueL = make_ref(),
FalseL = make_ref(),
[assemble_decision(Funs, Stack, A, TrueL, FalseL),
jumpdest(TrueL), assemble_decision(Funs, Stack, B, Then, Else),
jumpdest(FalseL), assemble_decision(Funs, Stack, C, Then, Else)];
assemble_decision(Funs, Stack, Decision, Then, Else) ->
[assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, nontail, Decision),
jump_if(Then), jump(Else)].
%% Entered with value to switch on on top of the stack
%% Evaluate selected case, then jump to Close with result on the
%% stack.
assemble_cases(_Funs, _Stack, _Tail, _Close, []) ->
%% No match! What should be do? There's no real way to raise an
%% exception, except consuming all the gas.
%% There should not be enough gas to do this:
[push(1), i(?NOT),
i(?MLOAD),
%% now stop, so that jump optimizer realizes we will not fall
%% through this code.
i(?STOP)];
assemble_cases(Funs, Stack, Tail, Close, [{Pattern, Body}|Cases]) ->
Succeed = make_ref(),
Fail = make_ref(),
{NewVars, MatchingCode} =
assemble_pattern(Succeed, Fail, Pattern),
%% In the code that follows, if this is NOT the last case, then we
%% save the value being switched on, and discard it on
%% success. The code is simpler if this IS the last case.
[[dup(1) || Cases /= []], %% save value for next case, if there is one
MatchingCode,
jumpdest(Succeed),
%% Discard saved value, if we saved one
[case NewVars of
[] ->
pop(1);
[_] ->
%% Special case for peep-hole optimization
pop_args(1);
_ ->
[swap(length(NewVars)), pop(1)]
end
|| Cases/=[]],
assemble_expr(Funs,
case Cases of
[] -> NewVars;
_ -> reorder_vars(NewVars)
end
++Stack, Tail, Body),
%% If the Body makes a tail call, then we will not return
%% here--but it doesn't matter, because
%% (a) the NewVars will be popped before the tailcall
%% (b) the code below will be deleted since it is dead
pop_args(length(NewVars)),
jump(Close),
jumpdest(Fail),
assemble_cases(Funs, Stack, Tail, Close, Cases)].
%% Entered with value to match on top of the stack.
%% Generated code removes value, and
%% - jumps to Fail if no match, or
%% - binds variables, leaves them on the stack, and jumps to Succeed
%% Result is a list of variables to add to the stack, and the matching
%% code.
assemble_pattern(Succeed, Fail, {integer, N}) ->
{[], [push(N),
i(?EQ),
jump_if(Succeed),
jump(Fail)]};
assemble_pattern(Succeed, _Fail, {var_ref, "_"}) ->
{[], [i(?POP), jump(Succeed)]};
assemble_pattern(Succeed, Fail, {missing_field, _, _}) ->
%% Missing record fields are quite ok in patterns.
assemble_pattern(Succeed, Fail, {var_ref, "_"});
assemble_pattern(Succeed, _Fail, {var_ref, Id}) ->
{[{Id, "_"}], jump(Succeed)};
assemble_pattern(Succeed, _Fail, {tuple, []}) ->
{[], [pop(1), jump(Succeed)]};
assemble_pattern(Succeed, Fail, {tuple, [A]}) ->
%% Treat this case specially, because we don't need to save the
%% pointer to the tuple.
{AVars, ACode} = assemble_pattern(Succeed, Fail, A),
{AVars, [i(?MLOAD),
ACode]};
assemble_pattern(Succeed, Fail, {tuple, [A|B]}) ->
%% Entered with the address of the tuple on the top of the
%% stack. We will duplicate the address before matching on A.
Continue = make_ref(), %% the label for matching B
Pop1Fail = make_ref(), %% pop 1 word and goto Fail
PopNFail = make_ref(), %% pop length(AVars) words and goto Fail
{AVars, ACode} =
assemble_pattern(Continue, Pop1Fail, A),
{BVars, BCode} =
assemble_pattern(Succeed, PopNFail, {tuple, B}),
{BVars ++ reorder_vars(AVars),
[%% duplicate the pointer so we don't lose it when we match on A
dup(1),
i(?MLOAD),
ACode,
jumpdest(Continue),
%% Bring the pointer to the top of the stack--this reorders AVars!
swap(length(AVars)),
push(32),
i(?ADD),
BCode,
case AVars of
[] ->
[jumpdest(Pop1Fail), pop(1),
jumpdest(PopNFail),
jump(Fail)];
_ ->
[{'JUMPDEST', PopNFail}, pop(length(AVars)-1),
{'JUMPDEST', Pop1Fail}, pop(1),
{push_label, Fail}, 'JUMP']
end]};
assemble_pattern(Succeed, Fail, {list, []}) ->
%% [] is represented by -1.
{[], [push(1),
i(?ADD),
jump_if(Fail),
jump(Succeed)]};
assemble_pattern(Succeed, Fail, {list, [A|B]}) ->
assemble_pattern(Succeed, Fail, {binop, '::', A, {list, B}});
assemble_pattern(Succeed, Fail, {binop, '::', A, B}) ->
%% Make sure it's not [], then match as tuple.
NotNil = make_ref(),
{Vars, Code} = assemble_pattern(Succeed, Fail, {tuple, [A, B]}),
{Vars, [dup(1), push(1), i(?ADD), %% Check for [] without consuming the value
jump_if(NotNil), %% so it's still there when matching the tuple.
pop(1), %% It was [] so discard the saved value.
jump(Fail),
jumpdest(NotNil),
Code]}.
%% When Vars are on the stack, with a value we want to discard
%% below them, then we swap the top variable with that value and pop.
%% This reorders the variables on the stack, as follows:
reorder_vars([]) ->
[];
reorder_vars([V|Vs]) ->
Vs ++ [V].
assemble_prefix('sha3') -> [i(?DUP1), i(?MLOAD), %% length, ptr
i(?SWAP1), push(32), i(?ADD), %% ptr+32, length
i(?SHA3)];
assemble_prefix('-') -> [push(0), i(?SUB)];
assemble_prefix('bnot') -> i(?NOT).
assemble_infix('+') -> i(?ADD);
assemble_infix('-') -> i(?SUB);
assemble_infix('*') -> i(?MUL);
assemble_infix('/') -> i(?SDIV);
assemble_infix('div') -> i(?DIV);
assemble_infix('mod') -> i(?MOD);
assemble_infix('^') -> i(?EXP);
assemble_infix('bor') -> i(?OR);
assemble_infix('band') -> i(?AND);
assemble_infix('bxor') -> i(?XOR);
assemble_infix('bsl') -> i(?SHL);
assemble_infix('bsr') -> i(?SHR);
assemble_infix('<') -> i(?SLT); %% comparisons are SIGNED
assemble_infix('>') -> i(?SGT);
assemble_infix('==') -> i(?EQ);
assemble_infix('<=') -> [i(?SGT), i(?ISZERO)];
assemble_infix('=<') -> [i(?SGT), i(?ISZERO)];
assemble_infix('>=') -> [i(?SLT), i(?ISZERO)];
assemble_infix('!=') -> [i(?EQ), i(?ISZERO)];
assemble_infix('!') -> [i(?ADD), i(?MLOAD)];
assemble_infix('byte') -> i(?BYTE).
%% assemble_infix('::') -> [i(?MSIZE), write_word(0), write_word(1)].
%% a function may either refer to a top-level function, in which case
%% we fetch the code label from Funs, or it may be a lambda-expression
%% (including a top-level function passed as a parameter). In the
%% latter case, the function value is a pointer to a tuple of the code
%% pointer and the free variables: we keep the pointer and push the
%% code pointer onto the stack. In either case, we are ready to enter
%% the function with JUMP.
assemble_function(Funs, Stack, Fun) ->
case is_top_level_fun(Stack, Fun) of
true ->
{var_ref, Name} = Fun,
{push_label, lookup_fun(Funs, Name)};
false ->
[assemble_expr(Funs, Stack, nontail, Fun),
dup(1),
i(?MLOAD)]
end.
free_vars(V={var_ref, _}) ->
[V];
free_vars({switch, E, Cases}) ->
lists:umerge(free_vars(E),
lists:umerge([free_vars(Body)--free_vars(Pattern)
|| {Pattern, Body} <- Cases]));
free_vars({lambda, Args, Body}) ->
free_vars(Body) -- [{var_ref, Arg#arg.name} || Arg <- Args];
free_vars(T) when is_tuple(T) ->
free_vars(tuple_to_list(T));
free_vars([H|T]) ->
lists:umerge(free_vars(H), free_vars(T));
free_vars(_) ->
[].
%% shuffle_stack reorders the stack, for example before a tailcall. It is called
%% with a description of the current stack, and how the final stack
%% should appear. The argument is a list containing
%% a NUMBER for each element that should be kept, the number being
%% the position this element should occupy in the final stack
%% discard, for elements that can be discarded.
%% The positions start at 1, referring to the variable to be placed at
%% the bottom of the stack, and ranging up to the size of the final stack.
shuffle_stack([]) ->
[];
shuffle_stack([discard|Stack]) ->
[i(?POP) | shuffle_stack(Stack)];
shuffle_stack([N|Stack]) ->
case length(Stack) + 1 - N of
0 ->
%% the job should be finished
CorrectStack = lists:seq(N - 1, 1, -1),
CorrectStack = Stack,
[];
MoveBy ->
{Pref, [_|Suff]} = lists:split(MoveBy - 1, Stack),
[swap(MoveBy) | shuffle_stack([lists:nth(MoveBy, Stack) | Pref ++ [N|Suff]])]
end.
lookup_fun(Funs, Name) ->
case [Ref || {Name1, _, Ref} <- Funs,
Name == Name1] of
[Ref] -> Ref;
[] -> gen_error({undefined_function, Name})
end.
is_top_level_fun(Stack, {var_ref, Id}) ->
not lists:keymember(Id, 1, Stack);
is_top_level_fun(_, _) ->
false.
lookup_var(Id, Stack) ->
lookup_var(1, Id, Stack).
lookup_var(N, Id, [{Id, _Type}|_]) ->
N;
lookup_var(N, Id, [_|Stack]) ->
lookup_var(N + 1, Id, Stack);
lookup_var(_, Id, []) ->
gen_error({var_not_in_scope, Id}).
%% Smart instruction generation
%% TODO: handle references to the stack beyond depth 16. Perhaps the
%% best way is to repush variables that will be needed in
%% subexpressions before evaluating he subexpression... i.e. fix the
%% problem in assemble_expr, rather than here. A fix here would have
%% to save the top elements of the stack in memory, duplicate the
%% targetted element, and then repush the values from memory.
dup(N) when 1 =< N, N =< 16 ->
i(?DUP1 + N - 1).
push(N) ->
Bytes = binary:encode_unsigned(N),
true = size(Bytes) =< 32,
[i(?PUSH1 + size(Bytes) - 1) |
binary_to_list(Bytes)].
%% Pop N values from UNDER the top element of the stack.
%% This is a pseudo-instruction so peephole optimization can
%% combine pop_args(M), pop_args(N) to pop_args(M+N)
pop_args(0) ->
[];
pop_args(N) ->
{pop_args, N}.
%% [swap(N), pop(N)].
pop(N) ->
[i(?POP) || _ <- lists:seq(1, N)].
swap(0) ->
%% Doesn't exist, but is logically a no-op.
[];
swap(N) when 1 =< N, N =< 16 ->
i(?SWAP1 + N - 1).
jumpdest(Label) -> {i(?JUMPDEST), Label}.
push_label(Label) -> {push_label, Label}.
jump(Label) -> [push_label(Label), i(?JUMP)].
jump_if(Label) -> [push_label(Label), i(?JUMPI)].
%% ICode utilities (TODO: move to separate module)
icode_noname() -> #var_ref{name = "_"}.
icode_seq([A]) -> A;
icode_seq([A | As]) ->
icode_seq(A, icode_seq(As)).
icode_seq(A, B) ->
#switch{ expr = A, cases = [{icode_noname(), B}] }.
%% Stack: <N elements> ADDR
%% Write elements at addresses ADDR, ADDR+32, ADDR+64...
%% Stack afterwards: ADDR
% write_words(N) ->
% [write_word(I) || I <- lists:seq(N-1, 0, -1)].
%% Unused at the moment. Comment out to please dialyzer.
%% write_word(I) ->
%% [%% Stack: elements e ADDR
%% swap(1),
%% dup(2),
%% %% Stack: elements ADDR e ADDR
%% push(32*I),
%% i(?ADD),
%% %% Stack: elements ADDR e ADDR+32I
%% i(?MSTORE)].
%% Resolve references, and convert code from deep list to flat list.
%% List elements are:
%% Opcodes
%% Byte values
%% {'JUMPDEST', Ref} -- assembles to ?JUMPDEST and sets Ref
%% {push_label, Ref} -- assembles to ?PUSHN address bytes
%% For now, we assemble all code addresses as three bytes.
resolve_references(Code) ->
Peephole = peep_hole(lists:flatten(Code)),
%% WARNING: Optimizing jumps reorders the code and deletes
%% instructions. When debugging the assemble_ functions, it can be
%% useful to replace the next line by:
%% Instrs = lists:flatten(Code),
%% thus disabling the optimization.
OptimizedJumps = optimize_jumps(Peephole),
Instrs = lists:reverse(peep_hole_backwards(lists:reverse(OptimizedJumps))),
Labels = define_labels(0, Instrs),
lists:flatten([use_labels(Labels, I) || I <- Instrs]).
define_labels(Addr, [{'JUMPDEST', Lab}|More]) ->
[{Lab, Addr}|define_labels(Addr + 1, More)];
define_labels(Addr, [{push_label, _}|More]) ->
define_labels(Addr + 4, More);
define_labels(Addr, [{pop_args, N}|More]) ->
define_labels(Addr + N + 1, More);
define_labels(Addr, [_|More]) ->
define_labels(Addr + 1, More);
define_labels(_, []) ->
[].
use_labels(_, {'JUMPDEST', _}) ->
'JUMPDEST';
use_labels(Labels, {push_label, Ref}) ->
case proplists:get_value(Ref, Labels) of
undefined ->
gen_error({undefined_label, Ref});
Addr when is_integer(Addr) ->
[i(?PUSH3),
Addr div 65536, (Addr div 256) rem 256, Addr rem 256]
end;
use_labels(_, {pop_args, N}) ->
[swap(N), pop(N)];
use_labels(_, I) ->
I.
%% Peep-hole optimization.
%% The compilation of conditionals can introduce jumps depending on
%% constants 1 and 0. These are removed by peep-hole optimization.
peep_hole(['PUSH1', 0, {push_label, _}, 'JUMPI'|More]) ->
peep_hole(More);
peep_hole(['PUSH1', 1, {push_label, Lab}, 'JUMPI'|More]) ->
[{push_label, Lab}, 'JUMP'|peep_hole(More)];
peep_hole([{pop_args, M}, {pop_args, N}|More]) when M + N =< 16 ->
peep_hole([{pop_args, M + N}|More]);
peep_hole([I|More]) ->
[I|peep_hole(More)];
peep_hole([]) ->
[].
%% Peep-hole optimization on reversed instructions lists.
peep_hole_backwards(Code) ->
NewCode = peep_hole_backwards1(Code),
if Code == NewCode -> Code;
true -> peep_hole_backwards(NewCode)
end.
peep_hole_backwards1(['ADD', 0, 'PUSH1'|Code]) ->
peep_hole_backwards1(Code);
peep_hole_backwards1(['POP', UnOp|Code]) when UnOp=='MLOAD';UnOp=='ISZERO';UnOp=='NOT' ->
peep_hole_backwards1(['POP'|Code]);
peep_hole_backwards1(['POP', BinOp|Code]) when
%% TODO: more binary operators
BinOp=='ADD';BinOp=='SUB';BinOp=='MUL';BinOp=='SDIV' ->
peep_hole_backwards1(['POP', 'POP'|Code]);
peep_hole_backwards1(['POP', _, 'PUSH1'|Code]) ->
peep_hole_backwards1(Code);
peep_hole_backwards1([I|Code]) ->
[I|peep_hole_backwards1(Code)];
peep_hole_backwards1([]) ->
[].
%% Jump optimization:
%% Replaces a jump to a jump with a jump to the final destination
%% Moves basic blocks to eliminate an unconditional jump to them.
%% The compilation of conditionals generates a lot of labels and
%% jumps, some of them unnecessary. This optimization phase reorders
%% code so that as many jumps as possible can be eliminated, and
%% replaced by just falling through to the destination label. This
%% both optimizes the code generated by conditionals, and converts one
%% call of a function into falling through into its code--so it
%% reorders code quite aggressively. Function returns are indirect
%% jumps, however, and are never optimized away.
%% IMPORTANT: since execution begins at address zero, then the first
%% block of code must never be moved elsewhere. The code below has
%% this property, because it processes blocks from left to right, and
%% because the first block does not begin with a label, and so can
%% never be jumped to--hence no code can be inserted before it.
%% The optimization works by taking one block of code at a time, and
%% then prepending blocks that jump directly to it, and appending
%% blocks that it jumps directly to, resulting in a jump-free sequence
%% that is as long as possible. To do so, we store blocks in the form
%% {OptionalLabel, Body, OptionalJump} which represents the code block
%% OptionalLabel++Body++OptionalJump; the optional parts are the empty
%% list of instructions if not present. Two blocks can be merged if
%% the first ends in an OptionalJump to the OptionalLabel beginning
%% the second; the OptionalJump can then be removed (and the
%% OptionalLabel if there are no other references to it--this happens
%% during dead code elimination.
%% TODO: the present implementation is QUADRATIC, because we search
%% repeatedly for matching blocks to merge with the first one, storing
%% the blocks in a list. A near linear time implementation could use
%% two ets tables, one keyed on the labels, and the other keyed on the
%% final jumps.
optimize_jumps(Code) ->
JJs = jumps_to_jumps(Code),
ShortCircuited = [short_circuit_jumps(JJs, Instr) || Instr <- Code],
NoDeadCode = eliminate_dead_code(ShortCircuited),
MovedCode = merge_blocks(moveable_blocks(NoDeadCode)),
%% Moving code may have made some labels superfluous.
eliminate_dead_code(MovedCode).
jumps_to_jumps([{'JUMPDEST', Label}, {push_label, Target}, 'JUMP'|More]) ->
[{Label, Target}|jumps_to_jumps(More)];
jumps_to_jumps([{'JUMPDEST', Label}, {'JUMPDEST', Target}|More]) ->
[{Label, Target}|jumps_to_jumps([{'JUMPDEST', Target}|More])];
jumps_to_jumps([_|More]) ->
jumps_to_jumps(More);
jumps_to_jumps([]) ->
[].
short_circuit_jumps(JJs, {push_label, Lab}) ->
case proplists:get_value(Lab, JJs) of
undefined ->
{push_label, Lab};
Target ->
%% I wonder if this will ever loop infinitely?
short_circuit_jumps(JJs, {push_label, Target})
end;
short_circuit_jumps(_JJs, Instr) ->
Instr.
eliminate_dead_code(Code) ->
Jumps = lists:usort([Lab || {push_label, Lab} <- Code]),
NewCode = live_code(Jumps, Code),
if Code==NewCode ->
Code;
true ->
eliminate_dead_code(NewCode)
end.
live_code(Jumps, ['JUMP'|More]) ->
['JUMP'|dead_code(Jumps, More)];
live_code(Jumps, ['STOP'|More]) ->
['STOP'|dead_code(Jumps, More)];
live_code(Jumps, [{'JUMPDEST', Lab}|More]) ->
case lists:member(Lab, Jumps) of
true ->
[{'JUMPDEST', Lab}|live_code(Jumps, More)];
false ->
live_code(Jumps, More)
end;
live_code(Jumps, [I|More]) ->
[I|live_code(Jumps, More)];
live_code(_, []) ->
[].
dead_code(Jumps, [{'JUMPDEST', Lab}|More]) ->
case lists:member(Lab, Jumps) of
true ->
[{'JUMPDEST', Lab}|live_code(Jumps, More)];
false ->
dead_code(Jumps, More)
end;
dead_code(Jumps, [_I|More]) ->
dead_code(Jumps, More);
dead_code(_, []) ->
[].
%% Split the code into "moveable blocks" that control flow only
%% reaches via jumps.
moveable_blocks([]) ->
[];
moveable_blocks([I]) ->
[[I]];
moveable_blocks([Jump|More]) when Jump=='JUMP'; Jump=='STOP' ->
[[Jump]|moveable_blocks(More)];
moveable_blocks([I|More]) ->
[Block|MoreBlocks] = moveable_blocks(More),
[[I|Block]|MoreBlocks].
%% Merge blocks to eliminate jumps where possible.
merge_blocks(Blocks) ->
BlocksAndTargets = [label_and_jump(B) || B <- Blocks],
[I || {Pref, Body, Suff} <- merge_after(BlocksAndTargets),
I <- Pref++Body++Suff].
%% Merge the first block with other blocks that come after it
merge_after(All=[{Label, Body, [{push_label, Target}, 'JUMP']}|BlocksAndTargets]) ->
case [{B, J} || {[{'JUMPDEST', L}], B, J} <- BlocksAndTargets,
L == Target] of
[{B, J}|_] ->
merge_after([{Label, Body ++ [{'JUMPDEST', Target}] ++ B, J}|
lists:delete({[{'JUMPDEST', Target}], B, J},
BlocksAndTargets)]);
[] ->
merge_before(All)
end;
merge_after(All) ->
merge_before(All).
%% The first block cannot be merged with any blocks that it jumps
%% to... but maybe it can be merged with a block that jumps to it!
merge_before([Block={[{'JUMPDEST', Label}], Body, Jump}|BlocksAndTargets]) ->
case [{L, B, T} || {L, B, [{push_label, T}, 'JUMP']} <- BlocksAndTargets,
T == Label] of
[{L, B, T}|_] ->
merge_before([{L, B ++ [{'JUMPDEST', Label}] ++ Body, Jump}
|lists:delete({L, B, [{push_label, T}, 'JUMP']}, BlocksAndTargets)]);
_ ->
[Block | merge_after(BlocksAndTargets)]
end;
merge_before([Block|BlocksAndTargets]) ->
[Block | merge_after(BlocksAndTargets)];
merge_before([]) ->
[].
%% Convert each block to a PREFIX, which is a label or empty, a
%% middle, and a SUFFIX which is a JUMP to a label, or empty.
label_and_jump(B) ->
{Label, B1} = case B of
[{'JUMPDEST', L}|More1] ->
{[{'JUMPDEST', L}], More1};
_ ->
{[], B}
end,
{Target, B2} = case lists:reverse(B1) of
['JUMP', {push_label, T}|More2] ->
{[{push_label, T}, 'JUMP'], lists:reverse(More2)};
_ ->
{[], B1}
end,
{Label, B2, Target}.
+299
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%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% @author Ulf Norell
%%% @copyright (C) 2019, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc
%%% Fate backend for Sophia compiler
%%% @end
%%% Created : 11 Jan 2019
%%%
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
-module(aeso_icode_to_fate).
-include("aeso_icode.hrl").
-export([compile/2]).
%% -- Preamble ---------------------------------------------------------------
-define(TODO(What), error({todo, ?FILE, ?LINE, ?FUNCTION_NAME, What})).
-define(i(__X__), {immediate, __X__}).
-define(a, {stack, 0}).
-record(env, { args = [], stack = [], tailpos = true }).
%% -- Debugging --------------------------------------------------------------
%% debug(Options, Fmt) -> debug(Options, Fmt, []).
debug(Options, Fmt, Args) ->
case proplists:get_value(debug, Options, true) of
true -> io:format(Fmt, Args);
false -> ok
end.
%% -- Main -------------------------------------------------------------------
%% @doc Main entry point.
compile(ICode, Options) ->
#{ contract_name := _ContractName,
state_type := _StateType,
functions := Functions } = ICode,
SFuns = functions_to_scode(Functions, Options),
SFuns1 = optimize_scode(SFuns, Options),
to_basic_blocks(SFuns1, Options).
functions_to_scode(Functions, Options) ->
maps:from_list(
[ {list_to_binary(Name), function_to_scode(Name, Args, Body, Type, Options)}
|| {Name, _Ann, Args, Body, Type} <- Functions, Name /= "init" ]). %% TODO: skip init for now
function_to_scode(Name, Args, Body, Type, Options) ->
debug(Options, "Compiling ~p ~p : ~p ->\n ~p\n", [Name, Args, Type, Body]),
ArgTypes = [ icode_type_to_fate(T) || {_, T} <- Args ],
ResType = icode_type_to_fate(Type),
SCode = to_scode(init_env(Args), Body),
debug(Options, " scode: ~p\n", [SCode]),
{{ArgTypes, ResType}, SCode}.
%% -- Types ------------------------------------------------------------------
%% TODO: the Fate types don't seem to be specified anywhere...
icode_type_to_fate(word) -> integer;
icode_type_to_fate(string) -> string;
icode_type_to_fate({tuple, Types}) ->
{tuple, lists:map(fun icode_type_to_fate/1, Types)};
icode_type_to_fate({list, Type}) ->
{list, icode_type_to_fate(Type)};
icode_type_to_fate(typerep) -> typerep;
icode_type_to_fate(Type) -> ?TODO(Type).
%% -- Phase I ----------------------------------------------------------------
%% Icode to structured assembly
%% -- Environment functions --
init_env(Args) ->
#env{ args = Args, stack = [], tailpos = true }.
push_env(Type, Env) ->
Env#env{ stack = [{"_", Type} | Env#env.stack] }.
notail(Env) -> Env#env{ tailpos = false }.
lookup_var(#env{ args = Args, stack = S }, X) ->
case {keyfind_index(X, 1, S), keyfind_index(X, 1, Args)} of
{false, false} -> false;
{false, Arg} -> {arg, Arg};
{Local, _} -> {stack, Local}
end.
%% -- The compiler --
to_scode(_Env, #integer{ value = N }) ->
[aeb_fate_code:push(?i(N))]; %% Doesn't exist (yet), translated by desugaring
to_scode(Env, #var_ref{name = X}) ->
case lookup_var(Env, X) of
false -> error({unbound_variable, X, Env});
{stack, N} -> [aeb_fate_code:dup(?i(N))];
{arg, N} -> [aeb_fate_code:push({arg, N})]
end;
to_scode(Env, #binop{ op = Op, left = A, right = B }) ->
[ to_scode(notail(Env), B)
, to_scode(push_env(binop_type_r(Op), Env), A)
, binop_to_scode(Op) ];
to_scode(Env, #ifte{decision = Dec, then = Then, else = Else}) ->
[ to_scode(notail(Env), Dec)
, {ifte, to_scode(Env, Then), to_scode(Env, Else)} ];
to_scode(_Env, Icode) -> ?TODO(Icode).
%% -- Operators --
binop_types('+') -> {word, word};
binop_types('-') -> {word, word};
binop_types('==') -> {word, word};
binop_types(Op) -> ?TODO(Op).
%% binop_type_l(Op) -> element(1, binop_types(Op)).
binop_type_r(Op) -> element(2, binop_types(Op)).
binop_to_scode('+') -> add_a_a_a(); %% Optimization introduces other variants
binop_to_scode('-') -> sub_a_a_a();
binop_to_scode('==') -> eq_a_a_a().
% binop_to_scode(Op) -> ?TODO(Op).
add_a_a_a() -> aeb_fate_code:add(?a, ?a, ?a).
sub_a_a_a() -> aeb_fate_code:sub(?a, ?a, ?a).
eq_a_a_a() -> aeb_fate_code:eq(?a, ?a, ?a).
%% -- Phase II ---------------------------------------------------------------
%% Optimize
optimize_scode(Funs, Options) ->
maps:map(fun(Name, Def) -> optimize_fun(Funs, Name, Def, Options) end,
Funs).
flatten(Code) -> lists:map(fun flatten_s/1, lists:flatten(Code)).
flatten_s({ifte, Then, Else}) -> {ifte, flatten(Then), flatten(Else)};
flatten_s(I) -> I.
optimize_fun(_Funs, Name, {{Args, Res}, Code}, Options) ->
Code0 = flatten(Code),
debug(Options, "Optimizing ~s\n", [Name]),
debug(Options, " original : ~p\n", [Code0]),
Code1 = simplify(Code0),
debug(Options, " simplified: ~p\n", [Code1]),
Code2 = desugar(Code1),
debug(Options, " desugared : ~p\n", [Code2]),
{{Args, Res}, Code2}.
simplify([]) -> [];
simplify([I | Code]) ->
simpl_top(simpl_s(I), simplify(Code)).
simpl_s({ifte, Then, Else}) ->
{ifte, simplify(Then), simplify(Else)};
simpl_s(I) -> I.
%% add_i 0 --> nop
simpl_top({'ADD', _, ?i(0), _}, Code) -> Code;
%% push n, add_a --> add_i n
simpl_top({'PUSH', ?a, ?i(N)},
[{'ADD', ?a, ?a, ?a} | Code]) ->
simpl_top( aeb_fate_code:add(?a, ?i(N), ?a), Code);
%% push n, add_i m --> add_i (n + m)
simpl_top({'PUSH', ?a, ?i(N)}, [{'ADD', ?a, ?i(M), ?a} | Code]) ->
simpl_top(aeb_fate_code:push(?i(N + M)), Code);
%% add_i n, add_i m --> add_i (n + m)
simpl_top({'ADD', ?a, ?i(N), ?a}, [{'ADD', ?a, ?i(M), ?a} | Code]) ->
simpl_top({'ADD', ?a, ?i(N + M), ?a}, Code);
simpl_top(I, Code) -> [I | Code].
%% Desugar and specialize
desugar({'ADD', ?a, ?i(1), ?a}) -> [aeb_fate_code:inc()];
desugar({ifte, Then, Else}) -> [{ifte, desugar(Then), desugar(Else)}];
desugar(Code) when is_list(Code) ->
lists:flatmap(fun desugar/1, Code);
desugar(I) -> [I].
%% -- Phase III --------------------------------------------------------------
%% Constructing basic blocks
to_basic_blocks(Funs, Options) ->
maps:from_list([ {Name, {{Args, Res},
bb(Name, Code ++ [aeb_fate_code:return()], Options)}}
|| {Name, {{Args, Res}, Code}} <- maps:to_list(Funs) ]).
bb(Name, Code, Options) ->
Blocks0 = blocks(Code),
Blocks = optimize_blocks(Blocks0),
Labels = maps:from_list([ {Ref, I} || {I, {Ref, _}} <- with_ixs(Blocks) ]),
BBs = [ set_labels(Labels, B) || B <- Blocks ],
debug(Options, "Final code for ~s:\n ~p\n", [Name, BBs]),
maps:from_list(BBs).
%% -- Break up scode into basic blocks --
blocks(Code) ->
Top = make_ref(),
blocks([{Top, Code}], []).
blocks([], Acc) ->
lists:reverse(Acc);
blocks([{Ref, Code} | Blocks], Acc) ->
block(Ref, Code, [], Blocks, Acc).
block(Ref, [], CodeAcc, Blocks, BlockAcc) ->
blocks(Blocks, [{Ref, lists:reverse(CodeAcc)} | BlockAcc]);
block(Ref, [{ifte, Then, Else} | Code], Acc, Blocks, BlockAcc) ->
ThenLbl = make_ref(),
RestLbl = make_ref(),
block(Ref, Else ++ [{jump, RestLbl}],
[{jumpif, ThenLbl} | Acc],
[{ThenLbl, Then ++ [{jump, RestLbl}]},
{RestLbl, Code} | Blocks],
BlockAcc);
block(Ref, [I | Code], Acc, Blocks, BlockAcc) ->
block(Ref, Code, [I | Acc], Blocks, BlockAcc).
%% -- Reorder, inline, and remove dead blocks --
optimize_blocks(Blocks) ->
%% We need to look at the last instruction a lot, so reverse all blocks.
Rev = fun(Bs) -> [ {Ref, lists:reverse(Code)} || {Ref, Code} <- Bs ] end,
RBlocks = Rev(Blocks),
RBlockMap = maps:from_list(RBlocks),
RBlocks1 = reorder_blocks(RBlocks, []),
RBlocks2 = [ {Ref, inline_block(RBlockMap, Ref, Code)} || {Ref, Code} <- RBlocks1 ],
RBlocks3 = remove_dead_blocks(RBlocks2),
Rev(RBlocks3).
%% Choose the next block based on the final jump.
reorder_blocks([], Acc) ->
lists:reverse(Acc);
reorder_blocks([{Ref, Code} | Blocks], Acc) ->
reorder_blocks(Ref, Code, Blocks, Acc).
reorder_blocks(Ref, Code, Blocks, Acc) ->
Acc1 = [{Ref, Code} | Acc],
case Code of
['RETURN'|_] -> reorder_blocks(Blocks, Acc1);
[{'RETURNR', _}|_] -> reorder_blocks(Blocks, Acc1);
[{jump, L}|_] ->
NotL = fun({L1, _}) -> L1 /= L end,
case lists:splitwith(NotL, Blocks) of
{Blocks1, [{L, Code1} | Blocks2]} ->
reorder_blocks(L, Code1, Blocks1 ++ Blocks2, Acc1);
{_, []} -> reorder_blocks(Blocks, Acc1)
end
end.
%% Inline short blocks ( 2 instructions)
inline_block(BlockMap, Ref, [{jump, L} | Code] = Code0) when L /= Ref ->
case maps:get(L, BlockMap, nocode) of
Dest when length(Dest) < 3 ->
%% Remove Ref to avoid infinite loops
inline_block(maps:remove(Ref, BlockMap), L, Dest) ++ Code;
_ -> Code0
end;
inline_block(_, _, Code) -> Code.
%% Remove unused blocks
remove_dead_blocks(Blocks = [{Top, _} | _]) ->
BlockMap = maps:from_list(Blocks),
LiveBlocks = chase_labels([Top], BlockMap, #{}),
[ B || B = {L, _} <- Blocks, maps:is_key(L, LiveBlocks) ].
chase_labels([], _, Live) -> Live;
chase_labels([L | Ls], Map, Live) ->
Code = maps:get(L, Map),
Jump = fun({jump, A}) -> [A || not maps:is_key(A, Live)];
({jumpif, A}) -> [A || not maps:is_key(A, Live)];
(_) -> [] end,
New = lists:flatmap(Jump, Code),
chase_labels(New ++ Ls, Map, Live#{ L => true }).
%% -- Translate label refs to indices --
set_labels(Labels, {Ref, Code}) when is_reference(Ref) ->
{maps:get(Ref, Labels), [ set_labels(Labels, I) || I <- Code ]};
set_labels(Labels, {jump, Ref}) -> aeb_fate_code:jump(maps:get(Ref, Labels));
set_labels(Labels, {jumpif, Ref}) -> aeb_fate_code:jumpif(?a, maps:get(Ref, Labels));
set_labels(_, I) -> I.
%% -- Helpers ----------------------------------------------------------------
with_ixs(Xs) ->
lists:zip(lists:seq(0, length(Xs) - 1), Xs).
keyfind_index(X, J, Xs) ->
case [ I || {I, E} <- with_ixs(Xs), X == element(J, E) ] of
[I | _] -> I;
[] -> false
end.
+413
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%%% -*- erlang-indent-level:4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% @copyright (C) 2018, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc Parser combinators for the Sophia parser. Based on
%%% Koen Claessen. 2004. Parallel Parsing Processes. J. Functional
%%% Programming 14, 6 (November 2004)
%%% @end
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
-module(aeso_parse_lib).
-export([parse/2,
return/1, fail/0, fail/1, map/2, bind/2,
lazy/1, choice/1, choice/2, tok/1, layout/0,
left/2, right/2, between/3, optional/1,
many/1, many1/1, sep/2, sep1/2,
infixl/2, infixr/2]).
%% -- Types ------------------------------------------------------------------
-export_type([parser/1, parser_expr/1, pos/0, token/0, tokens/0]).
-type pos() :: {string() | no_file, integer(), integer()} | {integer(), integer()}.
-type token() :: {atom(), pos(), term()} | {atom(), pos()}.
-type tokens() :: [token()].
-type error() :: {pos(), string() | no_error}.
-define(lazy(F), {aeso_parse_lazy, F}).
-define(fail(Err), {aeso_parse_fail, Err}).
-define(choice(Ps), {aeso_parse_choice, Ps}).
-define(bind(P, F), {aeso_parse_bind, P, F}).
-define(right(P, Q), {aeso_parse_right, P, Q}).
-define(left(P, Q), {aeso_parse_left, P, Q}).
-define(map(F, P), {aeso_parse_map, F, P}).
-define(layout, aeso_parse_layout).
-define(tok(Atom), {aeso_parse_tok, Atom}).
-define(return(X), {aeso_parse_return, X}).
%% Type synonyms since you can't have function types as macro arguments for some reason.
-type delayed(A) :: fun(() -> A).
-type continuation(A, B) :: fun((A) -> parser(B)).
-type function(A, B) :: fun((A) -> B).
%% The representation of parsers that the user writes. These get compiled down to a lower-level
%% representation before parsing (parser1/1).
-opaque parser_expr(A)
:: ?lazy(delayed(parser(A)))
| ?fail(term())
| ?choice([parser(A)])
| ?bind(parser(B), continuation(B, A))
| ?map(function(B, A), parser(B))
| ?left(parser(A), parser(A))
| ?right(parser(A), parser(A)).
%% Lists, tuples and maps of parsers are valid parsers. These are applied in left-to-right order and
%% a list/tuple/map is built out of the results. For maps only the values (and not the keys) can be
%% parsers.
-type parser(A) :: parser_expr(A)
| maybe_improper_list(parser(_), parser(_))
| tuple() %% A = tuple()
| term(). %% Interpreted as a parser that returns the term without consuming input
%% The low level parser representation. This is what's used when doing the
%% actual parsing (see parse1/2).
-type parser1(A) :: {tok_bind, #{atom() => fun((token()) -> parser1(A))}}
%% ^ Consume a token and dispatch on its tag.
| {fail, term()}
%% ^ Fail with the given error
| {return_plus, A, parser1(A)}
%% ^ Choice between returning a value and continue parsing
| {layout, fun((integer()) -> parser1(A)), parser1(A)}.
%% ^ Parse a layout block. If a layout block can be started, it commits to the
%% first argument. I.e. no backtracking to the second argument if the first
%% fails.
%% Apply a parser to its continuation. This compiles a parser to its low-level representation.
-spec apply_p(parser(A), fun((A) -> parser1(B))) -> parser1(B).
apply_p(?lazy(F), K) -> apply_p(F(), K);
apply_p(?fail(Err), _) -> {fail, Err};
apply_p(?choice([P | Ps]), K) -> lists:foldl(fun(Q, R) -> choice1(apply_p(Q, K), R) end,
apply_p(P, K), Ps);
apply_p(?bind(P, F), K) -> apply_p(P, fun(X) -> apply_p(F(X), K) end);
apply_p(?right(P, Q), K) -> apply_p(P, fun(_) -> apply_p(Q, K) end);
apply_p(?left(P, Q), K) -> apply_p(P, fun(X) -> apply_p(Q, fun(_) -> K(X) end) end);
apply_p(?map(F, P), K) -> apply_p(P, fun(X) -> K(F(X)) end);
apply_p(?layout, K) -> {layout, K, {fail, {expected, layout_block}}};
apply_p(?tok(Atom), K) -> {tok_bind, #{Atom => K}};
apply_p(?return(X), K) -> K(X);
apply_p([P | Q], K) -> apply_p(P, fun(H) -> apply_p(Q, fun(T) -> K([H | T]) end) end);
apply_p(T, K) when is_tuple(T) -> apply_p(tuple_to_list(T), fun(Xs) -> K(list_to_tuple(Xs)) end);
apply_p(M, K) when is_map(M) ->
{Keys, Ps} = lists:unzip(maps:to_list(M)),
apply_p(Ps, fun(Vals) -> K(maps:from_list(lists:zip(Keys, Vals))) end);
apply_p(X, K) -> K(X).
%% -- Primitive combinators --------------------------------------------------
%% @doc Create a delayed parser. Required when building recursive parsers to avoid looping.
-spec lazy(fun(() -> parser(A))) -> parser(A).
lazy(Delayed) -> ?lazy(Delayed).
%% @doc A parser that always fails.
-spec fail(term()) -> parser(none()).
fail(Err) -> ?fail(Err).
%% @doc Fail with no error message.
-spec fail() -> parser(none()).
fail() -> fail(no_error).
%% @doc A choice between two parsers. Succeeds if either parser succeeds.
-spec choice(parser(A), parser(A)) -> parser(A).
choice(?choice(Ps), ?choice(Qs)) -> ?choice(Ps ++ Qs);
choice(?choice(Ps), Q) -> ?choice([Q | Ps]);
choice(P, ?choice(Qs)) -> ?choice([P | Qs]);
choice(P, Q) -> ?choice([P, Q]).
%% @doc A choice between a list of parsers. Applies 'choice/2' repeatedly.
-spec choice([parser(A)]) -> parser(A).
choice([]) -> fail(empty_choice);
choice([P]) -> P;
choice([P | Ps]) -> choice(P, choice(Ps)).
%% @doc Parse a single token with the given tag.
-spec tok(atom()) -> parser(token()).
tok(Atom) -> ?tok(Atom).
%% @doc Apply two parsers in sequence and return the result from the first one.
-spec left(parser(A), parser(_)) -> parser(A).
left(P, Q) -> ?left(P, Q).
%% @doc Apply two parsers in sequence and return the result from the second one.
-spec right(parser(_), parser(A)) -> parser(A).
right(P, Q) -> ?right(P, Q).
%% @doc A parser that always succeeds with the given value.
-spec return(A) -> parser(A).
return(X) -> ?return(X).
%% @doc Monadic bind. Lets you inspect the result of the first parser before deciding on what to
%% parse next.
-spec bind(parser(A), fun((A) -> parser(B))) -> parser(B).
bind(?return(X), F) -> F(X);
bind(P, F) -> ?bind(P, F).
%% @doc Apply a function to the result of a parser.
-spec map(fun((A) -> B), parser(A)) -> parser(B).
map(Fun, P) -> ?map(Fun, P).
%% @doc Parse the start of a layout block. A layout block can start if the next token is not on the
%% same line as the previous token and it is indented further than the current layout block (if
%% any). The result is the column of the new layout block (i.e. the column of the next token).
-spec layout() -> parser(integer()).
layout() -> ?layout.
%% @doc Parse a sequence of tokens using a parser. Fails if the parse is ambiguous.
-spec parse(parser(A), tokens()) -> {ok, A} | {error, term()}.
parse(P, S) ->
case parse1(apply_p(P, fun(X) -> {return_plus, X, {fail, no_error}} end), S) of
{[], {Pos, Err}} -> {error, {Pos, parse_error, flatten_error(Err)}};
{[A], _} -> {ok, A};
{As, _} -> {error, {{1, 1}, ambiguous_parse, As}}
end.
-spec flatten_error(iolist() | no_error) -> string().
flatten_error(no_error) -> "Unspecified error";
flatten_error(Err) -> lists:flatten(Err).
%% -- Derived combinators ----------------------------------------------------
%% @doc Parse zero or more A's.
-spec many(parser(A)) -> parser([A]).
many(P) -> choice([], many1(P)).
-dialyzer({nowarn_function, many1/1}). %% Silence improper_list warning.
%% @doc Parse one or more A's.
-spec many1(parser(A)) -> parser([A]).
many1(P) -> [P | lazy(fun() -> many(P) end)].
%% @doc Parse zero or more A's, separated by Sep.
-spec sep(parser(A), parser(_)) -> parser([A]).
sep(P, Sep) -> choice([], sep1(P, Sep)).
-dialyzer({nowarn_function, sep1/2}). %% Silence improper_list warning.
%% @doc Parse one or more A's, separated by Sep.
-spec sep1(parser(A), parser(_)) -> parser([A]).
sep1(P, Sep) -> [P | many(right(Sep, P))].
%% @doc Parse a left-associative operator. <p>
%% <tt>infixl(Elem, Op) ::= Elem | infixl(Elem, Op) Op Elem</tt>
%% </p>
-spec infixl(parser(A), parser(fun((A, A) -> A))) -> parser(A).
infixl(Elem, Op) ->
bind(Elem, fun(A) ->
bind(many({Op, Elem}), fun(Ops) ->
return(build_infixl(A, Ops)) end) end).
%% @doc Parse a right-associative operator. <p>
%% <tt>infixr(Elem, Op) ::= Elem | Elem Op infixl(Elem, Op)</tt>
%% </p>
-spec infixr(parser(A), parser(fun((A, A) -> A))) -> parser(A).
infixr(Elem, Op) ->
bind(Elem, fun(A) ->
bind(many({Op, Elem}), fun(Ops) ->
return(build_infixr(A, Ops)) end) end).
build_infixl(A, []) -> A;
build_infixl(A, [{Op, B} | Ops]) -> build_infixl(Op(A, B), Ops).
build_infixr(A, []) -> A;
build_infixr(A, [{Op, B} | Ops]) -> Op(A, build_infixr(B, Ops)).
%% @doc Parse an A between two other things (typically brackets of some kind).
-spec between(parser(_), parser(A), parser(_)) -> parser(A).
between(L, P, R) ->
right(L, left(P, R)).
-spec optional(parser(A)) -> parser(none | {ok, A}).
optional(P) -> choice(none, {ok, P}).
%% -- Internal functions -----------------------------------------------------
-spec tag(token()) -> atom().
tag(T) when is_tuple(T) -> element(1, T).
-spec pos(token()) -> pos().
pos(T) when is_tuple(T) -> element(2, T).
-spec line(token()) -> integer().
line(T) when is_tuple(T) -> element(1, pos(T)).
-spec col(token()) -> integer().
col(T) when is_tuple(T) -> element(2, pos(T)).
%% Choice on low-level parsers.
-spec choice1(parser1(A), parser1(A)) -> parser1(A).
%% If both parsers want the next token we grab it and merge the continuations.
choice1({tok_bind, Map1}, {tok_bind, Map2}) ->
{tok_bind, merge_with(fun(F, G) -> fun(T) -> choice1(F(T), G(T)) end end, Map1, Map2)};
%% If both parsers fail we combine the error messages. If only one fails we discard it.
choice1({fail, E1}, {fail, E2}) -> {fail, add_error(E1, E2)};
choice1({fail, _}, Q) -> Q;
choice1(P, {fail, _}) -> P;
%% If either side can deliver a value, then so can the choice.
choice1({return_plus, X, P}, Q) -> {return_plus, X, choice1(P, Q)};
choice1(P, {return_plus, X, Q}) -> {return_plus, X, choice1(P, Q)};
%% If both sides want a layout block we combine them. If only one side wants a layout block we
%% will commit to a layout block is there is one.
choice1({layout, F, P}, {layout, G, Q}) ->
{layout, fun(N) -> choice1(F(N), G(N)) end, choice1(P, Q)};
choice1({layout, F, P}, Q) -> {layout, F, choice1(P, Q)};
choice1(P, {layout, G, Q}) -> {layout, G, choice1(P, Q)}.
%% Token stream representation. This is the state of the parse function.
-record(ts, {layout :: [integer()], %% Column numbers of the current layout blocks.
last :: token(), %% The previously consumed token.
inserted :: tokens(), %% Inserted layout tokens, consumed before 'tokens'.
tokens :: tokens()}). %% The remaining tokens to be parsed.
%% The initial token stream.
ts(S) ->
#ts{ layout = [], last = {bof, {0, 0}}, inserted = [], tokens = S }.
%% The parse function. Parses a token stream returning a list of results and an error message in
%% case of failure.
-spec parse1(parser1(A), tokens()) -> {[A], term()}.
parse1(P, S) ->
parse1(P, ts(S), [], no_error).
%% The main work horse. Returns a list of possible parses and an error message in case parsing
%% fails.
-spec parse1(parser1(A), #ts{}, [A], term()) -> {[A], error()}.
parse1({tok_bind, Map}, Ts, Acc, Err) ->
case next_token(Ts) of
{T, Ts1} ->
case maps:get(tag(T), Map, '$not_found') of
'$not_found' ->
%% Insert a vclose (if required) on unexpected tokens. This lets you have layout
%% blocks inside parens without having to put the closing paren on a separate
%% line. Example:
%% ((x) =>
%% let y = x + 1
%% y + y)(4)
case maps:get(vclose, Map, '$not_found') of
'$not_found' ->
{Acc, unexpected_token_error(Ts, T)};
F ->
VClose = {vclose, pos(T)},
Ts2 = pop_layout(VClose, Ts#ts{ last = VClose }),
parse1(F(VClose), Ts2, Acc, Err)
end;
F -> parse1(F(T), Ts1, Acc, Err)
end;
false ->
{Acc, mk_error(Ts, io_lib:format("Unexpected end of file. Expected one of ~p.",
[maps:keys(Map)]))}
end;
parse1({layout, F, P}, Ts, Acc, Err) ->
case start_layout(Ts) of
{Col, Ts1} -> parse1(F(Col), Ts1, Acc, Err);
false -> parse1(P, Ts, Acc, mk_error(Ts, "Expected layout block."))
end;
parse1({return_plus, X, P}, Ts, Acc, Err) ->
case next_token(Ts) of
false -> parse1(P, Ts, [X | Acc], Err);
{T, _} -> parse1(P, Ts, Acc, unexpected_token_error(Ts, T))
end;
parse1({fail, Err}, Ts, Acc, Err1) ->
Err2 = case next_token(Ts) of
{T, _} -> unexpected_token_error(Ts, T);
_ -> no_error
end,
{Acc, add_error(add_error(mk_error(Ts, Err), Err2), Err1)}.
%% Get the current position of the token stream. This is the position of the next token if any, and
%% the line after the last token if at the end of the stream.
-spec current_pos(#ts{}) -> pos().
current_pos(#ts{ inserted = [T | _] }) -> pos(T);
current_pos(#ts{ tokens = [T | _] }) -> pos(T);
current_pos(#ts{ last = T }) -> end_pos(pos(T)).
-spec mk_error(#ts{}, term()) -> error().
mk_error(Ts, Err) ->
{current_pos(Ts), Err}.
-spec unexpected_token_error(#ts{}, token()) -> error().
unexpected_token_error(Ts, T) ->
mk_error(Ts, io_lib:format("Unexpected token ~p", [tag(T)])).
%% Get the next token from a token stream. Inserts layout tokens if necessary.
-spec next_token(#ts{}) -> false | {token(), #ts{}}.
next_token(Ts) ->
case insert_layout_tokens(Ts) of
Ts1 = #ts{ inserted = [L | Ls] } -> {L, pop_layout(L, Ts1#ts{ last = L, inserted = Ls })};
Ts1 = #ts{ tokens = [T | S] } -> {T, Ts1#ts{ last = T, tokens = S }};
#ts{ inserted = [], tokens = [] } -> false
end.
%% Pop a layout block on an inserted 'vclose' token.
-spec pop_layout(token(), #ts{}) -> #ts{}.
pop_layout({vclose, _}, Ts = #ts{ layout = [_ | Layout] }) -> Ts#ts{ layout = Layout };
pop_layout(_, Ts) -> Ts.
%% Attempt to start a new layout block. Requires the next token to be on a new line and indented
%% more than any existing layout block. Sets the previous token to 'vopen'.
-spec start_layout(#ts{}) -> false | {integer(), #ts{}}.
start_layout(#ts{ inserted = [_ | _] }) -> false; %% Can't start a layout block before consuming all layout tokens
start_layout(#ts{ tokens = [] }) -> false; %% No more tokens
start_layout(Ts = #ts{ layout = Layout, last = Last, tokens = [T | _] }) ->
Col = col(T),
Valid = case Layout of
[] -> line(Last) < line(T);
[C1 | _] -> line(Last) < line(T) andalso C1 < Col
end,
Valid andalso {Col, Ts#ts{ layout = [Col | Layout], last = {vopen, pos(T)} }}.
%% Insert layout tokens. If the next token is on the same line as the current layout block we insert
%% a 'vsemi' token. If the next token is indented less, we insert a 'vclose' token.
-spec insert_layout_tokens(#ts{}) -> #ts{}.
insert_layout_tokens(Ts = #ts{ inserted = [_ | _] }) ->
Ts; %% already inserted layout tokens
insert_layout_tokens(Ts = #ts{ layout = Layout, last = Last, tokens = S }) ->
ToInsert = insert_layout_tokens(Layout, Last, S, []),
Ts#ts{ inserted = ToInsert }.
%% Compute the layout tokens to be inserted.
-spec insert_layout_tokens([integer()], token(), tokens(), tokens()) -> tokens().
insert_layout_tokens([_ | Layout], Last, [], Acc) ->
%% End of the file. Insert vclose tokens for all layout blocks.
Vclose = {vclose, end_pos(pos(Last))},
insert_layout_tokens(Layout, Last, [], [Vclose | Acc]);
insert_layout_tokens([N | Layout1], Last, S = [T | _], Acc) ->
Col = col(T),
%% Don't insert a vsemi if the previous token was a vopen or a vsemi. The former to avoid a
%% vsemi for the first token of the block and the latter to avoid inserting infinite vsemis.
AlreadySemi = lists:member(tag(Last), [vsemi, vopen]) andalso col(Last) == N,
if Col == N, not AlreadySemi ->
lists:reverse([{vsemi, pos(T)} | Acc]);
Col < N ->
Vclose = {vclose, pos(T)},
insert_layout_tokens(Layout1, Vclose, S, [Vclose | Acc]);
true ->
lists:reverse(Acc)
end;
insert_layout_tokens([], _Last, _S, Acc) ->
lists:reverse(Acc).
%% The end-of-file position. Beginning of the line after the last token.
end_pos({L, _}) -> {L + 1, 1}.
%% Combine two error messages. Discard no_error's otherwise pick the first error.
add_error(no_error, Err) -> Err;
add_error({_, no_error}, Err) -> Err;
add_error(Err, no_error) -> Err;
add_error(Err, {_, no_error}) -> Err;
add_error(Err, _Err1) -> Err.
%% For some unfathomable reason the maps module does not have a merge_with function.
-spec merge_with(fun((term(), term()) -> term()), map(), map()) -> map().
merge_with(Fun, Map1, Map2) ->
case maps:size(Map1) > maps:size(Map2) of
true ->
lists:foldl(fun({K, R}, M) ->
maps:update_with(K, fun(L) -> Fun(L, R) end, R, M)
end, Map1, maps:to_list(Map2));
false ->
lists:foldl(fun({K, L}, M) ->
maps:update_with(K, fun(R) -> Fun(L, R) end, L, M)
end, Map2, maps:to_list(Map1))
end.
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@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
-define(LET_P(X, P, Q), aeso_parse_lib:bind(P, fun(X) -> Q end)).
-define(LAZY_P(P), aeso_parse_lib:lazy(fun() -> P end)).
-define(MEMO_P(P), aeso_parse_lib:lazy(aeso_parse_lib:memoised(fun() -> P end))).
-define(GUARD_P(G, P),
case G of
true -> P;
false -> fail()
end).
-define(RULE(A, Do), map(fun(_1) -> Do end, A )).
-define(RULE(A, B, Do), map(fun({_1, _2}) -> Do end, {A, B} )).
-define(RULE(A, B, C, Do), map(fun({_1, _2, _3}) -> Do end, {A, B, C} )).
-define(RULE(A, B, C, D, Do), map(fun({_1, _2, _3, _4}) -> Do end, {A, B, C, D} )).
-define(RULE(A, B, C, D, E, Do), map(fun({_1, _2, _3, _4, _5}) -> Do end, {A, B, C, D, E} )).
-define(RULE(A, B, C, D, E, F, Do), map(fun({_1, _2, _3, _4, _5, _6}) -> Do end, {A, B, C, D, E, F})).
-import(aeso_parse_lib,
[tok/1, tok/2, between/3, many/1, many1/1, sep/2, sep1/2,
infixl/1, infixr/1, choice/1, choice/2, return/1, layout/0,
fail/0, fail/1, map/2, infixl/2, infixr/2, infixl1/2, infixr1/2,
left/2, right/2, optional/1]).
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@@ -0,0 +1,542 @@
%%% File : aeso_parser.erl
%%% Author : Ulf Norell
%%% Description :
%%% Created : 1 Mar 2018 by Ulf Norell
-module(aeso_parser).
-export([string/1,
string/2,
type/1]).
-include("aeso_parse_lib.hrl").
-type parse_result() :: {ok, aeso_syntax:ast()}
| {error, {aeso_parse_lib:pos(), atom(), term()}}
| {error, {aeso_parse_lib:pos(), atom()}}.
-spec string(string()) -> parse_result().
string(String) ->
string(String, []).
-spec string(string(), aeso_compiler:options()) -> parse_result().
string(String, Opts) ->
case parse_and_scan(file(), String, Opts) of
{ok, AST} ->
expand_includes(AST, Opts);
Err = {error, _} ->
Err
end.
type(String) ->
parse_and_scan(type(), String, []).
parse_and_scan(P, S, Opts) ->
set_current_file(proplists:get_value(src_file, Opts, no_file)),
case aeso_scan:scan(S) of
{ok, Tokens} -> aeso_parse_lib:parse(P, Tokens);
Error -> Error
end.
%% -- Parsing rules ----------------------------------------------------------
file() -> choice([], block(decl())).
decl() ->
?LAZY_P(
choice(
%% Contract declaration
[ ?RULE(keyword(contract), con(), tok('='), maybe_block(decl()), {contract, _1, _2, _4})
, ?RULE(keyword(namespace), con(), tok('='), maybe_block(decl()), {namespace, _1, _2, _4})
, ?RULE(keyword(include), str(), {include, _2})
%% Type declarations TODO: format annotation for "type bla" vs "type bla()"
, ?RULE(keyword(type), id(), {type_decl, _1, _2, []})
, ?RULE(keyword(type), id(), type_vars(), {type_decl, _1, _2, _3})
, ?RULE(keyword(type), id(), tok('='), typedef(type), {type_def, _1, _2, [], _4})
, ?RULE(keyword(type), id(), type_vars(), tok('='), typedef(type), {type_def, _1, _2, _3, _5})
, ?RULE(keyword(record), id(), tok('='), typedef(record), {type_def, _1, _2, [], _4})
, ?RULE(keyword(record), id(), type_vars(), tok('='), typedef(record), {type_def, _1, _2, _3, _5})
, ?RULE(keyword(datatype), id(), tok('='), typedef(variant), {type_def, _1, _2, [], _4})
, ?RULE(keyword(datatype), id(), type_vars(), tok('='), typedef(variant), {type_def, _1, _2, _3, _5})
%% Function declarations
, ?RULE(modifiers(), keyword(function), id(), tok(':'), type(), add_modifiers(_1, {fun_decl, _2, _3, _5}))
, ?RULE(modifiers(), keyword(function), fundef(), add_modifiers(_1, set_pos(get_pos(_2), _3)))
, ?RULE(keyword('let'), valdef(), set_pos(get_pos(_1), _2))
])).
modifiers() ->
many(choice([token(stateful), token(public), token(private), token(internal)])).
add_modifiers([], Node) -> Node;
add_modifiers(Mods = [Tok | _], Node) ->
%% Set the position to the position of the first modifier. This is
%% important for code transformation tools (like what we do in
%% create_calldata) to be able to get the indentation of the declaration.
set_pos(get_pos(Tok),
lists:foldl(fun({Mod, _}, X) -> set_ann(Mod, true, X) end,
Node, Mods)).
%% -- Type declarations ------------------------------------------------------
typedef(type) -> ?RULE(type(), {alias_t, _1});
typedef(record) -> ?RULE(brace_list(field_type()), {record_t, _1});
typedef(variant) -> ?RULE(constructors(), {variant_t, _1}).
constructors() ->
sep1(constructor(), tok('|')).
constructor() -> %% TODO: format for Con() vs Con
choice(?RULE(con(), {constr_t, get_ann(_1), _1, []}),
?RULE(con(), con_args(), {constr_t, get_ann(_1), _1, _2})).
con_args() -> paren_list(con_arg()).
type_args() -> paren_list(type()).
field_type() -> ?RULE(id(), tok(':'), type(), {field_t, get_ann(_1), _1, _3}).
con_arg() -> choice(type(), ?RULE(keyword(indexed), type(), set_ann(indexed, true, _2))).
%% -- Let declarations -------------------------------------------------------
letdecl() ->
choice(
?RULE(keyword('let'), letdef(), set_pos(get_pos(_1), _2)),
?RULE(keyword('let'), tok(rec), sep1(letdef(), tok('and')), {letrec, _1, _3})).
letdef() -> choice(valdef(), fundef()).
valdef() ->
choice(
?RULE(id(), tok('='), body(), {letval, [], _1, type_wildcard(), _3}),
?RULE(id(), tok(':'), type(), tok('='), body(), {letval, [], _1, _3, _5})).
fundef() ->
choice(
[ ?RULE(id(), args(), tok('='), body(), {letfun, [], _1, _2, type_wildcard(), _4})
, ?RULE(id(), args(), tok(':'), type(), tok('='), body(), {letfun, [], _1, _2, _4, _6})
]).
args() -> paren_list(arg()).
arg() -> choice(
?RULE(id(), {arg, get_ann(_1), _1, type_wildcard()}),
?RULE(id(), tok(':'), type(), {arg, get_ann(_1), _1, _3})).
%% -- Types ------------------------------------------------------------------
type_vars() -> paren_list(tvar()).
type() -> ?LAZY_P(type100()).
type100() -> type200().
type200() ->
?RULE(many({fun_domain(), keyword('=>')}), type300(), fun_t(_1, _2)).
type300() -> type400().
type400() ->
choice(
[?RULE(typeAtom(), optional(type_args()),
case _2 of
none -> _1;
{ok, Args} -> {app_t, get_ann(_1), _1, Args}
end),
?RULE(id("bytes"), parens(token(int)),
{bytes_t, get_ann(_1), element(3, _2)})
]).
typeAtom() ->
?LAZY_P(choice(
[ id(), token(con), token(qcon), token(qid), tvar()
, ?RULE(keyword('('), comma_sep(type()), tok(')'), tuple_t(_1, _2))
])).
fun_domain() -> ?RULE(?LAZY_P(type300()), fun_domain(_1)).
%% -- Statements -------------------------------------------------------------
body() ->
?LET_P(Stmts, maybe_block(stmt()), block_e(Stmts)).
stmt() ->
?LAZY_P(choice(
[ expr()
, letdecl()
, {switch, keyword(switch), parens(expr()), maybe_block(branch())}
, {'if', keyword('if'), parens(expr()), body()}
, {elif, keyword(elif), parens(expr()), body()}
, {else, keyword(else), body()}
])).
branch() ->
?RULE(pattern(), keyword('=>'), body(), {'case', _2, _1, _3}).
pattern() ->
?LET_P(E, expr500(), parse_pattern(E)).
%% -- Expressions ------------------------------------------------------------
expr() -> expr100().
expr100() ->
Expr100 = ?LAZY_P(expr100()),
Expr200 = ?LAZY_P(expr200()),
choice(
[ ?RULE(args(), keyword('=>'), body(), {lam, _2, _1, _3}) %% TODO: better location
, {'if', keyword('if'), parens(Expr100), Expr200, right(tok(else), Expr100)}
, ?RULE(Expr200, optional(right(tok(':'), type())),
case _2 of
none -> _1;
{ok, Type} -> {typed, get_ann(_1), _1, Type}
end)
]).
expr200() -> infixr(expr300(), binop('||')).
expr300() -> infixr(expr400(), binop('&&')).
expr400() -> infix(expr500(), binop(['<', '>', '=<', '>=', '==', '!='])).
expr500() -> infixr(expr600(), binop(['::', '++'])).
expr600() -> infixl(expr650(), binop(['+', '-'])).
expr650() -> ?RULE(many(token('-')), expr700(), prefixes(_1, _2)).
expr700() -> infixl(expr750(), binop(['*', '/', mod])).
expr750() -> infixl(expr800(), binop(['^'])).
expr800() -> ?RULE(many(token('!')), expr900(), prefixes(_1, _2)).
expr900() -> ?RULE(exprAtom(), many(elim()), elim(_1, _2)).
exprAtom() ->
?LAZY_P(begin
Expr = ?LAZY_P(expr()),
choice(
[ id_or_addr(), con(), token(qid), token(qcon)
, token(bytes), token(string), token(char)
, token(int)
, ?RULE(token(hex), set_ann(format, hex, setelement(1, _1, int)))
, {bool, keyword(true), true}
, {bool, keyword(false), false}
, ?RULE(brace_list(?LAZY_P(field_assignment())), record(_1))
, {list, [], bracket_list(Expr)}
, ?RULE(tok('['), Expr, binop('..'), Expr, tok(']'), _3(_2, _4))
, ?RULE(keyword('('), comma_sep(Expr), tok(')'), tuple_e(_1, _2))
])
end).
arg_expr() ->
?LAZY_P(
choice([ ?RULE(id(), tok('='), expr(), {named_arg, [], _1, _3})
, expr() ])).
elim() ->
?LAZY_P(
choice(
[ {proj, keyword('.'), id()}
, ?RULE(paren_list(arg_expr()), {app, [], _1})
, ?RULE(keyword('{'), comma_sep(field_assignment()), tok('}'), {rec_upd, _1, _2})
, ?RULE(keyword('['), map_key(), keyword(']'), map_get(_1, _2))
])).
map_get(Ann, {map_key, Key}) -> {map_get, Ann, Key};
map_get(Ann, {map_key, Key, Val}) -> {map_get, Ann, Key, Val}.
map_key() ->
?RULE(expr(), optional({tok('='), expr()}), map_key(_1, _2)).
map_key(Key, none) -> {map_key, Key};
map_key(Key, {ok, {_, Val}}) -> {map_key, Key, Val}.
elim(E, []) -> E;
elim(E, [{proj, Ann, P} | Es]) -> elim({proj, Ann, E, P}, Es);
elim(E, [{app, Ann, Args} | Es]) -> elim({app, Ann, E, Args}, Es);
elim(E, [{rec_upd, Ann, Flds} | Es]) -> elim(record_update(Ann, E, Flds), Es);
elim(E, [{map_get, Ann, Key} | Es]) -> elim({map_get, Ann, E, Key}, Es);
elim(E, [{map_get, Ann, Key, Val} | Es]) -> elim({map_get, Ann, E, Key, Val}, Es).
record_update(Ann, E, Flds) ->
{record_or_map(Flds), Ann, E, Flds}.
record([]) -> {map, [], []};
record(Fs) ->
case record_or_map(Fs) of
record -> {record, get_ann(hd(Fs)), Fs};
map ->
Ann = get_ann(hd(Fs ++ [{empty, []}])), %% TODO: source location for empty maps
KV = fun({field, _, [{map_get, _, Key}], Val}) -> {Key, Val};
({field, _, LV, Id, _}) ->
bad_expr_err("Cannot use '@' in map construction", infix(LV, {op, Ann, '@'}, Id));
({field, _, LV, _}) ->
bad_expr_err("Cannot use nested fields or keys in map construction", LV) end,
{map, Ann, lists:map(KV, Fs)}
end.
record_or_map(Fields) ->
Kind = fun(Fld) -> case element(3, Fld) of
[{proj, _, _} | _] -> proj;
[{map_get, _, _} | _] -> map_get;
[{map_get, _, _, _} | _] -> map_get
end end,
case lists:usort(lists:map(Kind, Fields)) of
[proj] -> record;
[map_get] -> map;
_ ->
[{field, Ann, _, _} | _] = Fields,
bad_expr_err("Mixed record fields and map keys in", {record, Ann, Fields})
end.
field_assignment() ->
?RULE(lvalue(), optional({tok('@'), id()}), tok('='), expr(), field_assignment(get_ann(_3), _1, _2, _4)).
field_assignment(Ann, LV, none, E) ->
{field, Ann, LV, E};
field_assignment(Ann, LV, {ok, {_, Id}}, E) ->
{field, Ann, LV, Id, E}.
lvalue() ->
?RULE(lvalueAtom(), many(elim()), lvalue(elim(_1, _2))).
lvalueAtom() ->
?LAZY_P(choice([ id()
, ?RULE(keyword('['), map_key(), keyword(']'), _2)
])).
lvalue(E) -> lvalue(E, []).
lvalue(X = {id, Ann, _}, LV) -> [{proj, Ann, X} | LV];
lvalue({map_key, K}, LV) -> [{map_get, get_ann(K), K} | LV];
lvalue({map_key, K, V}, LV) -> [{map_get, get_ann(K), K, V} | LV];
lvalue({proj, Ann, E, P}, LV) -> lvalue(E, [{proj, Ann, P} | LV]);
lvalue({map_get, Ann, E, K}, LV) -> lvalue(E, [{map_get, Ann, K} | LV]);
lvalue({map_get, Ann, E, K, V}, LV) -> lvalue(E, [{map_get, Ann, K, V} | LV]);
lvalue(E, _) -> bad_expr_err("Not a valid lvalue", E).
infix(E, Op) ->
?RULE(E, optional({Op, E}),
case _2 of
none -> _1;
{ok, {F, Arg}} -> F(_1, Arg)
end).
binop(Op) when is_atom(Op) -> binop([Op]);
binop(Ops) ->
?RULE(choice([ token(Op) || Op <- Ops ]), fun(A, B) -> infix(A, _1, B) end).
con() -> token(con).
id() -> token(id).
tvar() -> token(tvar).
str() -> token(string).
token(Tag) ->
?RULE(tok(Tag),
case _1 of
{Tok, {Line, Col}} -> {Tok, pos_ann(Line, Col)};
{Tok, {Line, Col}, Val} -> {Tok, pos_ann(Line, Col), Val}
end).
id(Id) ->
?LET_P({id, A, X} = Y, id(),
if X == Id -> Y;
true -> fail({A, "expected 'bytes'"})
end).
id_or_addr() ->
?RULE(id(), parse_addr_literal(_1)).
parse_addr_literal(Id = {id, Ann, Name}) ->
case lists:member(lists:sublist(Name, 3), ["ak_", "ok_", "oq_", "ct_"]) of
false -> Id;
true ->
try aeser_api_encoder:decode(list_to_binary(Name)) of
{Type, Bin} -> {Type, Ann, Bin}
catch _:_ ->
Id
end
end.
%% -- Helpers ----------------------------------------------------------------
keyword(K) -> ann(tok(K)).
ann(P) -> map(fun get_ann/1, P).
block(P) ->
between(layout(), sep1(P, tok(vsemi)), tok(vclose)).
maybe_block(P) ->
choice(block(P), [P]).
parens(P) -> between(tok('('), P, tok(')')).
braces(P) -> between(tok('{'), P, tok('}')).
brackets(P) -> between(tok('['), P, tok(']')).
comma_sep(P) -> sep(P, tok(',')).
paren_list(P) -> parens(comma_sep(P)).
brace_list(P) -> braces(comma_sep(P)).
bracket_list(P) -> brackets(comma_sep(P)).
%% -- Annotations ------------------------------------------------------------
-type ann() :: aeso_syntax:ann().
-type ann_line() :: aeso_syntax:ann_line().
-type ann_col() :: aeso_syntax:ann_col().
-spec pos_ann(ann_line(), ann_col()) -> ann().
pos_ann(Line, Col) -> [{file, current_file()}, {line, Line}, {col, Col}].
current_file() ->
get('$current_file').
set_current_file(File) ->
put('$current_file', File).
ann_pos(Ann) ->
{proplists:get_value(file, Ann),
proplists:get_value(line, Ann),
proplists:get_value(col, Ann)}.
get_ann(Ann) when is_list(Ann) -> Ann;
get_ann(Node) ->
case element(2, Node) of
{Line, Col} when is_integer(Line), is_integer(Col) -> pos_ann(Line, Col);
Ann -> Ann
end.
get_ann(Key, Node) ->
proplists:get_value(Key, get_ann(Node)).
set_ann(Key, Val, Node) ->
Ann = get_ann(Node),
setelement(2, Node, lists:keystore(Key, 1, Ann, {Key, Val})).
get_pos(Node) ->
{current_file(), get_ann(line, Node), get_ann(col, Node)}.
set_pos({F, L, C}, Node) ->
set_ann(file, F, set_ann(line, L, set_ann(col, C, Node))).
infix(L, Op, R) -> set_ann(format, infix, {app, get_ann(L), Op, [L, R]}).
prefixes(Ops, E) -> lists:foldr(fun prefix/2, E, Ops).
prefix(Op, E) -> set_ann(format, prefix, {app, get_ann(Op), Op, [E]}).
type_wildcard() ->
{id, [{origin, system}], "_"}.
block_e(Stmts) ->
group_ifs(Stmts, []).
group_ifs([], [Stmt]) -> return(Stmt);
group_ifs([], Acc) ->
Stmts = [Stmt | _] = lists:reverse(Acc),
{block, get_ann(Stmt), Stmts};
group_ifs([{'if', Ann, Cond, Then} | Stmts], Acc) ->
{Elses, Rest} = else_branches(Stmts, []),
group_ifs(Rest, [build_if(Ann, Cond, Then, Elses) | Acc]);
group_ifs([{else, Ann, _} | _], _) ->
fail({Ann, "No matching 'if' for 'else'"});
group_ifs([{elif, Ann, _, _} | _], _) ->
fail({Ann, "No matching 'if' for 'elif'"});
group_ifs([Stmt | Stmts], Acc) ->
group_ifs(Stmts, [Stmt | Acc]).
build_if(Ann, Cond, Then, [{elif, Ann1, Cond1, Then1} | Elses]) ->
{'if', Ann, Cond, Then,
set_ann(format, elif, build_if(Ann1, Cond1, Then1, Elses))};
build_if(Ann, Cond, Then, [{else, _Ann, Else}]) ->
{'if', Ann, Cond, Then, Else};
build_if(Ann, Cond, Then, []) ->
{'if', Ann, Cond, Then, {unit, [{origin, system}]}}.
else_branches([Elif = {elif, _, _, _} | Stmts], Acc) ->
else_branches(Stmts, [Elif | Acc]);
else_branches([Else = {else, _, _} | Stmts], Acc) ->
{lists:reverse([Else | Acc]), Stmts};
else_branches(Stmts, Acc) ->
{lists:reverse(Acc), Stmts}.
tuple_t(_Ann, [Type]) -> Type; %% Not a tuple
tuple_t(Ann, Types) -> {tuple_t, Ann, Types}.
fun_t(Domains, Type) ->
lists:foldr(fun({Dom, Ann}, T) -> {fun_t, Ann, [], Dom, T} end,
Type, Domains).
tuple_e(Ann, []) -> {unit, Ann};
tuple_e(_Ann, [Expr]) -> Expr; %% Not a tuple
tuple_e(Ann, Exprs) -> {tuple, Ann, Exprs}.
%% TODO: not nice
fun_domain({tuple_t, _, Args}) -> Args;
fun_domain(T) -> [T].
-spec parse_pattern(aeso_syntax:expr()) -> aeso_parse_lib:parser(aeso_syntax:pat()).
parse_pattern({app, Ann, Con = {'::', _}, Es}) ->
{app, Ann, Con, lists:map(fun parse_pattern/1, Es)};
parse_pattern({app, Ann, Con = {con, _, _}, Es}) ->
{app, Ann, Con, lists:map(fun parse_pattern/1, Es)};
parse_pattern({tuple, Ann, Es}) ->
{tuple, Ann, lists:map(fun parse_pattern/1, Es)};
parse_pattern({list, Ann, Es}) ->
{list, Ann, lists:map(fun parse_pattern/1, Es)};
parse_pattern({record, Ann, Fs}) ->
{record, Ann, lists:map(fun parse_field_pattern/1, Fs)};
parse_pattern(E = {con, _, _}) -> E;
parse_pattern(E = {id, _, _}) -> E;
parse_pattern(E = {unit, _}) -> E;
parse_pattern(E = {int, _, _}) -> E;
parse_pattern(E = {bool, _, _}) -> E;
parse_pattern(E = {bytes, _, _}) -> E;
parse_pattern(E = {string, _, _}) -> E;
parse_pattern(E = {char, _, _}) -> E;
parse_pattern(E) -> bad_expr_err("Not a valid pattern", E).
-spec parse_field_pattern(aeso_syntax:field(aeso_syntax:expr())) -> aeso_parse_lib:parser(aeso_syntax:field(aeso_syntax:pat())).
parse_field_pattern({field, Ann, F, E}) ->
{field, Ann, F, parse_pattern(E)}.
return_error({no_file, L, C}, Err) ->
fail(io_lib:format("~p:~p:\n~s", [L, C, Err]));
return_error({F, L, C}, Err) ->
fail(io_lib:format("In ~s at ~p:~p:\n~s", [F, L, C, Err])).
-spec ret_doc_err(ann(), prettypr:document()) -> no_return().
ret_doc_err(Ann, Doc) ->
return_error(ann_pos(Ann), prettypr:format(Doc)).
-spec bad_expr_err(string(), aeso_syntax:expr()) -> no_return().
bad_expr_err(Reason, E) ->
ret_doc_err(get_ann(E),
prettypr:sep([prettypr:text(Reason ++ ":"),
prettypr:nest(2, aeso_pretty:expr(E))])).
%% -- Helper functions -------------------------------------------------------
expand_includes(AST, Opts) ->
expand_includes(AST, [], Opts).
expand_includes([], Acc, _Opts) ->
{ok, lists:reverse(Acc)};
expand_includes([{include, S = {string, _, File}} | AST], Acc, Opts) ->
case read_file(File, Opts) of
{ok, Bin} ->
Opts1 = lists:keystore(src_file, 1, Opts, {src_file, File}),
case string(binary_to_list(Bin), Opts1) of
{ok, AST1} ->
expand_includes(AST1 ++ AST, Acc, Opts);
Err = {error, _} ->
Err
end;
{error, _} ->
{error, {get_pos(S), include_error, File}}
end;
expand_includes([E | AST], Acc, Opts) ->
expand_includes(AST, [E | Acc], Opts).
read_file(File, Opts) ->
case proplists:get_value(include, Opts, {explicit_files, #{}}) of
{file_system, Paths} ->
CandidateNames = [ filename:join(Dir, File) || Dir <- Paths ],
lists:foldr(fun(F, {error, _}) -> file:read_file(F);
(_F, OK) -> OK end, {error, not_found}, CandidateNames);
{explicit_files, Files} ->
case maps:get(binary_to_list(File), Files, not_found) of
not_found -> {error, not_found};
Src -> {ok, Src}
end
end.
+453
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,453 @@
%%% -*- erlang-indent-level:4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% @copyright (C) 2017, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc Pretty printer for Sophia.
%%%
%%% @end
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
-module(aeso_pretty).
-import(prettypr, [text/1, sep/1, above/2, beside/2, nest/2, empty/0]).
-export([decls/1, decls/2, decl/1, decl/2, expr/1, expr/2, type/1, type/2]).
-export_type([options/0]).
-type doc() :: prettypr:document().
-type options() :: [{indent, non_neg_integer()} | show_generated].
%% More options:
%% Newline before open curly
%% Space before ':'
%% -- Options ----------------------------------------------------------------
-define(aeso_pretty_opts, aeso_pretty_opts).
-spec options() -> options().
options() ->
case get(?aeso_pretty_opts) of
undefined -> [];
Opts -> Opts
end.
-spec option(atom(), any()) -> any().
option(Key, Default) ->
proplists:get_value(Key, options(), Default).
-spec show_generated() -> boolean().
show_generated() -> option(show_generated, false).
-spec indent() -> non_neg_integer().
indent() -> option(indent, 2).
-spec with_options(options(), fun(() -> A)) -> A.
with_options(Options, Fun) ->
put(?aeso_pretty_opts, Options),
Res = Fun(),
erase(?aeso_pretty_opts),
Res.
%% -- Pretty printing helpers ------------------------------------------------
-spec par([doc()]) -> doc().
par(Ds) -> par(Ds, indent()).
-spec par([doc()], non_neg_integer()) -> doc().
par([], _) -> empty();
par(Ds, N) -> prettypr:par(Ds, N).
-spec follow(doc(), doc(), non_neg_integer()) -> doc().
follow(A, B, N) ->
sep([A, nest(N, B)]).
-spec follow(doc(), doc()) -> doc().
follow(A, B) -> follow(A, B, indent()).
-spec above([doc()]) -> doc().
above([]) -> empty();
above([D]) -> D;
above([D | Ds]) -> lists:foldl(fun(X, Y) -> above(Y, X) end, D, Ds).
-spec beside([doc()]) -> doc().
beside([]) -> empty();
beside([D]) -> D;
beside([D | Ds]) -> lists:foldl(fun(X, Y) -> beside(Y, X) end, D, Ds).
-spec hsep([doc()]) -> doc().
hsep(Ds) -> beside(punctuate(text(" "), [ D || D <- Ds, D /= empty() ])).
-spec hsep(doc(), doc()) -> doc().
hsep(D1, D2) -> hsep([D1, D2]).
-spec punctuate(doc(), [doc()]) -> [doc()].
punctuate(_Sep, []) -> [];
punctuate(_Sep, [D]) -> [D];
punctuate(Sep, [D | Ds]) -> [beside(D, Sep) | punctuate(Sep, Ds)].
-spec paren(doc()) -> doc().
paren(D) -> beside([text("("), D, text(")")]).
-spec paren(boolean(), doc()) -> doc().
paren(false, D) -> D;
paren(true, D) -> paren(D).
-spec indent(doc()) -> doc().
indent(D) -> nest(indent(), D).
%% block(Header, Body) ->
%% Header
%% Body
-spec block(doc(), doc()) -> doc().
block(Header, Body) ->
sep([ Header, indent(Body) ]).
-spec comma_brackets(string(), string(), [doc()]) -> doc().
comma_brackets(Open, Close, Ds) ->
beside([text(Open), par(punctuate(text(","), Ds), 0), text(Close)]).
-spec tuple([doc()]) -> doc().
tuple(Ds) ->
comma_brackets("(", ")", Ds).
-spec list([doc()]) -> doc().
list(Ds) ->
comma_brackets("[", "]", Ds).
-spec record([doc()]) -> doc().
record(Ds) ->
comma_brackets("{", "}", Ds).
%% equals(A, B) -> A = B
-spec equals(doc(), doc()) -> doc().
equals(A, B) -> follow(hsep(A, text("=")), B).
%% typed(A, B) -> A : B.
-spec typed(doc(), aeso_syntax:type()) -> doc().
typed(A, Type) ->
case aeso_syntax:get_ann(origin, Type) == system andalso
not show_generated() of
true -> A;
false -> follow(hsep(A, text(":")), type(Type))
end.
%% -- Exports ----------------------------------------------------------------
-spec decls([aeso_syntax:decl()], options()) -> doc().
decls(Ds, Options) ->
with_options(Options, fun() -> decls(Ds) end).
-spec decls([aeso_syntax:decl()]) -> doc().
decls(Ds) -> above([ decl(D) || D <- Ds ]).
-spec decl(aeso_syntax:decl(), options()) -> doc().
decl(D, Options) ->
with_options(Options, fun() -> decl(D) end).
-spec decl(aeso_syntax:decl()) -> doc().
decl({contract, _, C, Ds}) ->
block(follow(text("contract"), hsep(name(C), text("="))), decls(Ds));
decl({namespace, _, C, Ds}) ->
block(follow(text("namespace"), hsep(name(C), text("="))), decls(Ds));
decl({type_decl, _, T, Vars}) -> typedecl(alias_t, T, Vars);
decl({type_def, _, T, Vars, Def}) ->
Kind = element(1, Def),
equals(typedecl(Kind, T, Vars), typedef(Def));
decl({fun_decl, _, F, T}) ->
hsep(text("function"), typed(name(F), T));
decl(D = {letfun, Attrs, _, _, _, _}) ->
Mod = fun({Mod, true}) when Mod == private; Mod == internal; Mod == public; Mod == stateful ->
text(atom_to_list(Mod));
(_) -> empty() end,
hsep(lists:map(Mod, Attrs) ++ [letdecl("function", D)]);
decl(D = {letval, _, _, _, _}) -> letdecl("let", D);
decl(D = {letrec, _, _}) -> letdecl("let", D).
-spec expr(aeso_syntax:expr(), options()) -> doc().
expr(E, Options) ->
with_options(Options, fun() -> expr(E) end).
-spec expr(aeso_syntax:expr()) -> doc().
expr(E) -> expr_p(0, E).
%% -- Not exported -----------------------------------------------------------
-spec name(aeso_syntax:id() | aeso_syntax:qid() | aeso_syntax:con() | aeso_syntax:qcon() | aeso_syntax:tvar()) -> doc().
name({id, _, Name}) -> text(Name);
name({con, _, Name}) -> text(Name);
name({qid, _, Names}) -> text(string:join(Names, "."));
name({qcon, _, Names}) -> text(string:join(Names, "."));
name({tvar, _, Name}) -> text(Name);
name({typed, _, Name, _}) -> name(Name).
-spec letdecl(string(), aeso_syntax:letbind()) -> doc().
letdecl(Let, {letval, _, F, T, E}) ->
block_expr(0, hsep([text(Let), typed(name(F), T), text("=")]), E);
letdecl(Let, {letfun, _, F, Args, T, E}) ->
block_expr(0, hsep([text(Let), typed(beside(name(F), args(Args)), T), text("=")]), E);
letdecl(Let, {letrec, _, [D | Ds]}) ->
hsep(text(Let), above([ letdecl("rec", D) | [ letdecl("and", D1) || D1 <- Ds ] ])).
-spec args([aeso_syntax:arg()]) -> doc().
args(Args) ->
tuple(lists:map(fun arg/1, Args)).
-spec arg(aeso_syntax:arg()) -> doc().
arg({arg, _, X, T}) -> typed(name(X), T).
-spec typedecl(alias_t | record_t | variant_t, aeso_syntax:id(), [aeso_syntax:tvar()]) -> doc().
typedecl(Kind, T, Vars) ->
KW = case Kind of
alias_t -> text("type");
record_t -> text("record");
variant_t -> text("datatype")
end,
case Vars of
[] -> hsep(KW, name(T));
_ -> beside(hsep(KW, name(T)),
tuple(lists:map(fun name/1, Vars)))
end.
-spec typedef(aeso_syntax:typedef()) -> doc().
typedef({alias_t, Type}) -> type(Type);
typedef({record_t, Fields}) ->
record(lists:map(fun field_t/1, Fields));
typedef({variant_t, Constructors}) ->
par(punctuate(text(" |"), lists:map(fun constructor_t/1, Constructors))).
-spec constructor_t(aeso_syntax:constructor_t()) -> doc().
constructor_t({constr_t, _, C, []}) -> name(C);
constructor_t({constr_t, _, C, Args}) -> beside(name(C), tuple_type(Args)).
-spec field_t(aeso_syntax:field_t()) -> doc().
field_t({field_t, _, Name, Type}) ->
typed(name(Name), Type).
-spec type(aeso_syntax:type(), options()) -> doc().
type(Type, Options) ->
with_options(Options, fun() -> type(Type) end).
-spec type(aeso_syntax:type()) -> doc().
type({fun_t, _, Named, Args, Ret}) ->
follow(hsep(tuple_type(Named ++ Args), text("=>")), type(Ret));
type({app_t, _, Type, []}) ->
type(Type);
type({app_t, _, Type, Args}) ->
beside(type(Type), tuple_type(Args));
type({tuple_t, _, Args}) ->
tuple_type(Args);
type({bytes_t, _, Len}) ->
text(lists:concat(["bytes(", Len, ")"]));
type({named_arg_t, _, Name, Type, _Default}) ->
%% Drop the default value
%% follow(hsep(typed(name(Name), Type), text("=")), expr(Default));
typed(name(Name), Type);
type(R = {record_t, _}) -> typedef(R);
type(T = {id, _, _}) -> name(T);
type(T = {qid, _, _}) -> name(T);
type(T = {con, _, _}) -> name(T);
type(T = {qcon, _, _}) -> name(T);
type(T = {tvar, _, _}) -> name(T).
-spec tuple_type([aeso_syntax:type()]) -> doc().
tuple_type(Args) ->
tuple(lists:map(fun type/1, Args)).
-spec arg_expr(aeso_syntax:arg_expr()) -> doc().
arg_expr({named_arg, _, Name, E}) ->
follow(hsep(expr(Name), text("=")), expr(E));
arg_expr(E) -> expr(E).
-spec expr_p(integer(), aeso_syntax:expr()) -> doc().
expr_p(P, {lam, _, Args, E}) ->
paren(P > 100, follow(hsep(args(Args), text("=>")), expr_p(100, E)));
expr_p(P, If = {'if', Ann, Cond, Then, Else}) ->
Format = aeso_syntax:get_ann(format, If),
if Format == '?:' ->
paren(P > 100,
follow(expr_p(200, Cond),
follow(hsep(text("?"), expr_p(100, Then)),
hsep(text(":"), expr_p(100, Else)), 0)));
true ->
{Elifs, Else1} = get_elifs(Else),
above([ stmt_p(Stmt) || Stmt <- [{'if', Ann, Cond, Then} | Elifs] ++ [Else1]])
end;
expr_p(_P, {switch, _, E, Cases}) ->
block(beside(text("switch"), paren(expr(E))),
above(lists:map(fun alt/1, Cases)));
expr_p(_, {tuple, _, Es}) ->
tuple(lists:map(fun expr/1, Es));
expr_p(_, {list, _, Es}) ->
list(lists:map(fun expr/1, Es));
expr_p(_, {record, _, Fs}) ->
record(lists:map(fun field/1, Fs));
expr_p(_, {map, Ann, KVs}) ->
record([ field({field, Ann, [{map_get, [], K}], V}) || {K, V} <- KVs ]);
expr_p(P, {map, Ann, E, Flds}) ->
expr_p(P, {record, Ann, E, Flds});
expr_p(P, {record, Ann, E, Fs}) ->
paren(P > 900, hsep(expr_p(900, E), expr({record, Ann, Fs})));
expr_p(_, {block, _, Ss}) ->
block(empty(), statements(Ss));
expr_p(P, {proj, _, E, X}) ->
paren(P > 900, beside([expr_p(900, E), text("."), name(X)]));
expr_p(P, {map_get, _, E, Key}) ->
paren(P > 900, beside([expr_p(900, E), list([expr(Key)])]));
expr_p(P, {map_get, Ann, E, Key, Val}) ->
paren(P > 900, beside([expr_p(900, E), list([expr(equals(Ann, Key, Val))])]));
expr_p(P, {typed, _, E, T}) ->
paren(P > 0, typed(expr(E), T));
expr_p(P, {assign, _, LV, E}) ->
paren(P > 0, equals(expr_p(900, LV), expr(E)));
%% -- Operators
expr_p(_, {app, _, {'..', _}, [A, B]}) ->
list([infix(0, '..', A, B)]);
expr_p(P, E = {app, _, F = {Op, _}, Args}) when is_atom(Op) ->
case {aeso_syntax:get_ann(format, E), Args} of
{infix, [A, B]} -> infix(P, Op, A, B);
{prefix, [A]} -> prefix(P, Op, A);
_ -> app(P, F, Args)
end;
expr_p(_, {app, _, C={Tag, _, _}, []}) when Tag == con; Tag == qcon ->
expr_p(0, C);
expr_p(P, {app, _, F, Args}) ->
app(P, F, Args);
%% -- Constants
expr_p(_, E = {int, _, N}) ->
S = case aeso_syntax:get_ann(format, E) of
hex -> "0x" ++ integer_to_list(N, 16);
_ -> integer_to_list(N)
end,
text(S);
expr_p(_, {bool, _, B}) -> text(atom_to_list(B));
expr_p(_, {bytes, _, Bin}) ->
Digits = byte_size(Bin),
<<N:Digits/unit:8>> = Bin,
text(lists:flatten(io_lib:format("#~*.16.0b", [Digits*2, N])));
expr_p(_, {hash, _, <<N:512>>}) -> text("#" ++ integer_to_list(N, 16));
expr_p(_, {Type, _, Bin})
when Type == account_pubkey;
Type == contract_pubkey;
Type == oracle_pubkey;
Type == oracle_query_id ->
text(binary_to_list(aeser_api_encoder:encode(Type, Bin)));
expr_p(_, {unit, _}) -> text("()");
expr_p(_, {string, _, S}) -> term(binary_to_list(S));
expr_p(_, {char, _, C}) ->
case C of
$' -> text("'\\''");
$" -> text("'\"'");
_ -> S = lists:flatten(io_lib:format("~p", [[C]])),
text("'" ++ tl(lists:droplast(S)) ++ "'")
end;
%% -- Names
expr_p(_, E = {id, _, _}) -> name(E);
expr_p(_, E = {con, _, _}) -> name(E);
expr_p(_, E = {qid, _, _}) -> name(E);
expr_p(_, E = {qcon, _, _}) -> name(E);
%% -- For error messages
expr_p(_, {Op, _}) when is_atom(Op) ->
paren(text(atom_to_list(Op)));
expr_p(_, {lvalue, _, LV}) -> lvalue(LV).
stmt_p({'if', _, Cond, Then}) ->
block_expr(200, beside(text("if"), paren(expr(Cond))), Then);
stmt_p({elif, _, Cond, Then}) ->
block_expr(200, beside(text("elif"), paren(expr(Cond))), Then);
stmt_p({else, Else}) ->
HideGenerated = not show_generated(),
case aeso_syntax:get_ann(origin, Else) of
system when HideGenerated -> empty();
_ -> block_expr(200, text("else"), Else)
end.
-spec bin_prec(aeso_syntax:bin_op()) -> {integer(), integer(), integer()}.
bin_prec('..') -> { 0, 0, 0}; %% Always printed inside '[ ]'
bin_prec('=') -> { 0, 0, 0}; %% Always printed inside '[ ]'
bin_prec('||') -> {200, 300, 200};
bin_prec('&&') -> {300, 400, 300};
bin_prec('<') -> {400, 500, 500};
bin_prec('>') -> {400, 500, 500};
bin_prec('=<') -> {400, 500, 500};
bin_prec('>=') -> {400, 500, 500};
bin_prec('==') -> {400, 500, 500};
bin_prec('!=') -> {400, 500, 500};
bin_prec('++') -> {500, 600, 500};
bin_prec('::') -> {500, 600, 500};
bin_prec('+') -> {600, 600, 650};
bin_prec('-') -> {600, 600, 650};
bin_prec('*') -> {700, 700, 750};
bin_prec('/') -> {700, 700, 750};
bin_prec(mod) -> {700, 700, 750};
bin_prec('^') -> {750, 750, 800}.
-spec un_prec(aeso_syntax:un_op()) -> {integer(), integer()}.
un_prec('-') -> {650, 650};
un_prec('!') -> {800, 800}.
equals(Ann, A, B) ->
{app, [{format, infix} | Ann], {'=', Ann}, [A, B]}.
-spec infix(integer(), aeso_syntax:bin_op(), aeso_syntax:expr(), aeso_syntax:expr()) -> doc().
infix(P, Op, A, B) ->
{Top, L, R} = bin_prec(Op),
paren(P > Top,
follow(hsep(expr_p(L, A), text(atom_to_list(Op))),
expr_p(R, B))).
prefix(P, Op, A) ->
{Top, Inner} = un_prec(Op),
paren(P > Top, hsep(text(atom_to_list(Op)), expr_p(Inner, A))).
app(P, F, Args) ->
paren(P > 900,
beside(expr_p(900, F),
tuple(lists:map(fun arg_expr/1, Args)))).
field({field, _, LV, E}) ->
follow(hsep(lvalue(LV), text("=")), expr(E));
field({field, _, LV, Id, E}) ->
follow(hsep([lvalue(LV), text("@"), name(Id), text("=")]), expr(E));
field({field_upd, _, LV, Fun}) ->
follow(hsep(lvalue(LV), text("~")), expr(Fun)). %% Not valid syntax
lvalue([E | Es]) ->
beside([elim(E) | lists:map(fun elim1/1, Es)]).
elim({proj, _, X}) -> name(X);
elim({map_get, Ann, K}) -> expr_p(0, {list, Ann, [K]});
elim({map_get, Ann, K, V}) -> expr_p(0, {list, Ann, [equals(Ann, K, V)]}).
elim1(Proj={proj, _, _}) -> beside(text("."), elim(Proj));
elim1(Get={map_get, _, _}) -> elim(Get);
elim1(Get={map_get, _, _, _}) -> elim(Get).
alt({'case', _, Pat, Body}) ->
block_expr(0, hsep(expr_p(500, Pat), text("=>")), Body).
block_expr(_, Header, {block, _, Ss}) ->
block(Header, statements(Ss));
block_expr(P, Header, E) ->
follow(Header, expr_p(P, E)).
statements(Stmts) ->
above([ statement(S) || S <- Stmts ]).
statement(S = {letval, _, _, _, _}) -> letdecl("let", S);
statement(S = {letfun, _, _, _, _, _}) -> letdecl("let", S);
statement(S = {letrec, _, _}) -> letdecl("let", S);
statement(E) -> expr(E).
get_elifs(Expr) -> get_elifs(Expr, []).
get_elifs(If = {'if', Ann, Cond, Then, Else}, Elifs) ->
case aeso_syntax:get_ann(format, If) of
elif -> get_elifs(Else, [{elif, Ann, Cond, Then} | Elifs]);
_ -> {lists:reverse(Elifs), If}
end;
get_elifs(Else, Elifs) -> {lists:reverse(Elifs), {else, Else}}.
fmt(Fmt, Args) -> text(lists:flatten(io_lib:format(Fmt, Args))).
term(X) -> fmt("~p", [X]).
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%%% -*- erlang-indent-level:4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% @copyright (C) 2017, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc The Sophia lexer.
%%%
%%% @end
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
-module(aeso_scan).
-export([scan/1]).
-import(aeso_scan_lib, [token/1, token/2, symbol/0, skip/0,
override/2, push/2, pop/1]).
lexer() ->
DIGIT = "[0-9]",
HEXDIGIT = "[0-9a-fA-F]",
LOWER = "[a-z_]",
UPPER = "[A-Z]",
CON = [UPPER, "[a-zA-Z0-9_]*"],
INT = [DIGIT, "+"],
HEX = ["0x", HEXDIGIT, "+"],
BYTES = ["#", HEXDIGIT, "+"],
WS = "[\\000-\\ ]+",
ID = [LOWER, "[a-zA-Z0-9_']*"],
TVAR = ["'", ID],
QID = ["(", CON, "\\.)+", ID],
QCON = ["(", CON, "\\.)+", CON],
OP = "[=!<>+\\-*/:&|?~@^]+",
CHAR = "'([^'\\\\]|(\\\\.))'",
STRING = "\"([^\"\\\\]|(\\\\.))*\"",
CommentStart = {"/\\*", push(comment, skip())},
CommentRules =
[ CommentStart
, {"\\*/", pop(skip())}
, {"[^/*]+|[/*]", skip()} ],
Keywords = ["contract", "include", "let", "rec", "switch", "type", "record", "datatype", "if", "elif", "else", "function",
"stateful", "true", "false", "and", "mod", "public", "private", "indexed", "internal", "namespace"],
KW = string:join(Keywords, "|"),
Rules =
%% Comments and whitespace
[ CommentStart
, {"//.*", skip()}
, {WS, skip()}
%% Special characters
, {"\\.\\.|[,.;()\\[\\]{}]", symbol()}
%% Literals
, {CHAR, token(char, fun parse_char/1)}
, {STRING, token(string, fun parse_string/1)}
, {HEX, token(hex, fun parse_hex/1)}
, {INT, token(int, fun list_to_integer/1)}
, {BYTES, token(bytes, fun parse_bytes/1)}
%% Identifiers (qualified first!)
, {QID, token(qid, fun(S) -> string:tokens(S, ".") end)}
, {QCON, token(qcon, fun(S) -> string:tokens(S, ".") end)}
, {TVAR, token(tvar)}
, override({ID, token(id)}, {KW, symbol()}) %% Keywords override identifiers. Need to
, {CON, token(con)} %% use override to avoid lexing "lettuce"
%% as ['let', {id, "tuce"}].
%% Operators
, {OP, symbol()}
],
[{code, Rules}, {comment, CommentRules}].
scan(String) ->
Lexer = aeso_scan_lib:compile(lexer()),
aeso_scan_lib:string(Lexer, code, String).
%% -- Helpers ----------------------------------------------------------------
parse_string([$" | Chars]) ->
unescape(Chars).
parse_char([$', $\\, Code, $']) ->
case Code of
$' -> $';
$\\ -> $\\;
$b -> $\b;
$e -> $\e;
$f -> $\f;
$n -> $\n;
$r -> $\r;
$t -> $\t;
$v -> $\v;
_ -> {error, "Bad control sequence: \\" ++ [Code]}
end;
parse_char([$', C, $']) -> C.
unescape(Str) -> unescape(Str, []).
%% TODO: numeric escapes
unescape([$"], Acc) ->
list_to_binary(lists:reverse(Acc));
unescape([$\\, Code | Chars], Acc) ->
Ok = fun(C) -> unescape(Chars, [C | Acc]) end,
case Code of
$" -> Ok($");
$\\ -> Ok($\\);
$b -> Ok($\b);
$e -> Ok($\e);
$f -> Ok($\f);
$n -> Ok($\n);
$r -> Ok($\r);
$t -> Ok($\t);
$v -> Ok($\v);
_ -> error("Bad control sequence: \\" ++ [Code]) %% TODO
end;
unescape([C | Chars], Acc) ->
unescape(Chars, [C | Acc]).
parse_hex("0x" ++ Chars) -> list_to_integer(Chars, 16).
parse_bytes("#" ++ Chars) ->
N = list_to_integer(Chars, 16),
Digits = (length(Chars) + 1) div 2,
<<N:Digits/unit:8>>.
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%%% -*- erlang-indent-level:4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% @copyright (C) 2017, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc A customisable lexer.
%%% @end
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
-module(aeso_scan_lib).
-export([compile/1, string/3,
token/1, token/2, symbol/0, skip/0,
override/2, push/2, pop/1]).
-export_type([lexer/0, token_spec/0, token_action/0, token/0, pos/0, regex/0]).
%% -- Exported types --
-type regex() :: iodata() | unicode:charlist().
-type pos() :: {integer(), integer()}.
-type lex_state() :: atom().
-type token() :: {atom(), pos(), term()} | {atom(), pos()}.
-type token_spec() :: {regex(), token_action()}.
-opaque token_action() :: fun((string(), pos()) -> {tok_result(), state_change()}).
-opaque lexer() :: [{lex_state(),
fun((string(), pos()) -> {ok, tok_result(), string(), pos()}
| end_of_file | error)}].
%% -- Internal types --
-type tok_result() :: {token, token()} | skip.
-type state_change() :: none | pop | {push, lex_state()}.
%% @doc Compile a lexer specification. Takes the regexps for each state and
%% combines them into a single big regexp that is then compiled with re:compile/1.
%% Note: contrary to lexer generators like leex, we don't have longest match
%% semantics (since this isn't supported by re). Use override/2 instead.
-spec compile([{lex_state(), [token_spec()]}]) -> lexer().
compile(TokenSpecs) ->
[{S, compile_spec(Spec)} || {S, Spec} <- TokenSpecs].
compile_spec(TokenSpecs) ->
WithIxs = lists:zip(lists:seq(1, length(TokenSpecs)), TokenSpecs),
{ok, Regex} = re:compile(["^(", name(0), string:join([ ["(", name(I), R, ")"] || {I, {R, _}} <- WithIxs ], "|"),")"]),
Actions = [ Fun || {_, Fun} <- TokenSpecs ],
fun ("", _Pos) -> end_of_file;
(S, Pos) ->
case re:run(S, Regex, [{capture, all_names}]) of
{match, [{0, N} | Capture]} ->
Index = 1 + length(lists:takewhile(fun({P, _}) -> P == -1 end, Capture)),
Action = lists:nth(Index, Actions),
{TokS, Rest} = lists:split(N, S),
Tok = Action(TokS, Pos),
{ok, Tok, Rest, next_pos(TokS, Pos)};
nomatch ->
error
end
end.
%% @doc Produce a token with the given tag and the matched string as the
%% value.
-spec token(atom()) -> token_action().
token(Tag) ->
token(Tag, fun(X) -> X end).
%% @doc Produce a token with the given tag and the value computed from the
%% matched string using the function.
-spec token(atom(), fun((string()) -> term())) -> token_action().
token(Tag, Fun) ->
fun(S, P) -> {{token, {Tag, P, Fun(S)}}, none} end.
%% @doc Produce a token with the matched string (converted to an atom) as the
%% tag and no value.
-spec symbol() -> token_action().
symbol() ->
fun(S, P) -> {{token, {list_to_atom(S), P}}, none} end.
%% @doc Skip the matched string, producing no token.
-spec skip() -> token_action().
skip() ->
fun(_, _) -> {skip, none} end.
%% @doc Enter the given state and perform the given action. The argument action
%% should not change the state.
-spec push(lex_state(), token_action()) -> token_action().
push(State, Action) ->
fun(S, P) -> {Res, _} = Action(S, P), {Res, {push, State}} end.
%% @doc Exit from the current state and perform the given action. The argument
%% action should not change the state.
-spec pop(token_action()) -> token_action().
pop(Action) ->
fun(S, P) -> {Res, _} = Action(S, P), {Res, pop} end.
%% @doc Match using the first spec, but if the second spec also matches use
%% that one instead. Use this for overlapping tokens (like identifiers and
%% keywords), since matching does not have longest-match semantics.
-spec override(token_spec(), token_spec()) -> token_spec().
override({Re1, Action1}, {Re2, Action2}) ->
{ok, Compiled} = re:compile(["^(", Re2, ")$"]),
{Re1, fun(S, P) ->
case re:run(S, Compiled, [{capture, none}]) of
match -> Action2(S, P);
nomatch -> Action1(S, P)
end end}.
%% @doc Run a lexer. Takes the starting state and the string to lex.
-spec string(lexer(), lex_state(), string()) -> {ok, [token()]} | {error, term()}.
string(Lexer, State, String) -> string(Lexer, [State], String, {1, 1}).
string(Lexer, Stack, String, Pos) ->
Lines = string:split(String, "\n", all),
string(Lexer, Stack, Lines, Pos, []).
string(_Lexers, [], [Line | _Rest], Pos, _Acc) ->
{error, {{Line,Pos}, scan_error_no_state}};
string(_Lexers, _Stack, [], _Pos, Acc) ->
{ok, lists:reverse(Acc)};
string(Lexers, [State | Stack], [Line | Lines], Pos, Acc) ->
Lexer = proplists:get_value(State, Lexers, State),
case Lexer(Line, Pos) of
{ok, {Res, StateChange}, Line1, Pos1} ->
Acc1 = case Res of
{token, Tok} -> [Tok | Acc];
skip -> Acc
end,
Stack1 = case StateChange of
none -> [State | Stack];
pop -> Stack;
{push, State1} -> [State1, State | Stack]
end,
string(Lexers, Stack1, [Line1 | Lines], Pos1, Acc1);
end_of_file -> string(Lexers, [State | Stack], Lines, next_pos("\n", Pos), Acc);
error -> {error, {{Line,Pos}, scan_error}}
end.
%% -- Internal functions -----------------------------------------------------
name(I) ->
io_lib:format("?<A~3.10.0b>", [I]).
-define(TAB_SIZE, 8).
next_pos([], P) -> P;
next_pos([$\n | S], {L, _}) -> next_pos(S, {L + 1, 1});
next_pos([$\t | S], {L, C}) -> next_pos(S, {L, (C + ?TAB_SIZE - 1) div ?TAB_SIZE * ?TAB_SIZE + 1});
next_pos([_ | S], {L, C}) -> next_pos(S, {L, C + 1}).
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%%% -*- erlang-indent-level:4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% @copyright (C) 2017, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc Sophia abstract syntax types.
%%%
%%% @end
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
-module(aeso_syntax).
-export([get_ann/1, get_ann/2, get_ann/3, set_ann/2, qualify/2]).
-export_type([ann_line/0, ann_col/0, ann_origin/0, ann_format/0, ann/0]).
-export_type([name/0, id/0, con/0, qid/0, qcon/0, tvar/0, op/0]).
-export_type([bin_op/0, un_op/0]).
-export_type([decl/0, letbind/0, typedef/0]).
-export_type([arg/0, field_t/0, constructor_t/0, named_arg_t/0]).
-export_type([type/0, constant/0, expr/0, arg_expr/0, field/1, stmt/0, alt/0, lvalue/0, elim/0, pat/0]).
-export_type([ast/0]).
-type ast() :: [decl()].
-type ann_line() :: integer().
-type ann_col() :: integer().
-type ann_origin() :: system | user.
-type ann_format() :: '?:' | hex | infix | prefix | elif.
-type ann() :: [{line, ann_line()} | {col, ann_col()} | {format, ann_format()} | {origin, ann_origin()}].
-type name() :: string().
-type id() :: {id, ann(), name()}.
-type con() :: {con, ann(), name()}.
-type qid() :: {qid, ann(), [name()]}.
-type qcon() :: {qcon, ann(), [name()]}.
-type tvar() :: {tvar, ann(), name()}.
-type decl() :: {contract, ann(), con(), [decl()]}
| {namespace, ann(), con(), [decl()]}
| {type_decl, ann(), id(), [tvar()]}
| {type_def, ann(), id(), [tvar()], typedef()}
| {fun_decl, ann(), id(), type()}
| letbind().
-type letbind()
:: {letval, ann(), id(), type(), expr()}
| {letfun, ann(), id(), [arg()], type(), expr()}
| {letrec, ann(), [letbind()]}.
-type arg() :: {arg, ann(), id(), type()}.
-type typedef()
:: {alias_t, type()}
| {record_t, [field_t()]}
| {variant_t, [constructor_t()]}.
-type field_t() :: {field_t, ann(), id(), type()}.
-type constructor_t() :: {constr_t, ann(), con(), [type()]}.
-type type() :: {fun_t, ann(), [named_arg_t()], [type()], type()}
| {app_t, ann(), type(), [type()]}
| {tuple_t, ann(), [type()]}
| {bytes_t, ann(), integer()}
| id() | qid()
| con() | qcon() %% contracts
| tvar().
-type named_arg_t() :: {named_arg_t, ann(), id(), type(), expr()}.
-type constant()
:: {int, ann(), integer()}
| {bool, ann(), true | false}
| {hash, ann(), binary()}
| {account_pubkey, binary()}
| {contract_pubkey, binary()}
| {oracle_pubkey, binary()}
| {oracle_query_id, binary()}
| {unit, ann()}
| {string, ann(), binary()}
| {char, ann(), integer()}.
-type op() :: bin_op() | un_op().
-type bin_op() :: '+' | '-' | '*' | '/' | mod | '^'
| '++' | '::' | '<' | '>' | '=<' | '>=' | '==' | '!='
| '||' | '&&' | '..'.
-type un_op() :: '-' | '!'.
-type expr()
:: {lam, ann(), [arg()], expr()}
| {'if', ann(), expr(), expr(), expr()}
| {switch, ann(), expr(), [alt()]}
| {app, ann(), expr(), [arg_expr()]}
| {proj, ann(), expr(), id()}
| {tuple, ann(), [expr()]}
| {list, ann(), [expr()]}
| {typed, ann(), expr(), type()}
| {record, ann(), [field(expr())]}
| {record, ann(), expr(), [field(expr())]} %% record update
| {map, ann(), expr(), [field(expr())]} %% map update
| {map, ann(), [{expr(), expr()}]}
| {map_get, ann(), expr(), expr()}
| {map_get, ann(), expr(), expr(), expr()}
| {block, ann(), [stmt()]}
| {op(), ann()}
| id() | qid() | con() | qcon()
| constant().
-type arg_expr() :: expr() | {named_arg, ann(), id(), expr()}.
%% When lvalue is a projection this is sugar for accessing fields in nested
%% records. For instance,
%% r { x.y: 5 }
%% is the same as
%% r { x: r.x { y: 5 } }
-type field(E) :: {field, ann(), lvalue(), E}
| {field, ann(), lvalue(), id(), E}. %% modifying a field (id is previous value)
-type stmt() :: letbind()
| expr().
-type alt() :: {'case', ann(), pat(), expr()}.
-type lvalue() :: nonempty_list(elim()).
-type elim() :: {proj, ann(), id()}
| {map_get, ann(), expr()}
| {map_get, ann(), expr(), expr()}.
-type pat() :: {app, ann(), con() | op(), [pat()]}
| {tuple, ann(), [pat()]}
| {list, ann(), [pat()]}
| {record, ann(), [field(pat())]}
| constant()
| con()
| id().
get_ann(Node) when is_tuple(Node) -> element(2, Node);
get_ann(Ann) when is_list(Ann) -> Ann.
set_ann(Ann1, Node) when is_tuple(Node) -> setelement(2, Node, Ann1);
set_ann(Ann1, Ann) when is_list(Ann) -> Ann1.
get_ann(Key, Node) ->
proplists:get_value(Key, get_ann(Node)).
get_ann(Key, Node, Default) ->
proplists:get_value(Key, get_ann(Node), Default).
qualify({con, Ann, N}, X) -> qualify({qcon, Ann, [N]}, X);
qualify({qcon, _, NS}, {con, Ann, C}) -> {qcon, Ann, NS ++ [C]};
qualify({qcon, _, NS}, {id, Ann, X}) -> {qid, Ann, NS ++ [X]}.
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%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% @copyright (C) 2018, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc
%%% Sophia syntax utilities.
%%% @end
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
-module(aeso_syntax_utils).
-export([used_ids/1, used_types/1, used/1]).
-record(alg, {zero, plus, scoped}).
-type alg(A) :: #alg{ zero :: A
, plus :: fun((A, A) -> A)
, scoped :: fun((A, A) -> A) }.
-type kind() :: decl | type | bind_type | expr | bind_expr.
-spec fold(alg(A), fun((kind(), _) -> A), kind(), E | [E]) -> A
when E :: aeso_syntax:decl()
| aeso_syntax:typedef()
| aeso_syntax:field_t()
| aeso_syntax:constructor_t()
| aeso_syntax:type()
| aeso_syntax:expr()
| aeso_syntax:pat()
| aeso_syntax:arg()
| aeso_syntax:alt()
| aeso_syntax:elim()
| aeso_syntax:arg_expr()
| aeso_syntax:field(aeso_syntax:expr())
| aeso_syntax:stmt().
fold(Alg = #alg{zero = Zero, plus = Plus, scoped = Scoped}, Fun, K, X) ->
Sum = fun(Xs) -> lists:foldl(Plus, Zero, Xs) end,
Same = fun(A) -> fold(Alg, Fun, K, A) end,
Decl = fun(D) -> fold(Alg, Fun, decl, D) end,
Type = fun(T) -> fold(Alg, Fun, type, T) end,
Expr = fun(E) -> fold(Alg, Fun, expr, E) end,
BindExpr = fun(P) -> fold(Alg, Fun, bind_expr, P) end,
BindType = fun(T) -> fold(Alg, Fun, bind_type, T) end,
Top = Fun(K, X),
Bound = fun LB ({letval, _, Y, _, _}) -> BindExpr(Y);
LB ({letfun, _, F, _, _, _}) -> BindExpr(F);
LB ({letrec, _, Ds}) -> Sum(lists:map(LB, Ds));
LB (_) -> Zero
end,
Rec = case X of
%% lists (bound things in head scope over tail)
[A | As] -> Scoped(Same(A), Same(As));
%% decl()
{contract, _, _, Ds} -> Decl(Ds);
{namespace, _, _, Ds} -> Decl(Ds);
{type_decl, _, I, _} -> BindType(I);
{type_def, _, I, _, D} -> Plus(BindType(I), Decl(D));
{fun_decl, _, _, T} -> Type(T);
{letval, _, F, T, E} -> Sum([BindExpr(F), Type(T), Expr(E)]);
{letfun, _, F, Xs, T, E} -> Sum([BindExpr(F), Type(T), Scoped(BindExpr(Xs), Expr(E))]);
{letrec, _, Ds} -> Plus(Bound(Ds), Decl(Ds));
%% typedef()
{alias_t, T} -> Type(T);
{record_t, Fs} -> Type(Fs);
{variant_t, Cs} -> Type(Cs);
%% field_t() and constructor_t()
{field_t, _, _, T} -> Type(T);
{constr_t, _, _, Ts} -> Type(Ts);
%% type()
{fun_t, _, Named, Args, Ret} -> Type([Named, Args, Ret]);
{app_t, _, T, Ts} -> Type([T | Ts]);
{tuple_t, _, Ts} -> Type(Ts);
%% named_arg_t()
{named_arg_t, _, _, T, E} -> Plus(Type(T), Expr(E));
%% expr()
{lam, _, Args, E} -> Scoped(BindExpr(Args), Expr(E));
{'if', _, A, B, C} -> Expr([A, B, C]);
{switch, _, E, Alts} -> Expr([E, Alts]);
{app, _, A, As} -> Expr([A | As]);
{proj, _, E, _} -> Expr(E);
{tuple, _, As} -> Expr(As);
{list, _, As} -> Expr(As);
{typed, _, E, T} -> Plus(Expr(E), Type(T));
{record, _, Fs} -> Expr(Fs);
{record, _, E, Fs} -> Expr([E | Fs]);
{map, _, E, Fs} -> Expr([E | Fs]);
{map, _, KVs} -> Sum([Expr([Key, Val]) || {Key, Val} <- KVs]);
{map_get, _, A, B} -> Expr([A, B]);
{map_get, _, A, B, C} -> Expr([A, B, C]);
{block, _, Ss} -> Expr(Ss);
%% field()
{field, _, LV, E} -> Expr([LV, E]);
{field, _, LV, _, E} -> Expr([LV, E]);
%% arg()
{arg, _, X, T} -> Plus(Expr(X), Type(T));
%% alt()
{'case', _, P, E} -> Scoped(BindExpr(P), Expr(E));
%% elim()
{proj, _, _} -> Zero;
{map_get, _, E} -> Expr(E);
%% arg_expr()
{named_arg, _, _, E} -> Expr(E);
_ -> Alg#alg.zero
end,
(Alg#alg.plus)(Top, Rec).
%% Name dependencies
used_ids(E) ->
[ X || {term, [X]} <- used(E) ].
used_types(T) ->
[ X || {type, [X]} <- used(T) ].
-type entity() :: {term, [string()]}
| {type, [string()]}
| {namespace, [string()]}.
-spec entity_alg() -> alg([entity()]).
entity_alg() ->
IsBound = fun({K, _}) -> lists:member(K, [bound_term, bound_type]) end,
Unbind = fun(bound_term) -> term; (bound_type) -> type end,
Scoped = fun(Xs, Ys) ->
{Bound, Others} = lists:partition(IsBound, Ys),
Bound1 = [ {Unbind(Tag), X} || {Tag, X} <- Bound ],
lists:umerge(Xs -- Bound1, Others)
end,
#alg{ zero = []
, plus = fun lists:umerge/2
, scoped = Scoped }.
-spec used(_) -> [entity()].
used(D) ->
Kind = fun(expr) -> term;
(bind_expr) -> bound_term;
(type) -> type;
(bind_type) -> bound_type
end,
NS = fun(Xs) -> {namespace, lists:droplast(Xs)} end,
NotBound = fun({Tag, _}) -> not lists:member(Tag, [bound_term, bound_type]) end,
Xs =
fold(entity_alg(),
fun(K, {id, _, X}) -> [{Kind(K), [X]}];
(K, {qid, _, Xs}) -> [{Kind(K), Xs}, NS(Xs)];
(K, {con, _, X}) -> [{Kind(K), [X]}];
(K, {qcon, _, Xs}) -> [{Kind(K), Xs}, NS(Xs)];
(_, _) -> []
end, decl, D),
lists:filter(NotBound, Xs).
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%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% @copyright (C) 2018, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc
%%% Sophia utility functions.
%%% @end
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
-module(aeso_utils).
-export([scc/1]).
-export_type([graph/1]).
%% -- Topological sort
-type graph(Node) :: #{Node => [Node]}. %% List of incoming edges (dependencies).
%% Topologically sorted strongly-connected components of a graph.
-spec scc(graph(Node)) -> [{cyclic, [Node]} | {acyclic, Node}].
scc(Graph) ->
Trees = dfs(Graph, lists:reverse(postorder(dff(reverse_graph(Graph))))),
Decode = fun(T) ->
case postorder(T) of
[I] -> case lists:member(I, maps:get(I, Graph, [])) of
true -> {cyclic, [I]};
false -> {acyclic, I}
end;
Is -> {cyclic, Is}
end end,
lists:map(Decode, Trees).
%% Depth first spanning forest of a graph.
dff(Graph) ->
dfs(Graph, maps:keys(Graph)).
dfs(Graph, Vs) ->
{_, Trees} = dfs(Graph, #{}, Vs, []),
Trees.
dfs(_Graph, Visited, [], Trees) -> {Visited, lists:reverse(Trees)};
dfs(Graph, Visited, [V | Vs], Trees) ->
case maps:is_key(V, Visited) of
true -> dfs(Graph, Visited, Vs, Trees);
false ->
{Visited1, Tree} = dfs1(Graph, Visited#{ V => true }, V),
dfs(Graph, Visited1, Vs, [Tree | Trees])
end.
dfs1(Graph, Visited, V) ->
Ws = maps:get(V, Graph, []),
{Visited1, Trees} = dfs(Graph, Visited, Ws, []),
{Visited1, {V, Trees}}.
%% Post-order traversal of a tree/forest.
postorder(Tree = {_, _}) -> postorder([Tree]);
postorder(Trees) when is_list(Trees) -> postorder(Trees, []).
postorder([], Acc) -> Acc;
postorder([{V, Trees1} | Trees], Acc) ->
postorder(Trees1, [V | postorder(Trees, Acc)]).
from_edges(Is, Es) ->
lists:foldl(fun({I, J}, G) ->
maps:update_with(I, fun(Js) -> lists:umerge([J], Js) end, [J], G)
end, maps:from_list([ {I, []} || I <- Is ]), Es).
reverse_graph(G) ->
from_edges(maps:keys(G), [ {J, I} || {I, Js} <- maps:to_list(G), J <- Js ]).
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{application, aesophia,
[{description, "Contract Language for aeternity"},
{vsn, "2.1.0"},
{registered, []},
{applications,
[kernel,
stdlib,
jsx,
syntax_tools,
getopt,
aebytecode
]},
{env,[]},
{modules, []},
{maintainers, []},
{licenses, []},
{links, []}
]}.
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-module(aesophia).
-export([main/1]).
-define(OPT_SPEC,
[ {src_file, undefined, undefined, string, "Sophia source code file"}
, {version, $V, "version", undefined, "Print compiler version"}
, {verbose, $v, "verbose", undefined, "Verbose output"}
, {help, $h, "help", undefined, "Show this message"}
, {outfile, $o, "out", string, "Output file (experimental)"} ]).
usage() ->
getopt:usage(?OPT_SPEC, "aesophia").
main(Args) ->
case getopt:parse(?OPT_SPEC, Args) of
{ok, {Opts, []}} ->
case Opts of
[version] ->
print_vsn();
[help] ->
usage();
_ ->
compile(Opts)
end;
{ok, {_, NonOpts}} ->
io:format("Can't understand ~p\n\n", [NonOpts]),
usage();
{error, {Reason, Data}} ->
io:format("Error: ~s ~p\n\n", [Reason, Data]),
usage()
end.
compile(Opts) ->
case proplists:get_value(src_file, Opts, undefined) of
undefined ->
io:format("Error: no input source file\n\n"),
usage();
File ->
compile(File, Opts)
end.
compile(File, Opts) ->
Verbose = proplists:get_value(verbose, Opts, false),
OutFile = proplists:get_value(outfile, Opts, undefined),
try
Res = aeso_compiler:file(File, [pp_ast || Verbose]),
write_outfile(OutFile, Res),
io:format("\nCompiled successfully!\n")
catch
%% The compiler errors.
error:{type_errors, Errors} ->
io:format("\n~s\n", [string:join(["** Type errors\n" | Errors], "\n")]);
error:{parse_errors, Errors} ->
io:format("\n~s\n", [string:join(["** Parse errors\n" | Errors], "\n")]);
error:{code_errors, Errors} ->
ErrorStrings = [ io_lib:format("~p", [E]) || E <- Errors ],
io:format("\n~s\n", [string:join(["** Code errors\n" | ErrorStrings], "\n")]);
%% General programming errors in the compiler.
error:Error ->
Where = hd(erlang:get_stacktrace()),
ErrorString = io_lib:format("Error: ~p in\n ~p", [Error,Where]),
io:format("\n~s\n", [ErrorString])
end.
write_outfile(undefined, _) -> ok;
write_outfile(Out, ResMap) ->
%% Lazy approach
file:write_file(Out, term_to_binary(ResMap)),
io:format("Output written to: ~s\n", [Out]).
print_vsn() ->
{ok, Vsn} = aeso_compiler:version(),
io:format("Compiler version: ~s\n", [Vsn]).
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-module(aeso_abi_tests).
-include_lib("eunit/include/eunit.hrl").
-compile(export_all).
-define(SANDBOX(Code), sandbox(fun() -> Code end)).
-define(DUMMY_HASH_WORD, 16#123).
-define(DUMMY_HASH, <<0:30/unit:8, 127, 119>>). %% 16#123
-define(DUMMY_HASH_LIT, "#0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000123").
sandbox(Code) ->
Parent = self(),
Tag = make_ref(),
{Pid, Ref} = spawn_monitor(fun() -> Parent ! {Tag, Code()} end),
receive
{Tag, Res} -> erlang:demonitor(Ref, [flush]), {ok, Res};
{'DOWN', Ref, process, Pid, Reason} -> {error, Reason}
after 100 ->
exit(Pid, kill),
{error, loop}
end.
malicious_from_binary_test() ->
CircularList = from_words([32, 1, 32]), %% Xs = 1 :: Xs
{ok, {error, circular_references}} = ?SANDBOX(aeb_heap:from_binary({list, word}, CircularList)),
{ok, {error, {binary_too_short, _}}} = ?SANDBOX(aeb_heap:from_binary(word, <<1, 2, 3, 4>>)),
ok.
from_words(Ws) ->
<< <<(from_word(W))/binary>> || W <- Ws >>.
from_word(W) when is_integer(W) ->
<<W:256>>;
from_word(S) when is_list(S) ->
Len = length(S),
Bin = <<(list_to_binary(S))/binary, 0:(32 - Len)/unit:8>>,
<<Len:256, Bin/binary>>.
encode_decode_test() ->
encode_decode(word, 42),
42 = encode_decode(word, 42),
-1 = encode_decode(signed_word, -1),
<<"Hello world">> = encode_decode(string, <<"Hello world">>),
{} = encode_decode({tuple, []}, {}),
{42} = encode_decode({tuple, [word]}, {42}),
{42, 0} = encode_decode({tuple, [word, word]}, {42, 0}),
[] = encode_decode({list, word}, []),
[32] = encode_decode({list, word}, [32]),
none = encode_decode({option, word}, none),
{some, 1} = encode_decode({option, word}, {some, 1}),
string = encode_decode(typerep, string),
word = encode_decode(typerep, word),
{list, word} = encode_decode(typerep, {list, word}),
{tuple, [word]} = encode_decode(typerep, {tuple, [word]}),
1 = encode_decode(word, 1),
0 = encode_decode(word, 0),
ok.
encode_decode_sophia_test() ->
Check = fun(Type, Str) -> case {encode_decode_sophia_string(Type, Str), Str} of
{X, X} -> ok;
Other -> Other
end end,
ok = Check("int", "42"),
ok = Check("bool", "true"),
ok = Check("bool", "false"),
ok = Check("string", "\"Hello\""),
ok = Check("(string, list(int), option(bool))",
"(\"Hello\", [1, 2, 3], Some(true))"),
ok = Check("variant", "Blue({[\"x\"] = 1})"),
ok = Check("r", "{x = (\"foo\", 0), y = Red}"),
ok.
encode_decode_sophia_string(SophiaType, String) ->
io:format("String ~p~n", [String]),
Code = [ "contract MakeCall =\n"
, " type arg_type = ", SophiaType, "\n"
, " type an_alias('a) = (string, 'a)\n"
, " record r = {x : an_alias(int), y : variant}\n"
, " datatype variant = Red | Blue(map(string, int))\n"
, " function foo : arg_type => arg_type\n" ],
case aeso_compiler:check_call(lists:flatten(Code), "foo", [String], []) of
{ok, _, {[Type], _}, [Arg]} ->
io:format("Type ~p~n", [Type]),
Data = encode(Arg),
case aeso_compiler:to_sophia_value(Code, "foo", ok, Data) of
{ok, Sophia} ->
lists:flatten(io_lib:format("~s", [prettypr:format(aeso_pretty:expr(Sophia))]));
{error, Err} ->
io:format("~s\n", [Err]),
{error, Err}
end;
{error, Err} ->
io:format("~s\n", [Err]),
{error, Err}
end.
calldata_test() ->
[42, <<"foobar">>] = encode_decode_calldata("foo", ["int", "string"], ["42", "\"foobar\""]),
Map = #{ <<"a">> => 4 },
[{variant, 1, [Map]}, {{<<"b">>, 5}, {variant, 0, []}}] =
encode_decode_calldata("foo", ["variant", "r"], ["Blue({[\"a\"] = 4})", "{x = (\"b\", 5), y = Red}"]),
[?DUMMY_HASH_WORD, 16#456] = encode_decode_calldata("foo", ["bytes(32)", "address"],
[?DUMMY_HASH_LIT, "ak_1111111111111111111111111111113AFEFpt5"]),
[?DUMMY_HASH_WORD, ?DUMMY_HASH_WORD] =
encode_decode_calldata("foo", ["bytes(32)", "hash"], [?DUMMY_HASH_LIT, ?DUMMY_HASH_LIT]),
[119, {0, 0}] = encode_decode_calldata("foo", ["int", "signature"], ["119", [$# | lists:duplicate(128, $0)]]),
[16#456] = encode_decode_calldata("foo", ["Remote"], ["ct_1111111111111111111111111111113AFEFpt5"]),
ok.
calldata_init_test() ->
encode_decode_calldata("init", ["int"], ["42"], {tuple, [typerep, word]}),
Code = parameterized_contract("foo", ["int"]),
encode_decode_calldata_(Code, "init", [], {tuple, [typerep, {tuple, []}]}).
calldata_indent_test() ->
Test = fun(Extra) ->
encode_decode_calldata_(
parameterized_contract(Extra, "foo", ["int"]),
"foo", ["42"], word)
end,
Test(" stateful function bla() = ()"),
Test(" type x = int"),
Test(" private function bla : int => int"),
Test(" public stateful function bla(x : int) =\n"
" x + 1"),
Test(" stateful private function bla(x : int) : int =\n"
" x + 1"),
ok.
parameterized_contract(FunName, Types) ->
parameterized_contract([], FunName, Types).
parameterized_contract(ExtraCode, FunName, Types) ->
lists:flatten(
["contract Remote =\n"
" function bla : () => ()\n\n"
"contract Dummy =\n",
ExtraCode, "\n",
" type an_alias('a) = (string, 'a)\n"
" record r = {x : an_alias(int), y : variant}\n"
" datatype variant = Red | Blue(map(string, int))\n"
" function ", FunName, " : (", string:join(Types, ", "), ") => int\n" ]).
oracle_test() ->
Contract =
"contract OracleTest =\n"
" function question(o, q : oracle_query(list(string), option(int))) =\n"
" Oracle.get_question(o, q)\n",
{ok, _, {[word, word], {list, string}}, [16#123, 16#456]} =
aeso_compiler:check_call(Contract, "question", ["ok_111111111111111111111111111111ZrdqRz9",
"oq_1111111111111111111111111111113AFEFpt5"], []),
ok.
permissive_literals_fail_test() ->
Contract =
"contract OracleTest =\n"
" function haxx(o : oracle(list(string), option(int))) =\n"
" Chain.spend(o, 1000000)\n",
{error, <<"Type errors\nCannot unify", _/binary>>} =
aeso_compiler:check_call(Contract, "haxx", ["#123"], []),
ok.
encode_decode_calldata(FunName, Types, Args) ->
encode_decode_calldata(FunName, Types, Args, word).
encode_decode_calldata(FunName, Types, Args, RetType) ->
Code = parameterized_contract(FunName, Types),
encode_decode_calldata_(Code, FunName, Args, RetType).
encode_decode_calldata_(Code, FunName, Args, RetVMType) ->
{ok, Calldata, CalldataType, RetVMType1} = aeso_compiler:create_calldata(Code, FunName, Args),
?assertEqual(RetVMType1, RetVMType),
{ok, {_Hash, ArgTuple}} = aeb_heap:from_binary(CalldataType, Calldata),
case FunName of
"init" ->
ok;
_ ->
{ok, _ArgTypes, ValueASTs} = aeso_compiler:decode_calldata(Code, FunName, Calldata),
Values = [ prettypr:format(aeso_pretty:expr(V)) || V <- ValueASTs ],
?assertMatch({X, X}, {Args, Values})
end,
tuple_to_list(ArgTuple).
encode_decode(T, D) ->
?assertEqual(D, decode(T, encode(D))),
D.
encode(D) ->
aeb_heap:to_binary(D).
decode(T,B) ->
{ok, D} = aeb_heap:from_binary(T, B),
D.
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-module(aeso_aci_tests).
-include_lib("eunit/include/eunit.hrl").
do_test() ->
test_contract(1),
test_contract(2),
test_contract(3).
test_contract(N) ->
{Contract,MapACI,DecACI} = test_cases(N),
{ok,JSON} = aeso_aci:encode(Contract),
?assertEqual(MapACI, jsx:decode(JSON, [return_maps])),
?assertEqual(DecACI, aeso_aci:decode(JSON)).
test_cases(1) ->
Contract = <<"contract C =\n"
" function a(i : int) = i+1\n">>,
MapACI = #{<<"contract">> =>
#{<<"name">> => <<"C">>,
<<"type_defs">> => [],
<<"functions">> =>
[#{<<"name">> => <<"a">>,
<<"arguments">> =>
[#{<<"name">> => <<"i">>,
<<"type">> => <<"int">>}],
<<"returns">> => <<"int">>,
<<"stateful">> => false}]}},
DecACI = <<"contract C =\n"
" function a : (int) => int\n">>,
{Contract,MapACI,DecACI};
test_cases(2) ->
Contract = <<"contract C =\n"
" type allan = int\n"
" function a(i : allan) = i+1\n">>,
MapACI = #{<<"contract">> =>
#{<<"name">> => <<"C">>,
<<"type_defs">> =>
[#{<<"name">> => <<"allan">>,
<<"typedef">> => <<"int">>,
<<"vars">> => []}],
<<"functions">> =>
[#{<<"arguments">> =>
[#{<<"name">> => <<"i">>,
<<"type">> => <<"int">>}],
<<"name">> => <<"a">>,
<<"returns">> => <<"int">>,
<<"stateful">> => false}]}},
DecACI = <<"contract C =\n"
" function a : (int) => int\n">>,
{Contract,MapACI,DecACI};
test_cases(3) ->
Contract = <<"contract C =\n"
" datatype bert('a) = Bin('a)\n"
" function a(i : bert(string)) = 1\n">>,
MapACI = #{<<"contract">> =>
#{<<"functions">> =>
[#{<<"arguments">> =>
[#{<<"name">> => <<"i">>,
<<"type">> =>
#{<<"C.bert">> => [<<"string">>]}}],
<<"name">> => <<"a">>,<<"returns">> => <<"int">>,
<<"stateful">> => false}],
<<"name">> => <<"C">>,
<<"type_defs">> =>
[#{<<"name">> => <<"bert">>,
<<"typedef">> =>
#{<<"variant">> =>
[#{<<"Bin">> => [<<"'a">>]}]},
<<"vars">> => [#{<<"name">> => <<"'a">>}]}]}},
DecACI = <<"contract C =\n"
" datatype bert('a) = Bin('a)\n"
" function a : (C.bert(string)) => int\n">>,
{Contract,MapACI,DecACI}.
+305
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@@ -0,0 +1,305 @@
%%% -*- erlang-indent-level:4; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*-
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% @copyright (C) 2018, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc Test Sophia language compiler.
%%%
%%% @end
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
-module(aeso_compiler_tests).
-compile([export_all, nowarn_export_all]).
-include_lib("eunit/include/eunit.hrl").
%% Very simply test compile the given contracts. Only basic checks
%% are made on the output, just that it is a binary which indicates
%% that the compilation worked.
simple_compile_test_() ->
[ {"Testing the " ++ ContractName ++ " contract",
fun() ->
case compile(ContractName) of
#{byte_code := ByteCode,
contract_source := _,
type_info := _} -> ?assertMatch(Code when is_binary(Code), ByteCode);
ErrBin ->
io:format("\n~s", [ErrBin]),
error(ErrBin)
end
end} || ContractName <- compilable_contracts() ] ++
[ {"Testing error messages of " ++ ContractName,
fun() ->
case compile(ContractName) of
<<"Type errors\n", ErrorString/binary>> ->
check_errors(lists:sort(ExpectedErrors), ErrorString);
<<"Parse errors\n", ErrorString/binary>> ->
check_errors(lists:sort(ExpectedErrors), ErrorString)
end
end} ||
{ContractName, ExpectedErrors} <- failing_contracts() ] ++
[ {"Testing include with explicit files",
fun() ->
FileSystem = maps:from_list(
[ begin
{ok, Bin} = file:read_file(filename:join([aeso_test_utils:contract_path(), File])),
{File, Bin}
end || File <- ["included.aes", "../contracts/included2.aes"] ]),
#{byte_code := Code1} = compile("include", [{include, {explicit_files, FileSystem}}]),
#{byte_code := Code2} = compile("include"),
?assertMatch(true, Code1 == Code2)
end} ] ++
[ {"Testing deadcode elimination",
fun() ->
#{ byte_code := NoDeadCode } = compile("nodeadcode"),
#{ byte_code := DeadCode } = compile("deadcode"),
SizeNoDeadCode = byte_size(NoDeadCode),
SizeDeadCode = byte_size(DeadCode),
?assertMatch({_, _, true}, {SizeDeadCode, SizeNoDeadCode, SizeDeadCode + 40 < SizeNoDeadCode}),
ok
end} ].
check_errors(Expect, ErrorString) ->
%% This removes the final single \n as well.
Actual = binary:split(<<ErrorString/binary,$\n>>, <<"\n\n">>, [global,trim]),
case {Expect -- Actual, Actual -- Expect} of
{[], Extra} -> ?assertMatch({unexpected, []}, {unexpected, Extra});
{Missing, []} -> ?assertMatch({missing, []}, {missing, Missing});
{Missing, Extra} -> ?assertEqual(Missing, Extra)
end.
compile(Name) ->
compile(Name, [{include, {file_system, [aeso_test_utils:contract_path()]}}]).
compile(Name, Options) ->
String = aeso_test_utils:read_contract(Name),
case aeso_compiler:from_string(String, [{src_file, Name} | Options]) of
{ok, Map} -> Map;
{error, ErrorString} -> ErrorString
end.
%% compilable_contracts() -> [ContractName].
%% The currently compilable contracts.
compilable_contracts() ->
["complex_types",
"counter",
"dutch_auction",
"environment",
"factorial",
"fundme",
"identity",
"maps",
"oracles",
"remote_call",
"simple",
"simple_storage",
"spend_test",
"stack",
"test",
"builtin_bug",
"builtin_map_get_bug",
"nodeadcode",
"deadcode",
"variant_types",
"state_handling",
"events",
"include",
"basic_auth",
"bitcoin_auth",
"address_literals"
].
%% Contracts that should produce type errors
failing_contracts() ->
[ {"name_clash",
[<<"Duplicate definitions of abort at\n"
" - (builtin location)\n"
" - line 14, column 3">>,
<<"Duplicate definitions of double_def at\n"
" - line 10, column 3\n"
" - line 11, column 3">>,
<<"Duplicate definitions of double_proto at\n"
" - line 4, column 3\n"
" - line 5, column 3">>,
<<"Duplicate definitions of proto_and_def at\n"
" - line 7, column 3\n"
" - line 8, column 3">>,
<<"Duplicate definitions of put at\n"
" - (builtin location)\n"
" - line 15, column 3">>,
<<"Duplicate definitions of state at\n"
" - (builtin location)\n"
" - line 16, column 3">>]}
, {"type_errors",
[<<"Unbound variable zz at line 17, column 21">>,
<<"Cannot unify int\n"
" and list(int)\n"
"when checking the application at line 26, column 9 of\n"
" (::) : (int, list(int)) => list(int)\n"
"to arguments\n"
" x : int\n"
" x : int">>,
<<"Cannot unify string\n"
" and int\n"
"when checking the assignment of the field\n"
" x : map(string, string) (at line 9, column 46)\n"
"to the old value __x and the new value\n"
" __x {[\"foo\"] @ x = x + 1} : map(string, int)">>,
<<"Cannot unify int\n"
" and string\n"
"when checking the type of the expression at line 34, column 45\n"
" 1 : int\n"
"against the expected type\n"
" string">>,
<<"Cannot unify string\n"
" and int\n"
"when checking the type of the expression at line 34, column 50\n"
" \"bla\" : string\n"
"against the expected type\n"
" int">>,
<<"Cannot unify string\n"
" and int\n"
"when checking the type of the expression at line 32, column 18\n"
" \"x\" : string\n"
"against the expected type\n"
" int">>,
<<"Cannot unify string\n"
" and int\n"
"when checking the type of the expression at line 11, column 56\n"
" \"foo\" : string\n"
"against the expected type\n"
" int">>,
<<"Cannot unify int\n"
" and string\n"
"when comparing the types of the if-branches\n"
" - w : int (at line 38, column 13)\n"
" - z : string (at line 39, column 10)">>,
<<"Not a record type: string\n"
"arising from the projection of the field y (at line 22, column 38)">>,
<<"Not a record type: string\n"
"arising from an assignment of the field y (at line 21, column 42)">>,
<<"Not a record type: string\n"
"arising from an assignment of the field y (at line 20, column 38)">>,
<<"Not a record type: string\n"
"arising from an assignment of the field y (at line 19, column 35)">>,
<<"Ambiguous record type with field y (at line 13, column 25) could be one of\n"
" - r (at line 4, column 10)\n"
" - r' (at line 5, column 10)">>,
<<"Repeated name x in pattern\n"
" x :: x (at line 26, column 7)">>,
<<"No record type with fields y, z (at line 14, column 22)">>,
<<"The field z is missing when constructing an element of type r2 (at line 15, column 24)">>,
<<"Record type r2 does not have field y (at line 15, column 22)">>]}
, {"init_type_error",
[<<"Cannot unify string\n"
" and map(int, int)\n"
"when checking that 'init' returns a value of type 'state' at line 7, column 3">>]}
, {"missing_state_type",
[<<"Cannot unify string\n"
" and ()\n"
"when checking that 'init' returns a value of type 'state' at line 5, column 3">>]}
, {"missing_fields_in_record_expression",
[<<"The field x is missing when constructing an element of type r('a) (at line 7, column 40)">>,
<<"The field y is missing when constructing an element of type r(int) (at line 8, column 40)">>,
<<"The fields y, z are missing when constructing an element of type r('1) (at line 6, column 40)">>]}
, {"namespace_clash",
[<<"The contract Call (at line 4, column 10) has the same name as a namespace at (builtin location)">>]}
, {"bad_events",
[<<"The payload type int (at line 10, column 30) should be string">>,
<<"The payload type alias_address (at line 12, column 30) equals address but it should be string">>,
<<"The indexed type string (at line 9, column 25) is not a word type">>,
<<"The indexed type alias_string (at line 11, column 25) equals string which is not a word type">>]}
, {"bad_events2",
[<<"The event constructor BadEvent1 (at line 9, column 7) has too many non-indexed values (max 1)">>,
<<"The event constructor BadEvent2 (at line 10, column 7) has too many indexed values (max 3)">>,
<<"The event constructor BadEvent3 (at line 11, column 7) has too many non-indexed values (max 1)">>,
<<"The payload type address (at line 11, column 17) should be string">>,
<<"The payload type int (at line 11, column 26) should be string">>]}
, {"type_clash",
[<<"Cannot unify int\n"
" and string\n"
"when checking the record projection at line 12, column 40\n"
" r.foo : (gas : int, value : int) => Remote.themap\n"
"against the expected type\n"
" (gas : int, value : int) => map(string, int)">>]}
, {"bad_include_and_ns",
[<<"Include of 'included.aes' at line 2, column 11\nnot allowed, include only allowed at top level.">>,
<<"Nested namespace not allowed\nNamespace 'Foo' at line 3, column 13 not defined at top level.">>]}
, {"bad_address_literals",
[<<"The type bytes(32) is not a contract type\n"
"when checking that the contract literal at line 32, column 5\n"
" ct_Ez6MyeTMm17YnTnDdHTSrzMEBKmy7Uz2sXu347bTDPgVH2ifJ\n"
"has the type\n"
" bytes(32)">>,
<<"The type oracle(int, bool) is not a contract type\n"
"when checking that the contract literal at line 30, column 5\n"
" ct_Ez6MyeTMm17YnTnDdHTSrzMEBKmy7Uz2sXu347bTDPgVH2ifJ\n"
"has the type\n"
" oracle(int, bool)">>,
<<"The type address is not a contract type\n"
"when checking that the contract literal at line 28, column 5\n"
" ct_Ez6MyeTMm17YnTnDdHTSrzMEBKmy7Uz2sXu347bTDPgVH2ifJ\n"
"has the type\n"
" address">>,
<<"Cannot unify oracle_query('1, '2)\n"
" and Remote\n"
"when checking the type of the expression at line 25, column 5\n"
" oq_2oRvyowJuJnEkxy58Ckkw77XfWJrmRgmGaLzhdqb67SKEL1gPY :\n"
" oracle_query('1, '2)\n"
"against the expected type\n"
" Remote">>,
<<"Cannot unify oracle_query('3, '4)\n"
" and bytes(32)\n"
"when checking the type of the expression at line 23, column 5\n"
" oq_2oRvyowJuJnEkxy58Ckkw77XfWJrmRgmGaLzhdqb67SKEL1gPY :\n"
" oracle_query('3, '4)\n"
"against the expected type\n"
" bytes(32)">>,
<<"Cannot unify oracle_query('5, '6)\n"
" and oracle(int, bool)\n"
"when checking the type of the expression at line 21, column 5\n"
" oq_2oRvyowJuJnEkxy58Ckkw77XfWJrmRgmGaLzhdqb67SKEL1gPY :\n"
" oracle_query('5, '6)\n"
"against the expected type\n"
" oracle(int, bool)">>,
<<"Cannot unify oracle('7, '8)\n"
" and Remote\n"
"when checking the type of the expression at line 18, column 5\n"
" ok_2YNyxd6TRJPNrTcEDCe9ra59SVUdp9FR9qWC5msKZWYD9bP9z5 :\n"
" oracle('7, '8)\n"
"against the expected type\n"
" Remote">>,
<<"Cannot unify oracle('9, '10)\n"
" and bytes(32)\n"
"when checking the type of the expression at line 16, column 5\n"
" ok_2YNyxd6TRJPNrTcEDCe9ra59SVUdp9FR9qWC5msKZWYD9bP9z5 :\n"
" oracle('9, '10)\n"
"against the expected type\n"
" bytes(32)">>,
<<"Cannot unify oracle('11, '12)\n"
" and oracle_query(int, bool)\n"
"when checking the type of the expression at line 14, column 5\n"
" ok_2YNyxd6TRJPNrTcEDCe9ra59SVUdp9FR9qWC5msKZWYD9bP9z5 :\n"
" oracle('11, '12)\n"
"against the expected type\n"
" oracle_query(int, bool)">>,
<<"Cannot unify address\n"
" and oracle(int, bool)\n"
"when checking the type of the expression at line 11, column 5\n"
" ak_2gx9MEFxKvY9vMG5YnqnXWv1hCsX7rgnfvBLJS4aQurustR1rt : address\n"
"against the expected type\n"
" oracle(int, bool)">>,
<<"Cannot unify address\n"
" and Remote\n"
"when checking the type of the expression at line 9, column 5\n"
" ak_2gx9MEFxKvY9vMG5YnqnXWv1hCsX7rgnfvBLJS4aQurustR1rt : address\n"
"against the expected type\n"
" Remote">>,
<<"Cannot unify address\n"
" and bytes(32)\n"
"when checking the type of the expression at line 7, column 5\n"
" ak_2gx9MEFxKvY9vMG5YnqnXWv1hCsX7rgnfvBLJS4aQurustR1rt : address\n"
"against the expected type\n"
" bytes(32)">>]}
].
+22
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
-module(aeso_eunit_SUITE).
-compile([export_all, nowarn_export_all]).
-include_lib("common_test/include/ct.hrl").
all() ->
[{group, eunit}].
groups() ->
[{eunit, [], [ aeso_scan_tests
, aeso_parser_tests
, aeso_compiler_tests
, aeso_abi_tests
, aeso_aci_tests
]}].
aeso_scan_tests(_Config) -> ok = eunit:test(aeso_scan_tests).
aeso_parser_tests(_Config) -> ok = eunit:test(aeso_parser_tests).
aeso_compiler_tests(_Config) -> ok = eunit:test(aeso_compiler_tests).
aeso_abi_tests(_Config) -> ok = eunit:test(aeso_abi_tests).
aeso_aci_tests(_Config) -> ok = eunit:test(aeso_aci_tests).
+111
View File
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
-module(aeso_parser_tests).
-export([parse_contract/1]).
-include_lib("eunit/include/eunit.hrl").
simple_contracts_test_() ->
{foreach,
fun() -> ok end,
fun(_) -> ok end,
[{"Parse a contract with an identity function.",
fun() ->
Text = "contract Identity =\n"
" function id(x) = x\n",
?assertMatch(
[{contract, _, {con, _, "Identity"},
[{letfun, _, {id, _, "id"}, [{arg, _, {id, _, "x"}, {id, _, "_"}}], {id, _, "_"},
{id, _, "x"}}]}], parse_string(Text)),
ok
end},
{"Operator precedence test.",
fun() ->
NoPar = fun NoPar(X) when is_atom(X) -> atom_to_list(X);
NoPar({A, Op, B}) -> lists:concat([NoPar(A), " ", Op, " ", NoPar(B)]);
NoPar({Op, A}) -> lists:concat([Op, " ", NoPar(A)])
end,
Par = fun Par(X) when is_atom(X) -> atom_to_list(X);
Par({A, Op, B}) -> lists:concat(["(", Par(A), " ", Op, " ", Par(B), ")"]);
Par({Op, A}) -> lists:concat(["(", Op, " ", Par(A), ")"])
end,
Parse = fun(S) ->
try remove_line_numbers(parse_expr(S))
catch _:_ -> ?assertMatch(ok, {parse_fail, S}) end
end,
CheckParens = fun(Expr) ->
?assertEqual(Parse(NoPar(Expr)), Parse(Par(Expr)))
end,
LeftAssoc = fun(Op) -> CheckParens({{a, Op, b}, Op, c}) end,
RightAssoc = fun(Op) -> CheckParens({a, Op, {b, Op, c}}) end,
NonAssoc = fun(Op) ->
OpAtom = list_to_atom(Op),
?assertError({error, {_, parse_error, _}},
parse_expr(NoPar({a, Op, {b, Op, c}}))) end,
Stronger = fun(Op1, Op2) ->
CheckParens({{a, Op1, b}, Op2, c}),
CheckParens({a, Op2, {b, Op1, c}})
end,
Tiers = [["||"], ["&&"], ["==", "!=", "<", ">", "=<", ">="], ["::", "++"],
["+", "-"], ["*", "/", "mod"]],
%% associativity
[ RightAssoc(Op) || Op <- ["||", "&&", "::", "++"] ],
[ NonAssoc(Op) || Op <- ["==", "!=", "<", ">", "=<", ">="] ],
[ LeftAssoc(Op) || Op <- ["+", "-", "*", "/", "mod"] ],
%% precedence
[ Stronger(Op2, Op1) || [T1 , T2 | _] <- tails(Tiers), Op1 <- T1, Op2 <- T2 ],
ok
end}
] ++
%% Parse tests of example contracts
[ {lists:concat(["Parse the ", Contract, " contract."]),
fun() -> roundtrip_contract(Contract) end}
|| Contract <- [counter, voting, all_syntax, '05_greeter', aeproof, multi_sig, simple_storage, withdrawal, fundme, dutch_auction] ]
}.
parse_contract(Name) ->
parse_string(aeso_test_utils:read_contract(Name)).
roundtrip_contract(Name) ->
round_trip(aeso_test_utils:read_contract(Name)).
parse_string(Text) ->
case aeso_parser:string(Text) of
{ok, Contract} -> Contract;
Err -> error(Err)
end.
parse_expr(Text) ->
[{letval, _, _, _, Expr}] =
parse_string("let _ = " ++ Text),
Expr.
round_trip(Text) ->
Contract = parse_string(Text),
Text1 = prettypr:format(aeso_pretty:decls(Contract)),
Contract1 = parse_string(Text1),
NoSrcLoc = remove_line_numbers(Contract),
NoSrcLoc1 = remove_line_numbers(Contract1),
?assertMatch(NoSrcLoc, diff(NoSrcLoc, NoSrcLoc1)).
remove_line_numbers({line, _L}) -> {line, 0};
remove_line_numbers({col, _C}) -> {col, 0};
remove_line_numbers([H|T]) ->
[remove_line_numbers(H) | remove_line_numbers(T)];
remove_line_numbers(T) when is_tuple(T) ->
list_to_tuple(remove_line_numbers(tuple_to_list(T)));
remove_line_numbers(M) when is_map(M) ->
maps:from_list(remove_line_numbers(maps:to_list(M)));
remove_line_numbers(X) -> X.
diff(X, X) -> X;
diff([H | T], [H1 | T1]) ->
[diff(H, H1) | diff(T, T1)];
diff(T, T1) when tuple_size(T) == tuple_size(T1) ->
list_to_tuple(diff(tuple_to_list(T), tuple_to_list(T1)));
diff(X, Y) -> {X, '/=', Y}.
tails(Zs) -> lists:foldr(fun(X, [Xs|Xss]) -> [[X|Xs], Xs | Xss] end, [[]], Zs).

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