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@@ -562,9 +562,8 @@
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<p>Single line comments start with <code>//</code> and block comments are enclosed in <code>/*</code>
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and <code>*/</code> and can be nested.</p>
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<h3 id="keywords">Keywords</h3>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code>contract elif else entrypoint false function if import include let mod namespace
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private payable stateful switch true type record datatype main interface
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</code></pre></div>
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<p><code>contract elif else entrypoint false function if import include let mod namespace
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private payable stateful switch true type record datatype main interface</code></p>
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<h3 id="tokens">Tokens</h3>
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<ul>
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<li><code>Id = [a-z_][A-Za-z0-9_']*</code> identifiers start with a lower case letter.</li>
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@@ -642,13 +641,13 @@ indented more than the currently enclosing layout block. Blocks with a single
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element can be written on the same line as the previous token.</p>
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<p>Each element of the block must share the same indentation and no part of an
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element may be indented less than the indentation of the block. For instance</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">contract</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Layout</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"></span>
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<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// no layout</span>
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<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">bar</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// layout block starts on next line</span>
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<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">foo</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// indented more than 2 spaces</span>
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<span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"></span>
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<span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// the '+' is indented more than the 'x'</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p><code>sophia
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contract Layout =
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function foo() = 0 // no layout
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function bar() = // layout block starts on next line
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let x = foo() // indented more than 2 spaces
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x
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+ 1 // the '+' is indented more than the 'x'</code></p>
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<h2 id="notation">Notation</h2>
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<p>In describing the syntax below, we use the following conventions:</p>
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<ul>
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@@ -667,130 +666,121 @@ element may be indented less than the indentation of the block. For instance</p>
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</ul>
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<h2 id="declarations">Declarations</h2>
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<p>A Sophia file consists of a sequence of <em>declarations</em> in a layout block.</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">File</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">TopDecl</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
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<span class="n">TopDecl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">payable</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">contract</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Con</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Decl</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
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<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">namespace</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Con</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Decl</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
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<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'@</span><span class="n">compiler</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">PragmaOp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Version</span><span class="w"></span>
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<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">include</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"></span>
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<span class="n">Decl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">type</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="sc">'('</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TVar</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">')'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TypeAlias</span><span class="w"></span>
|
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<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">record</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="sc">'('</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TVar</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">')'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">RecordType</span><span class="w"></span>
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||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">datatype</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="sc">'('</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TVar</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">')'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">DataType</span><span class="w"></span>
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<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">EModifier</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">entrypoint</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">FModifier</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">function</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FunDecl</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
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||||
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<span class="n">FunDecl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">':'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Type signature</span>
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<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="sc">':'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Definition</span>
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<span class="n">PragmaOp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'<'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">=<</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'>'</span><span class="w"></span>
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<span class="n">Version</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'.'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
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<span class="n">EModifier</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">payable</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">stateful</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"></span>
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||||
<span class="n">FModifier</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">stateful</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">private</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"></span>
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||||
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<span class="n">Args</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'('</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Pattern</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">','</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">')'</span><span class="w"></span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>```c
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File ::= Block(TopDecl)</p>
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<p>TopDecl ::= ['payable'] 'contract' Con '=' Block(Decl)
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| 'namespace' Con '=' Block(Decl)
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| '@compiler' PragmaOp Version
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| 'include' String</p>
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<p>Decl ::= 'type' Id ['(' TVar<em> ')'] '=' TypeAlias
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| 'record' Id ['(' TVar</em> ')'] '=' RecordType
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| 'datatype' Id ['(' TVar<em> ')'] '=' DataType
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| (EModifier</em> 'entrypoint' | FModifier* 'function') Block(FunDecl)</p>
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<p>FunDecl ::= Id ':' Type // Type signature
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| Id Args [':' Type] '=' Block(Stmt) // Definition</p>
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<p>PragmaOp ::= '<' | '=<' | '==' | '>=' | '>'
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Version ::= Sep1(Int, '.')</p>
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<p>EModifier ::= 'payable' | 'stateful'
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FModifier ::= 'stateful' | 'private'</p>
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||||
<p>Args ::= '(' Sep(Pattern, ',') ')'
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```</p>
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<p>Contract declarations must appear at the top-level.</p>
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<p>For example,
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">contract</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Test</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"></span>
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<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"></span>
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<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">entrypoint</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">add</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">+</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"></span>
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||||
</code></pre></div></p>
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<code>sophia
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||||
contract Test =
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||||
type t = int
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||||
entrypoint add (x : t, y : t) = x + y</code></p>
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||||
<p>There are three forms of type declarations: type aliases (declared with the
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<code>type</code> keyword), record type definitions (<code>record</code>) and data type definitions
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||||
(<code>datatype</code>):</p>
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">TypeAlias</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="w"></span>
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||||
<span class="n">RecordType</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'{'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FieldType</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">','</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'}'</span><span class="w"></span>
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||||
<span class="n">DataType</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ConDecl</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'|'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
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<span class="n">FieldType</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">':'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="w"></span>
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<span class="n">ConDecl</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Con</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="sc">'('</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep1</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">','</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">')'</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
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</code></pre></div>
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<p>```c
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TypeAlias ::= Type
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RecordType ::= '{' Sep(FieldType, ',') '}'
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DataType ::= Sep1(ConDecl, '|')</p>
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<p>FieldType ::= Id ':' Type
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ConDecl ::= Con ['(' Sep1(Type, ',') ')']
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```</p>
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<p>For example,
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<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">record</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">'a</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">'a</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">'a</span><span class="p">}</span><span class="w"></span>
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||||
<span class="k">datatype</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">'a</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Circle</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">'a</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nv">'a</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Rect</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">'a</span><span class="p">),</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">point</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">'a</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"></span>
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||||
<span class="k">type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">int_shape</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||||
<code>sophia
|
||||
record point('a) = {x : 'a, y : 'a}
|
||||
datatype shape('a) = Circle(point('a), 'a) | Rect(point('a), point('a))
|
||||
type int_shape = shape(int)</code></p>
|
||||
<h2 id="types">Types</h2>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">Type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Domain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">=></span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Function type</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'('</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">','</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">')'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Type application</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'('</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">')'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Parens</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">unit</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'*'</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Tuples</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QId</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">TVar</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="n">Domain</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Single argument</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'('</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">','</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">')'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Multiple arguments</span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
<p>```c
|
||||
Type ::= Domain '=>' Type // Function type
|
||||
| Type '(' Sep(Type, ',') ')' // Type application
|
||||
| '(' Type ')' // Parens
|
||||
| 'unit' | Sep(Type, '*') // Tuples
|
||||
| Id | QId | TVar</p>
|
||||
<p>Domain ::= Type // Single argument
|
||||
| '(' Sep(Type, ',') ')' // Multiple arguments
|
||||
```</p>
|
||||
<p>The function type arrow associates to the right.</p>
|
||||
<p>Example,
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="nv">'a</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">'a</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">list</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">'a</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div></p>
|
||||
<code>sophia
|
||||
'a => list('a) => (int * list('a))</code></p>
|
||||
<h2 id="statements">Statements</h2>
|
||||
<p>Function bodies are blocks of <em>statements</em>, where a statement is one of the following</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="k">switch</span><span class="sc">' '</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">')'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Case</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="k">if</span><span class="sc">' '</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">')'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">elif</span><span class="sc">' '</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">')'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="k">else</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">let</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LetDef</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="n">LetDef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Args</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="sc">':'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Function definition</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pattern</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Value definition</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="n">Case</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pattern</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">=></span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="n">Pattern</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
<p>```c
|
||||
Stmt ::= 'switch' '(' Expr ')' Block(Case)
|
||||
| 'if' '(' Expr ')' Block(Stmt)
|
||||
| 'elif' '(' Expr ')' Block(Stmt)
|
||||
| 'else' Block(Stmt)
|
||||
| 'let' LetDef
|
||||
| Expr</p>
|
||||
<p>LetDef ::= Id Args [':' Type] '=' Block(Stmt) // Function definition
|
||||
| Pattern '=' Block(Stmt) // Value definition</p>
|
||||
<p>Case ::= Pattern '=>' Block(Stmt)
|
||||
Pattern ::= Expr
|
||||
```</p>
|
||||
<p><code>if</code> statements can be followed by zero or more <code>elif</code> statements and an optional final <code>else</code> statement. For example,</p>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="k">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">x</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">:</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="k">switch</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">f</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">))</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">None</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="nf">Some</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">=></span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow">></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"too big"</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">elif</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="ow"><</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"too small"</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="k">else</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"just right"</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
<p><code>sophia
|
||||
let x : int = 4
|
||||
switch(f(x))
|
||||
None => 0
|
||||
Some(y) =>
|
||||
if(y > 10)
|
||||
"too big"
|
||||
elif(y < 3)
|
||||
"too small"
|
||||
else
|
||||
"just right"</code></p>
|
||||
<h2 id="expressions">Expressions</h2>
|
||||
<div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'('</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LamArgs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">')'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">=></span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Block</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Stmt</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Anonymous function (x) => x + 1</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="k">if</span><span class="sc">' '</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">')'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="k">else</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// If expression if(x < y) y else x</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">':'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Type annotation 5 : int</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">BinOp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Binary operator x + y</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">UnOp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Unary operator ! b</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'('</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">','</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">')'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Application f(x, y)</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'.'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Projection state.x</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'['</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">']'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Map lookup map[key]</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'{'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FieldUpdate</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">','</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'}'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Record or map update r{ fld[key].x = y }</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'['</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">','</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">']'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// List [1, 2, 3]</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'['</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'|'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">Generator</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">','</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">']'</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// List comprehension [k | x <- [1], if (f(x)), let k = x+1]</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'['</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="p">..</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">']'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// List range [1..n]</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'{'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">FieldUpdate</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">','</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'}'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Record or map value {x = 0, y = 1}, {[key] = val}</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'('</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">')'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Parens (1 + 2) * 3</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Con</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QId</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">QCon</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Identifiers x, None, Map.member, AELib.Token</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Int</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Bytes</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">String</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Char</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Literals 123, 0xff, #00abc123, "foo", '%'</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">AccountAddress</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">ContractAddress</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Chain identifiers</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OracleAddress</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">OracleQueryId</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Chain identifiers</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="n">Generator</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Pattern</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o"><-</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Generator</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="k">if</span><span class="sc">' '</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">')'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Guard</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">LetDef</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Definition</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="n">LamArgs</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'('</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Sep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">LamArg</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">','</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">')'</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="n">LamArg</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">[</span><span class="sc">':'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Type</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="n">FieldUpdate</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'='</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="n">Path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Record field</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'['</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">']'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Map key</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'.'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Id</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Nested record field</span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Path</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'['</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">Expr</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">']'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Nested map key</span>
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="n">BinOp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">||</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">&&</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'<'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'>'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">=<</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">>=</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">==</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">!=</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">::</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'+'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'-'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'*'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'/'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="n">mod</span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'^'</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="err">'</span><span class="o">|></span><span class="err">'</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
<span class="n">UnOp</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">::=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'-'</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">|</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="sc">'!'</span><span class="w"></span>
|
||||
</code></pre></div>
|
||||
<p>```c
|
||||
Expr ::= '(' LamArgs ')' '=>' Block(Stmt) // Anonymous function (x) => x + 1
|
||||
| 'if' '(' Expr ')' Expr 'else' Expr // If expression if(x < y) y else x
|
||||
| Expr ':' Type // Type annotation 5 : int
|
||||
| Expr BinOp Expr // Binary operator x + y
|
||||
| UnOp Expr // Unary operator ! b
|
||||
| Expr '(' Sep(Expr, ',') ')' // Application f(x, y)
|
||||
| Expr '.' Id // Projection state.x
|
||||
| Expr '[' Expr ']' // Map lookup map[key]
|
||||
| Expr '{' Sep(FieldUpdate, ',') '}' // Record or map update r{ fld[key].x = y }
|
||||
| '[' Sep(Expr, ',') ']' // List [1, 2, 3]
|
||||
| '[' Expr '|' Sep(Generator, ',') ']'
|
||||
// List comprehension [k | x <- [1], if (f(x)), let k = x+1]
|
||||
| '[' Expr '..' Expr ']' // List range [1..n]
|
||||
| '{' Sep(FieldUpdate, ',') '}' // Record or map value {x = 0, y = 1}, {[key] = val}
|
||||
| '(' Expr ')' // Parens (1 + 2) * 3
|
||||
| Id | Con | QId | QCon // Identifiers x, None, Map.member, AELib.Token
|
||||
| Int | Bytes | String | Char // Literals 123, 0xff, #00abc123, "foo", '%'
|
||||
| AccountAddress | ContractAddress // Chain identifiers
|
||||
| OracleAddress | OracleQueryId // Chain identifiers</p>
|
||||
<p>Generator ::= Pattern '<-' Expr // Generator
|
||||
| 'if' '(' Expr ')' // Guard
|
||||
| LetDef // Definition</p>
|
||||
<p>LamArgs ::= '(' Sep(LamArg, ',') ')'
|
||||
LamArg ::= Id [':' Type]</p>
|
||||
<p>FieldUpdate ::= Path '=' Expr
|
||||
Path ::= Id // Record field
|
||||
| '[' Expr ']' // Map key
|
||||
| Path '.' Id // Nested record field
|
||||
| Path '[' Expr ']' // Nested map key</p>
|
||||
<p>BinOp ::= '||' | '&&' | '<' | '>' | '=<' | '>=' | '==' | '!='
|
||||
| '::' | '++' | '+' | '-' | '*' | '/' | 'mod' | '^'
|
||||
| '|>'
|
||||
UnOp ::= '-' | '!'
|
||||
```</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="operators-types">Operators types</h2>
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<thead>
|
||||
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user