GH-196 pattern matching lhs (#210)

* Allow block with separate type signature and definition of a function

For instance,
```
function
  add : (int, int) => int
  add(x, y) = x + y
```

cc #196

* Allow pattern matching in left-hand sides

* Changelog

* Fix type spec

* partial case-on-constructor

* Changelog for pattern-matching lets

test/contracts/factorial.aes

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ contract Factorial =
 
   stateful entrypoint set_worker(worker) = put(state{worker = worker})
 
-  entrypoint fac(x : int) : int =
-    if(x == 0) 1
-    else x * state.worker.fac(x - 1)
-
+  entrypoint
+    fac : int => int
+    fac(0) = 1
+    fac(x) = x * state.worker.fac(x - 1)

test/contracts/lhs_matching.aes

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+contract LHSMatching =
+
+  function from_some(Some(x)) = x
+
+  function
+    length : list('a) => int
+    length([])      = 0
+    length(_ :: xs) = 1 + length(xs)
+
+  function
+    append([], ys)      = ys
+    append(x :: xs, ys) = x :: append(xs, ys)
+
+  function local_match(xs : list('a)) =
+    let null([])     = true
+    let null(_ :: _) = false
+    !null(xs)
+
+  entrypoint main() =
+    from_some(Some([0]))
+      ++ append([length([true]), 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])
+      ++ [7 | if (local_match([false]))]

test/contracts/stack.aes

@@ -8,10 +8,9 @@ contract Stack =
 
   entrypoint init(ss : list(string)) = { stack = ss, size = length(ss) }
 
-  function length(xs) =
-    switch(xs)
-      [] => 0
-      _ :: xs => length(xs) + 1
+  function
+    length([])      = 0
+    length(_ :: xs) = length(xs) + 1
 
   stateful entrypoint pop() : string =
     switch(state.stack)