/**
 * Base58 encoding/decoding
 */

export {
    encode,
    decode
}



//=============================================================================
// ENCODING
//=============================================================================

/**
 * Encode a Uint8Array into base58
 */
function
encode
    (binary : Uint8Array)
    : string
{
    let num_leading_zeros : number     = nlz(binary);
    let rest              : Uint8Array = binary.slice(num_leading_zeros);
    let ones              : string     = encode_zeros(num_leading_zeros);
    let rest_b58          : string     = encode_rest(rest);
    let result            : string     = ones + rest_b58;
    return result;
}



/**
 * count the number of leading zeros in a uint8array
 *
 * @internal
 */
function
nlz
    (bytes: Uint8Array)
    : number
{
    let n = 0;
    for (let this_byte of bytes)
    {
        if (0 === this_byte) { n++;   }
        else                 { break; }
    }
    return n;
}



/**
 * Generate a bunch of '1's for however many leading zeros there are
 *
 * @internal
 */
function
encode_zeros
    (how_many : number)
    : string
{
    let ones : string = '';
    for (let i  = 1;
             i <= how_many;
             i++)
    {
        ones += '1';
    }

    return ones;
}



/**
 * Encode a Uint8Array that has no leading zeros
 *
 * @internal
 */
function
encode_rest
    (bytes : Uint8Array)
    : string
{
    let bytes_bignum : bigint = bytes_to_bigint(bytes);
    let result       : string = bignum_to_base58(bytes_bignum);
    return result;
}



/**
 * Convert a bytestring to a bignum
 *
 * @internal
 */
function
bytes_to_bigint
    (bytes: Uint8Array)
    : bigint
{
    let acc_bigint : bigint = 0n;
    for(let this_byte of bytes)
    {
        acc_bigint <<= 8n;
        acc_bigint  += BigInt(this_byte);
    }
    return acc_bigint;
}



/**
 * Convert a BigInt to Base58
 *
 * @internal
 */
function
bignum_to_base58
    (q: bigint)
    : string
{
    let s = '';
    while (q !== 0n)
    {
        let this_n        : bigint = q % 58n;
        q /= 58n;

        let this_b58_char : string = bigint_to_char(this_n);
        s = this_b58_char + s;
    }
    return s;
}



//=============================================================================
// DECODING
//=============================================================================

/**
 * Decode a Base58 string into a Uint8Array
 */
function
decode
    (base58: string)
    : Uint8Array
{
    let num_leading_ones : number        = nlo(base58);
    let rest             : string        = base58.slice(num_leading_ones);
    let zeros            : Array<number> = decode_ones(num_leading_ones);
    let rest_arr         : Array<number> = decode_rest(rest);
    let pre_result       : Array<number> = zeros.concat(rest_arr);
    return new Uint8Array(pre_result);
}



/**
 * count the number of leading 1 characters in a uint8array
 *
 * @internal
 */
function
nlo
    (base58: string)
    : number
{
    let n = 0;
    for (let this_char of base58)
    {
        if ('1' === this_char) { n++;   }
        else                   { break; }
    }
    return n;
}



/**
 * Generate a bunch of '0's for however many leading ones there are
 *
 * @internal
 */
function
decode_ones
    (how_many : number)
    : Array<number>
{
    let zeros : Array<number> = [];
    for (let i  = 1;
             i <= how_many;
             i++)
    {
        zeros.push(0);
    }

    return zeros;
}



/**
 * Decode a string that has no leading 1s
 *
 * @internal
 */
function
decode_rest
    (base58: string)
    : Array<number>
{
    let result_bignum : bigint        = base58_to_bigint(base58);
    let result        : Array<number> = bigint_to_base256(result_bignum);
    return result;
}



/**
 * Convert a base58 string to a bignum
 *
 * @internal
 */
function
base58_to_bigint
    (base58: string)
    : bigint
{
    let acc_bigint : bigint = 0n;
    for(let this_char of base58)
    {
        acc_bigint *= 58n;
        acc_bigint += char_to_bigint(this_char);
    }
    return acc_bigint;
}


/**
 * convert a bignum into a byte array
 *
 * @end
 */
function
bigint_to_base256
    (q: bigint)
    : Array<number>
{
    let arr_reverse = [];
    while(q !== 0n)
    {
        let r: number = Number(q % 256n);
        q /= 256n;
        arr_reverse.push(r);
    }
    arr_reverse.reverse();
    return arr_reverse;
}


//=============================================================================
// TRANSLATION TABLES
//=============================================================================


/**
 * Base58 integer -> character conversion table
 *
 * @internal
 */
function
bigint_to_char
    (n: bigint)
    : string
{
    switch(n) {
        case  0n: return '1';
        case  1n: return '2';
        case  2n: return '3';
        case  3n: return '4';
        case  4n: return '5';
        case  5n: return '6';
        case  6n: return '7';
        case  7n: return '8';
        case  8n: return '9';
        case  9n: return 'A';
        case 10n: return 'B';
        case 11n: return 'C';
        case 12n: return 'D';
        case 13n: return 'E';
        case 14n: return 'F';
        case 15n: return 'G';
        case 16n: return 'H';
        case 17n: return 'J';
        case 18n: return 'K';
        case 19n: return 'L';
        case 20n: return 'M';
        case 21n: return 'N';
        case 22n: return 'P';
        case 23n: return 'Q';
        case 24n: return 'R';
        case 25n: return 'S';
        case 26n: return 'T';
        case 27n: return 'U';
        case 28n: return 'V';
        case 29n: return 'W';
        case 30n: return 'X';
        case 31n: return 'Y';
        case 32n: return 'Z';
        case 33n: return 'a';
        case 34n: return 'b';
        case 35n: return 'c';
        case 36n: return 'd';
        case 37n: return 'e';
        case 38n: return 'f';
        case 39n: return 'g';
        case 40n: return 'h';
        case 41n: return 'i';
        case 42n: return 'j';
        case 43n: return 'k';
        case 44n: return 'm';
        case 45n: return 'n';
        case 46n: return 'o';
        case 47n: return 'p';
        case 48n: return 'q';
        case 49n: return 'r';
        case 50n: return 's';
        case 51n: return 't';
        case 52n: return 'u';
        case 53n: return 'v';
        case 54n: return 'w';
        case 55n: return 'x';
        case 56n: return 'y';
        case 57n: return 'z';
        default:
            throw new Error('invalid base58 bigint: ' + n);
    }
}



/**
 * Base58 character -> integer conversion table
 *
 * @internal
 */
function
char_to_bigint
    (s: string)
    : bigint
{
    switch(s) {
        case '1': return  0n;
        case '2': return  1n;
        case '3': return  2n;
        case '4': return  3n;
        case '5': return  4n;
        case '6': return  5n;
        case '7': return  6n;
        case '8': return  7n;
        case '9': return  8n;
        case 'A': return  9n;
        case 'B': return 10n;
        case 'C': return 11n;
        case 'D': return 12n;
        case 'E': return 13n;
        case 'F': return 14n;
        case 'G': return 15n;
        case 'H': return 16n;
        case 'J': return 17n;
        case 'K': return 18n;
        case 'L': return 19n;
        case 'M': return 20n;
        case 'N': return 21n;
        case 'P': return 22n;
        case 'Q': return 23n;
        case 'R': return 24n;
        case 'S': return 25n;
        case 'T': return 26n;
        case 'U': return 27n;
        case 'V': return 28n;
        case 'W': return 29n;
        case 'X': return 30n;
        case 'Y': return 31n;
        case 'Z': return 32n;
        case 'a': return 33n;
        case 'b': return 34n;
        case 'c': return 35n;
        case 'd': return 36n;
        case 'e': return 37n;
        case 'f': return 38n;
        case 'g': return 39n;
        case 'h': return 40n;
        case 'i': return 41n;
        case 'j': return 42n;
        case 'k': return 43n;
        case 'm': return 44n;
        case 'n': return 45n;
        case 'o': return 46n;
        case 'p': return 47n;
        case 'q': return 48n;
        case 'r': return 49n;
        case 's': return 50n;
        case 't': return 51n;
        case 'u': return 52n;
        case 'v': return 53n;
        case 'w': return 54n;
        case 'x': return 55n;
        case 'y': return 56n;
        case 'z': return 57n;
        default:
            throw new Error('invalid base58 char: ' + s);
    }
}