Copy aeminer_pow, aeminer_pow_cuckoo, aecuckoo_SUITE from ae node

aecuckoo_SUITE is moved from aecuckoo to aeminer

To make the suite pass:
- siphash24 module was taken from ae node
- enacl has become a dep of aeminer (due to blake2b_256 hash)
This commit is contained in:
Juraj Hlista 2019-01-28 10:27:42 +01:00
parent 89d308437e
commit c2b9873d10
12 changed files with 1128 additions and 0 deletions

4
.gitignore vendored Normal file
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_build
c_src
priv
ebin

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Makefile Normal file
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REBAR = ./rebar3
.PHONY: all dialyzer test clean console
all:
$(REBAR) compile
doc:
$(REBAR) doc
dialyzer:
$(REBAR) dialyzer
ct: all
$(REBAR) ct test/aecuckoo_SUITE
clean:
$(REBAR) clean
rm -rf doc/*
distclean: clean
rm -rf _build
console:
$(REBAR) shell

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include/aeminer.hrl Normal file
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-define(HIGHEST_TARGET_SCI, 16#2100ffff).
-define(HIGHEST_TARGET_INT, 16#ffff000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000).
-define(NONCE_BITS, 64).
-define(MAX_NONCE, 16#ffffffffffffffff).
-define(DIFFICULTY_INTEGER_FACTOR, 16#1000000).

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{deps, [{aecuckooprebuilt,
{aecuckooprebuilt_app_with_priv_from_git, {git, "https://github.com/aeternity/cuckoo-prebuilt.git",
{ref, "90afb699dc9cc41d033a7c8551179d32b3bd569d"}}}},
{aecuckoo,
{git, "https://github.com/aeternity/aecuckoo.git", {branch, "master"}}},
{enacl, {git, "https://github.com/aeternity/enacl.git",
{ref, "26180f4"}}}
]}.
{plugins, [{rebar_aecuckooprebuilt_dep, {git, "https://github.com/aeternity/rebar3-cuckoo-prebuilt-plugin.git",
{ref, "2b2f3b3cf969ee91ba41d8351f3808530a8bf28e"}}}
]}.

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rebar.lock Normal file
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[{<<"aecuckoo">>,
{git,"https://github.com/aeternity/aecuckoo.git",
{ref,"fa3d13e8c7003589153223f634c851d389b61b93"}},
0},
{<<"aecuckooprebuilt">>,
{aecuckooprebuilt_app_with_priv_from_git,
{git,"https://github.com/aeternity/cuckoo-prebuilt.git",
{ref,"90afb699dc9cc41d033a7c8551179d32b3bd569d"}}},
0},
{<<"enacl">>,
{git,"https://github.com/aeternity/enacl.git",
{ref,"26180f42c0b3a450905d2efd8bc7fd5fd9cece75"}},
0}].

BIN
rebar3 Executable file

Binary file not shown.

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src/aeminer.app.src Normal file
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{application, aeminer,
[{description, "Aeternity cuckoo miner"},
{vsn, "1.0.0"},
{registered, []},
{applications,
[kernel,
stdlib
]},
{env,[]},
{modules, []},
{maintainers, []},
{licenses, []},
{links, []}
]}.

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-module(aeminer_blake2b_256).
-export([hash/1]).
hash(Bin) ->
{ok, Hash} = enacl:generichash(32, Bin),
Hash.

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src/aeminer_pow.erl Normal file
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%%%=============================================================================
%%% @copyright 2019, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc
%%% Common functions and behaviour for Proof of Work
%%% @end
%%%=============================================================================
-module(aeminer_pow).
-export([integer_to_scientific/1,
next_nonce/2,
pick_nonce/0,
scientific_to_integer/1,
target_to_difficulty/1,
test_target/2,
trim_nonce/2]).
-ifdef(TEST).
-compile([export_all, nowarn_export_all]).
-endif.
-include_lib("aeminer/include/aeminer.hrl").
%% 10^24, approx. 2^80
-define(NONCE_RANGE, 1000000000000000000000000).
-define(POW_MODULE, aeminer_pow_cuckoo).
%% 0..?MAX_NONCE
-type nonce() :: 0..16#ffffffffffffffff.
-export_type([nonce/0]).
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Target threshold and difficulty
%%
%% The mining rate is controlled by setting a target threshold. The PoW nonce
%% is accepted if a hash value (the hash of the header for SHA-256, the hash of
%% the solution graph for Cuckoo Cycleas, converted to an integer) is below
%% this target threshold.
%%
%% A lower target represents a harder task (requiers the hash to start with a
%% number of zeros).
%%
%% The target thershold relates to another value: the diifculty. This is
%% proportional to the hardness of the PoW task:
%%
%% Difficulty = <Target of difficulty 1> / Target,
%%
%% a floating point value.
%% Bitcoin uses 0x00000000FFFF0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
%% as Difficulty 1 target (0x1d00ffff in scientific notation, see below). For
%% Cuckoo Cycle we need a lighter filtering of solutions than for SHA-256 as the
%% basic algorithm is much slower than a simple hash generation, so we use the
%% largest possible value:
%% 0xFFFF000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 (0x2100ffff
%% in scientific notation) as difficulty 1.
%%
%% We store the current target threshold in the block header in scientific notation.
%% Difficulty is used to select the winning fork of new blocks: the difficulty of a
%% chain of blocks is the sum of the diffculty of each block.
%%
%% Integers represented in scientific notation:
%% 2^24 * <base-2 exponent + 3> + the first 3 most significant bytes (i.e.,
%% the significand, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Significand).
%% The + 3 corresponds to the length of the
%% significand (i.e., the int value is 0.<significand> * 8^<exponent>).
%% https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Difficulty#How_is_difficulty_stored_in_blocks.3F)
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-type sci_int() :: integer().
%% Optional evidence for PoW verification
-type pow_evidence() :: 'no_value' | term().
-type pow_result() :: {'ok', {Nonce :: nonce(), Solution :: pow_evidence()}} |
{error, no_solution | {runtime, term()}}.
%% Difficulty: max threshold (0x00000000FFFF0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)
%% over the actual one. Always positive.
-type difficulty() :: integer().
-type miner_config() :: aeminer_pow_cuckoo:miner_config().
-type miner_instance() :: non_neg_integer().
-export_type([sci_int/0,
difficulty/0,
pow_evidence/0,
pow_result/0,
miner_instance/0,
miner_config/0]).
%%%=============================================================================
%%% Behaviour
%%%=============================================================================
-type hashable() :: binary().
-callback generate(Data :: hashable(), Target :: aeminer_pow:sci_int(),
Nonce :: aeminer_pow:nonce(), MinerConfig :: aeminer_pow:miner_config(),
MinerInstance :: aeminer_pow:miner_instance()) ->
aeminer_pow:pow_result().
-callback verify(Data :: hashable(), Nonce :: aeminer_pow:nonce(),
Evd :: aeminer_pow:pow_evidence(), Target :: aeminer_pow:sci_int()) ->
boolean().
%%%=============================================================================
%%% API
%%%=============================================================================
-spec scientific_to_integer(sci_int()) -> integer().
scientific_to_integer(S) ->
{Exp, Significand} = break_up_scientific(S),
E3 = Exp - 3,
case Exp >= 0 of
true ->
Significand bsl (8 * E3);
false ->
Significand bsr (-8 * E3)
end.
-spec integer_to_scientific(integer()) -> sci_int().
integer_to_scientific(I) ->
%% Find exponent and significand
{Exp, Significand} = integer_to_scientific(I, 3),
case Exp >= 0 of
true ->
%% 1st byte: exponent, next 3 bytes: significand
(Exp bsl 24) + Significand;
false ->
%% flip sign bit in significand
((-Exp) bsl 24) + 16#800000 + Significand
end.
%% We want difficulty to be an integer, to still have enough precision using
%% integer division we multiply by K (1 bsl 24).
-spec target_to_difficulty(sci_int()) -> integer().
target_to_difficulty(SciTgt) ->
(?DIFFICULTY_INTEGER_FACTOR * ?HIGHEST_TARGET_INT)
div scientific_to_integer(SciTgt).
-spec next_nonce(aeminer_pow:nonce(), aeminer_pow:miner_config()) -> aeminer_pow:nonce().
next_nonce(Nonce, Cfg) ->
Nonce + aeminer_pow_cuckoo:get_repeats(Cfg).
-spec pick_nonce() -> aeminer_pow:nonce().
pick_nonce() ->
rand:uniform(?NONCE_RANGE) band ?MAX_NONCE.
-spec trim_nonce(aeminer_pow:nonce(), aeminer_pow:miner_config()) -> aeminer_pow:nonce().
trim_nonce(Nonce, Cfg) ->
case Nonce + aeminer_pow_cuckoo:get_repeats(Cfg) < ?MAX_NONCE of
true -> Nonce;
false -> 0
end.
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Test if binary is under the target threshold
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-spec test_target(binary(), sci_int()) -> boolean().
test_target(Bin, Target) ->
Threshold = scientific_to_integer(Target),
<<Val:32/big-unsigned-integer-unit:8>> = Bin,
Val < Threshold.
%%%=============================================================================
%%% Internal functions
%%%=============================================================================
integer_to_scientific(I, Exp) when I > 16#7fffff ->
integer_to_scientific(I bsr 8, Exp + 1);
integer_to_scientific(I, Exp) when I < 16#008000, I > 16#000000 ->
integer_to_scientific(I bsl 8, Exp - 1);
integer_to_scientific(I, Exp) ->
%% Add the number of bytes in the significand
{Exp, I}.
%% Return the exponent and significand of a sci_int().
break_up_scientific(S) ->
SigMask = (1 bsl 24) - 1,
Exp = ((S bxor SigMask) bsr 24),
Significand = S band SigMask,
%% Remove the sign bit, apply to exponent
case 16#800000 band Significand of
0 ->
{Exp, Significand};
_ ->
{-Exp, Significand - 16#800000}
end.
%% ------------ GET TARGET ------------
%%Bin = solution_to_binary(lists:sort(Soln), NodeSize * 8, <<>>),
%%Hash = aec_hash:hash(pow, Bin),
%%<<Val:32/big-unsigned-integer-unit:8>> = Hash,
%%Val

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%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% @copyright (C) 2019, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc
%%% A library providing Cuckoo Cycle PoW generation and verification.
%%% Using (as an independent OS process) the C/C++ Cuckoo Cycle implementation of
%%% John Tromp: https://github.com/tromp/cuckoo
%%% White paper: https://github.com/tromp/cuckoo/blob/master/doc/cuckoo.pdf?raw=true
%%%
%%% We use erlang:open_port/2 to start an OS process that runs this C code.
%%% The reasons for using this over os:cmd and erlexec are:
%%% - no additional C-based dependency which is Unix-focused and therefore hard to port to Windows
%%% - widely tested and multiplatform-enabled solution
%%%
%%% @end
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
-module(aeminer_pow_cuckoo).
-behaviour(aeminer_pow).
-export([check_env/0,
generate/5,
get_addressed_instances/1,
get_miner_configs/0,
get_repeats/1,
verify/4]).
-ifdef(TEST).
-compile([export_all, nowarn_export_all]).
-include_lib("eunit/include/eunit.hrl").
-endif.
-include("aeminer.hrl").
-define(debug(F, A), epoch_pow_cuckoo:debug(F, A)).
-define(info(F, A), epoch_pow_cuckoo:info(F, A)).
-define(warning(F, A), epoch_pow_cuckoo:warning(F, A)).
-define(error(F, A), epoch_pow_cuckoo:error(F, A)).
-type os_pid() :: integer() | undefined.
-type pow_cuckoo_solution() :: [integer()].
-record(state, {os_pid :: os_pid(),
port :: port() | undefined,
buffer = [] :: string(),
target :: aeminer_pow:sci_int() | undefined,
parser :: output_parser_fun()}).
-type output_parser_fun() :: fun((list(string()), #state{}) ->
{'ok', term(), term()} | {'error', term()}).
-define(DEFAULT_EXECUTABLE_GROUP , <<"aemineruckoo">>).
-define(DEFAULT_EXTRA_ARGS , <<>>).
-define(DEFAULT_HEX_ENCODED_HEADER , false).
-define(DEFAULT_REPEATS , 1).
-define(DEFAULT_EDGE_BITS , 29).
-define(DEFAULT_CUCKOO_ENV,
{?DEFAULT_EDGE_BITS,
[{<<"mean29-generic">>, ?DEFAULT_EXTRA_ARGS, ?DEFAULT_HEX_ENCODED_HEADER,
?DEFAULT_REPEATS, undefined, ?DEFAULT_EXECUTABLE_GROUP}]}).
-record(miner_config,
{executable :: list(),
executable_group :: binary(),
extra_args :: list(),
hex_encoded_header :: boolean(),
repeats :: non_neg_integer(),
instances :: list(aeminer_pow:miner_instance()) | 'undefined'}).
-type miner_config() :: #miner_config{}.
-export_type([miner_config/0]).
%%%=============================================================================
%%% API
%%%=============================================================================
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Assert that configuration options 'mining > cuckoo > miners' and
%% 'mining > cuckoo > edge_bits' are not used together with deprecated
%% configuration property 'mining > cuckoo > miner'.
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
check_env() ->
case {aeu_env:user_map([<<"mining">>, <<"cuckoo">>, <<"miners">>]),
aeu_env:user_config([<<"mining">>, <<"cuckoo">>, <<"edge_bits">>])} of
{undefined, undefined} -> ok;
{_, _} ->
case aeu_env:user_config([<<"mining">>, <<"cuckoo">>, <<"miner">>]) of
undefined -> ok;
_ ->
lager:error("Config error: deprecated property 'mining > cuckoo > miner' cannot be used "
"together with 'mining > cuckoo > miners' or 'mining > cuckoo > edge_bits'"),
exit(cuckoo_config_validation_failed)
end
end.
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Proof of Work generation with default settings
%%
%% According to my experiments, increasing the number of trims from the default
%% 7 in John Tromp's code does not really affect speed, reducing it causes failure.
%%
%% Measured execution times (seconds) for 7 trims for threads:
%% 1: 44.61 46.92 46.41
%% 2: 15.17 15.75 19.19
%% 3: 9.35 10.92 9.73
%% 4: 10.66 7.83 10.02
%% 5: 7.41 7.47 7.32
%% 10: 7.27 6.70 6.38
%% 20: 6.25 6.74 6.41
%%
%% Very slow below 3 threads, not improving significantly above 5, let us take 5.
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-type hashable() :: binary().
-spec generate(Data :: hashable(), Target :: aeminer_pow:sci_int(),
Nonce :: aeminer_pow:nonce(), MinerConfig :: aeminer_pow:miner_config(),
MinerInstance :: aeminer_pow:miner_instance() | 'undefined') -> aeminer_pow:pow_result().
generate(Data, Target, Nonce, MinerConfig, MinerInstance) when Nonce >= 0,
Nonce =< ?MAX_NONCE ->
%% Hash Data and convert the resulting binary to a base64 string for Cuckoo
%% Since this hash is purely internal, we don't use api encoding
Hash = aeminer_blake2b_256:hash(Data),
Hash64 = base64:encode_to_string(Hash),
?debug("Generating solution for data hash ~p and nonce ~p with target ~p.",
[Hash, Nonce, Target]),
case generate_int(Hash64, Nonce, Target, MinerConfig, MinerInstance) of
{ok, Nonce1, Soln} ->
{ok, {Nonce1, Soln}};
{error, no_value} ->
?debug("No cuckoo solution found", []),
{error, no_solution};
{error, Reason} ->
%% Executable failed (segfault, not found, etc.): let miner decide
{error, {runtime, Reason}}
end.
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Proof of Work verification (with difficulty check)
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-spec verify(Data :: hashable(), Nonce :: aeminer_pow:nonce(),
Evd :: aeminer_pow:pow_evidence(), Target :: aeminer_pow:sci_int()) ->
boolean().
verify(Data, Nonce, Evd, Target) when is_list(Evd),
Nonce >= 0, Nonce =< ?MAX_NONCE ->
Hash = aeminer_blake2b_256:hash(Data),
case test_target(Evd, Target) of
true ->
verify_proof(Hash, Nonce, Evd);
false ->
false
end.
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Read and parse miner configs.
%%
%% Miners defined in epoch.{json,yaml} user config file take precedence.
%% If there are no miners defined in the user config, sys.config cuckoo
%% miners are read. If there are neither user config nor sys.config miners
%% ?DEFAULT_CUCKOO_ENV is used as the last resort option (i.e. mean29-generic
%% without any extra args).
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-spec get_miner_configs() -> list(miner_config()).
get_miner_configs() ->
case get_miners_from_user_config() of
{ok, MinerConfigs} -> MinerConfigs;
undefined ->
case get_miners_from_deprecated_user_config() of
{ok, MinerConfigs} -> MinerConfigs;
undefined -> get_miners_from_sys_config()
end
end.
-spec get_addressed_instances(miner_config()) -> list(non_neg_integer()) | undefined.
get_addressed_instances(#miner_config{instances = Instances}) ->
Instances.
-spec get_repeats(miner_config()) -> non_neg_integer().
get_repeats(#miner_config{repeats = Repeats}) ->
Repeats.
%%%=============================================================================
%%% Internal functions
%%%=============================================================================
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Config handling
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
get_options() ->
{_, _} = aeu_env:get_env(aeminerore, aeminer_pow_cuckoo, ?DEFAULT_CUCKOO_ENV).
get_miners_from_user_config() ->
case aeu_env:user_map([<<"mining">>, <<"cuckoo">>, <<"miners">>]) of
{ok, MinerConfigMaps} ->
MinerConfigs =
lists:foldl(
fun(ConfigMap, Configs) ->
[build_miner_config(ConfigMap) | Configs]
end, [], MinerConfigMaps),
{ok, MinerConfigs};
undefined -> undefined
end.
get_miners_from_deprecated_user_config() ->
case aeu_env:user_map([<<"mining">>, <<"cuckoo">>, <<"miner">>]) of
{ok, MinerConfigMap} ->
%% In the deprecated config 'mining > cuckoo > miner'
%% 'instances' is the property indicating the number of instances to be addressed.
%% Addressed instances list has to be generated accordingly (indexed from 0).
case maps:get(<<"instances">>, MinerConfigMap, undefined) of
undefined ->
MinerConfigs = [build_miner_config(MinerConfigMap)],
{ok, MinerConfigs};
InstancesCount ->
AddressedInstances = lists:seq(0, InstancesCount - 1),
MinerConfigMap1 = MinerConfigMap#{<<"addressed_instances">> => AddressedInstances},
MinerConfigs = [build_miner_config(MinerConfigMap1)],
{ok, MinerConfigs}
end;
undefined -> undefined
end.
get_miners_from_sys_config() ->
{_, MinerConfigLists} = get_options(),
lists:foldl(
fun({_, _, _, _, _, _} = Config, Configs) ->
[build_miner_config(Config) | Configs]
end, [], MinerConfigLists).
build_miner_config(Config) when is_map(Config) ->
Executable = maps:get(<<"executable">> , Config),
ExecutableGroup = maps:get(<<"executable_group">> , Config, ?DEFAULT_EXECUTABLE_GROUP),
ExtraArgs = maps:get(<<"extra_args">> , Config, ?DEFAULT_EXTRA_ARGS),
HexEncodedHdr = maps:get(<<"hex_encoded_header">> , Config, ?DEFAULT_HEX_ENCODED_HEADER),
Repeats = maps:get(<<"repeats">> , Config, ?DEFAULT_REPEATS),
Instances = maps:get(<<"addressed_instances">>, Config, undefined),
#miner_config{
executable = binary_to_list(Executable),
executable_group = ExecutableGroup,
extra_args = binary_to_list(ExtraArgs),
hex_encoded_header = HexEncodedHdr,
repeats = Repeats,
instances = Instances};
build_miner_config({Executable, ExtraArgs, HexEncodedHeader, Repeats, Instances, ExecutableGroup}) ->
#miner_config{
executable = binary_to_list(Executable),
executable_group = ExecutableGroup,
extra_args = binary_to_list(ExtraArgs),
hex_encoded_header = HexEncodedHeader,
repeats = Repeats,
instances = Instances}.
get_edge_bits() ->
case aeu_env:user_config([<<"mining">>, <<"cuckoo">>, <<"edge_bits">>]) of
{ok, EdgeBits} -> EdgeBits;
undefined ->
%% Deprecated property 'mining' > 'cuckoo' > 'miner' > 'edge_bits'
case aeu_env:user_config([<<"mining">>, <<"cuckoo">>, <<"miner">>, <<"edge_bits">>]) of
{ok, EdgeBits} -> EdgeBits;
undefined ->
{EdgeBits, _} = get_options(),
EdgeBits
end
end.
get_executable(#miner_config{executable = Executable}) ->
Executable.
get_extra_args(#miner_config{extra_args = ExtraArgs}) ->
ExtraArgs.
is_hex_encoded_header(#miner_config{hex_encoded_header = HexEncodedHeader}) ->
HexEncodedHeader.
is_miner_instance_addressation_enabled(#miner_config{instances = Instances}) ->
case Instances of
undefined -> false;
I when is_list(I) -> true
end.
miner_bin_dir(#miner_config{executable_group = ExecutableGroup}) ->
case ExecutableGroup of
<<"aemineruckoo">> -> aemineruckoo:bin_dir();
<<"aemineruckooprebuilt">> -> code:priv_dir(aemineruckooprebuilt)
end.
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Proof of Work generation: use the hash provided
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-spec generate_int(Hash :: string(), Nonce :: aeminer_pow:nonce(),
Target :: aeminer_pow:sci_int(), aeminer_pow:miner_config(), Instance :: non_neg_integer()) ->
{'ok', Nonce2 :: aeminer_pow:nonce(), Solution :: pow_cuckoo_solution()} |
{'error', term()}.
generate_int(Hash, Nonce, Target, #miner_config{} = Config, Instance) ->
MinerBin = get_executable(Config),
MinerExtraArgs0 = get_extra_args(Config),
MinerExtraArgs = case is_miner_instance_addressation_enabled(Config) of
true -> MinerExtraArgs0 ++ " -d " ++ integer_to_list(Instance);
false -> MinerExtraArgs0
end,
EncodedHash = case is_hex_encoded_header(Config) of
true -> hex_string(Hash);
false -> Hash
end,
MinerBinDir = miner_bin_dir(Config),
generate_int(EncodedHash, Nonce, Target, MinerBinDir, MinerBin, MinerExtraArgs, Config).
generate_int(Hash, Nonce, Target, MinerBinDir, MinerBin, MinerExtraArgs, Config) ->
Repeats = integer_to_list(get_repeats(Config)),
Args = ["-h", Hash, "-n", integer_to_list(Nonce), "-r", Repeats | string:tokens(MinerExtraArgs, " ")],
?info("Executing cmd '~s ~s'", [MinerBin, lists:concat(lists:join(" ", Args))]),
Old = process_flag(trap_exit, true),
try exec_run(MinerBin, MinerBinDir, Args) of
{ok, Port, OsPid} ->
wait_for_result(#state{os_pid = OsPid,
port = Port,
buffer = [],
parser = fun parse_generation_result/2,
target = Target});
{error, _} = E ->
E
catch
C:E ->
{error, {unknown, {C, E}}}
after
process_flag(trap_exit, Old),
receive
{'EXIT',_From, shutdown} -> exit(shutdown)
after 0 -> ok
end
end.
-spec hex_string(string()) -> string().
hex_string(S) ->
Bin = list_to_binary(S),
lists:flatten([io_lib:format("~2.16.0B", [B]) || <<B:8>> <= Bin]).
-define(POW_OK, ok).
-define(POW_TOO_BIG(Nonce), {error, {nonce_too_big, Nonce}}).
-define(POW_TOO_SMALL(Nonce, PrevNonce), {error, {nonces_not_ascending, Nonce, PrevNonce}}).
-define(POW_NON_MATCHING, {error, endpoints_do_not_match_up}).
-define(POW_BRANCH, {error, branch_in_cycle}).
-define(POW_DEAD_END, {error, cycle_dead_ends}).
-define(POW_SHORT_CYCLE, {error, cycle_too_short}).
-define(PROOFSIZE, 42).
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% @doc
%% Proof of Work verification (difficulty check should be done before calling
%% this function)
%% @end
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-spec verify_proof(Hash :: binary(), Nonce :: aeminer_pow:nonce(),
Solution :: aeminer_pow:pow_evidence()) -> boolean().
verify_proof(Hash, Nonce, Solution) ->
verify_proof(Hash, Nonce, Solution, get_edge_bits()).
verify_proof(Hash, Nonce, Solution, EdgeBits) ->
%% Cuckoo has an 80 byte header, we have to use that as well
%% packed Hash + Nonce = 56 bytes, add 24 bytes of 0:s
Header0 = pack_header_and_nonce(Hash, Nonce),
Header = <<(list_to_binary(Header0))/binary, 0:(8*24)>>,
verify_proof_(Header, Solution, EdgeBits).
verify_proof_(Header, Solution, EdgeBits) ->
{K0, K1, K2, K3} = aeminer_siphash24:create_keys(Header),
EdgeMask = (1 bsl EdgeBits) - 1,
try
%% Generate Uv pairs representing endpoints by hashing the proof
%% XOR points together: for a closed cycle they must match somewhere
%% making one of the XORs zero.
{Xor0, Xor1, _, Uvs} =
lists:foldl(
fun(N, _) when N > EdgeMask ->
throw(?POW_TOO_BIG(N));
(N, {_Xor0, _Xor1, PrevN, _Uvs}) when N =< PrevN ->
throw(?POW_TOO_SMALL(N, PrevN));
(N, {Xor0C, Xor1C, _PrevN, UvsC}) ->
Uv0 = sipnode(K0, K1, K2, K3, N, 0, EdgeMask),
Uv1 = sipnode(K0, K1, K2, K3, N, 1, EdgeMask),
{Xor0C bxor Uv0, Xor1C bxor Uv1, N, [{Uv0, Uv1} | UvsC]}
end, {16#0, 16#0, -1, []}, Solution),
case Xor0 bor Xor1 of
0 ->
%% check cycle
case check_cycle(Uvs) of
ok -> true;
{error, E} -> throw(E)
end;
_ ->
%% matching endpoints imply zero xors
throw(?POW_NON_MATCHING)
end
catch
throw:{error, Reason} ->
?info("Proof verification failed for ~p: ~p", [Solution, Reason]),
false
end.
sipnode(K0, K1, K2, K3, Proof, UOrV, EdgeMask) ->
SipHash = aeminer_siphash24:hash(K0, K1, K2, K3, 2*Proof + UOrV) band EdgeMask,
(SipHash bsl 1) bor UOrV.
check_cycle(Nodes0) ->
Nodes = lists:keysort(2, Nodes0),
{Evens0, Odds} = lists:unzip(Nodes),
Evens = lists:sort(Evens0), %% Odd nodes are already sorted...
UEvens = lists:usort(Evens),
UOdds = lists:usort(Odds),
%% Check that all nodes appear exactly twice (i.e. each node has
%% exactly two edges).
case length(UEvens) == (?PROOFSIZE div 2) andalso
length(UOdds) == (?PROOFSIZE div 2) andalso
UOdds == Odds -- UOdds andalso UEvens == Evens -- UEvens of
false ->
{error, ?POW_BRANCH};
true ->
[{X0, Y0}, {X1, Y0} | Nodes1] = Nodes,
check_cycle(X0, X1, Nodes1)
end.
%% If we reach the end in the last step everything is fine
check_cycle(X, X, []) ->
ok;
%% If we reach the end too early the cycle is too short
check_cycle(X, X, _) ->
{error, ?POW_SHORT_CYCLE};
check_cycle(XEnd, XNext, Nodes) ->
%% Find the outbound edge for XNext and follow that edge
%% to an odd node and back again to NewXNext
case find_node(XNext, Nodes, []) of
Err = {error, _} -> Err;
{XNext, NewXNext, NewNodes} -> check_cycle(XEnd, NewXNext, NewNodes)
end.
find_node(_, [], _Acc) ->
{error, ?POW_DEAD_END};
find_node(X, [{X, Y}, {X1, Y} | Nodes], Acc) ->
{X, X1, Nodes ++ Acc};
find_node(X, [{X1, Y}, {X, Y} | Nodes], Acc) ->
{X, X1, Nodes ++ Acc};
find_node(X, [{X, _Y} | _], _Acc) ->
{error, ?POW_DEAD_END};
find_node(X, [N1, N2 | Nodes], Acc) ->
find_node(X, Nodes, [N1, N2 | Acc]).
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% @doc
%% Creates the Cuckoo buffer (hex encoded) from a base64-encoded hash and a
%% uint64 nonce.
%% Since this hash is purely internal, we don't use api encoding.
%% @end
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-spec pack_header_and_nonce(binary(), aeminer_pow:nonce()) -> string().
pack_header_and_nonce(Hash, Nonce) when byte_size(Hash) == 32 ->
%% Cuckoo originally uses 32-bit nonces inserted at the end of its 80-byte buffer.
%% This buffer is hashed into the keys used by the main algorithm.
%%
%% We insert our 64-bit Nonce right after the hash of the block header We
%% base64-encode both the hash of the block header and the nonce and pass
%% the resulting command-line friendly string with the -h option to Cuckoo.
%%
%% The SHA256 hash is 32 bytes (44 chars base64-encoded), the nonce is 8 bytes
%% (12 chars base64-encoded). That leaves plenty of room (80 - 56 = 24
%% bytes) for cuckoo to put its nonce (which will be 0 in our case) in.
%%
%% (Base64 encoding: see RFC 3548, Section 3:
%% https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548#page-4
%% converts every triplet of bytes to 4 characters: from N bytes to 4*ceil(N/3)
%% bytes.)
%%
%% Like Cuckoo, we use little-endian for the nonce here.
NonceStr = base64:encode_to_string(<<Nonce:64/little-unsigned-integer>>),
HashStr = base64:encode_to_string(Hash),
%% Cuckoo will automatically fill bytes not given with -h option to 0, thus
%% we need only return the two base64 encoded strings concatenated.
%% 44 + 12 = 56 bytes
HashStr ++ NonceStr.
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% @doc
%% Receive and process notifications about the fate of the process and its
%% output. The receieved stdout tends to be in large chunks, we keep a buffer
%% for the last line fragment w/o NL.
%% @end
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-spec wait_for_result(#state{}) ->
{'ok', aeminer_pow:nonce(), pow_cuckoo_solution()} | {'error', term()}.
wait_for_result(#state{os_pid = OsPid,
port = Port,
buffer = Buffer} = State) ->
receive
{Port, {data, Msg}} ->
Str = binary_to_list(Msg),
{Lines, NewBuffer} = handle_fragmented_lines(Str, Buffer),
(State#state.parser)(Lines, State#state{buffer = NewBuffer});
{Port, {exit_status, 0}} ->
wait_for_result(State);
{'EXIT',_From, shutdown} ->
%% Someone is telling us to stop
stop_execution(OsPid),
exit(shutdown);
{'EXIT', Port, normal} ->
%% Process ended but no value found
{error, no_value};
_Other ->
wait_for_result(State)
end.
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% @doc
%% Prepend the first new incoming line with the last line fragment stored
%% in Buffer and replace Buffer with the possible new line fragment at the
%% end of Str.
%% @end
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-spec handle_fragmented_lines(string(), string()) -> {list(string()), string()}.
handle_fragmented_lines(Str, Buffer) ->
Lines = string:tokens(Str, "\n"),
%% Add previous truncated line if present to first line
Lines2 =
case Buffer of
[] ->
Lines;
_ ->
[Line1 | More] = Lines,
[Buffer ++ Line1 | More]
end,
%% Keep last fraction (w/o NL) in buffer
case lists:last(Str) of
$\n ->
{Lines2, ""};
_ ->
{L3, [Bf]} = lists:split(length(Lines) - 1, Lines2),
{L3, Bf}
end.
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% @doc
%% Parse miner output
%% @end
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-spec parse_generation_result(list(string()), #state{}) ->
{'ok', Nonce :: aeminer_pow:nonce(), Solution :: pow_cuckoo_solution()} |
{'error', term()}.
parse_generation_result([], State) ->
wait_for_result(State);
parse_generation_result(["Solution" ++ NonceValuesStr | Rest], #state{os_pid = OsPid,
target = Target} = State) ->
[NonceStr | SolStrs] = string:tokens(NonceValuesStr, " "),
Soln = [list_to_integer(string:trim(V, both, [$\r]), 16) || V <- SolStrs],
case {length(Soln), test_target(Soln, Target)} of
{42, true} ->
stop_execution(OsPid),
case parse_nonce_str(NonceStr) of
{ok, Nonce} ->
?debug("Solution found: ~p", [Soln]),
{ok, Nonce, Soln};
Err = {error, _} ->
?debug("Bad nonce: ~p", [Err]),
Err
end;
{N, _} when N /= 42 ->
%% No nonce in solution, old miner executable?
?debug("Solution has wrong length (~p) should be 42", [N]),
stop_execution(OsPid),
{error, bad_miner};
{_, false} ->
%% failed to meet target: go on, we may find another solution
?debug("Failed to meet target (~p)", [Target]),
parse_generation_result(Rest, State)
end;
parse_generation_result([_Msg | T], State) ->
parse_generation_result(T, State).
parse_nonce_str(S) ->
try {ok, list_to_integer(string:trim(S, both, "()"), 16)}
catch _:_ -> {error, bad_nonce} end.
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% @doc
%% Stop the OS process
%% @end
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-spec stop_execution(os_pid()) -> ok.
stop_execution(OsPid) ->
exec_kill(OsPid),
?debug("Mining OS process ~p stopped", [OsPid]),
ok.
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% @doc
%% The Cuckoo solution is a list of uint32 integers unless the graph size is
%% greater than 33 (when it needs u64 to store). Hash result for difficulty
%% control accordingly.
%% @end
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-spec get_node_size() -> non_neg_integer().
get_node_size() ->
node_size(get_edge_bits()).
%% Refs:
%% * https://github.com/tromp/cuckoo/blob/488c03f5dbbfdac6d2d3a7e1d0746c9a7dafc48f/src/Makefile#L214-L215
%% * https://github.com/tromp/cuckoo/blob/488c03f5dbbfdac6d2d3a7e1d0746c9a7dafc48f/src/cuckoo.h#L26-L30
-spec node_size(non_neg_integer()) -> non_neg_integer().
node_size(EdgeBits) when is_integer(EdgeBits), EdgeBits > 31 -> 8;
node_size(EdgeBits) when is_integer(EdgeBits), EdgeBits > 0 -> 4.
-spec exec_run(string(), string(), list(string())) ->
{ok, Port :: port(), OsPid :: os_pid()} |
{error, {port_error, {term(), term()}}}.
exec_run(Cmd, Dir, Args) ->
PortSettings = [
binary,
exit_status,
hide,
in,
overlapped_io,
stderr_to_stdout,
{args, Args},
{cd, Dir}
],
PortName = {spawn_executable, os:find_executable(Cmd, Dir)},
try
Port = erlang:open_port(PortName, PortSettings),
case erlang:port_info(Port, os_pid) of
{os_pid, OsPid} ->
?debug("External mining process started with OS pid ~p", [OsPid]),
{ok, Port, OsPid};
undefined ->
?warning("External mining process finished before ~p could acquire the OS pid", [?MODULE]),
{ok, Port, undefined}
end
catch
C:E ->
{error, {port_error, {C, E}}}
end.
-spec exec_kill(os_pid()) -> ok.
exec_kill(undefined) ->
ok;
exec_kill(OsPid) ->
case is_unix() of
true ->
os:cmd(io_lib:format("kill -9 ~p", [OsPid])),
ok;
false ->
os:cmd(io_lib:format("taskkill /PID ~p /T /F", [OsPid])),
ok
end.
-spec is_unix() -> boolean().
is_unix() ->
case erlang:system_info(system_architecture) of
"win32" ->
false;
_ ->
true
end.
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% White paper, section 9: rather than adjusting the nodes/edges ratio, a
%% hash-based target is suggested: the sha256 hash of the cycle nonces
%% is restricted to be under the target value (0 < target < 2^256).
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-spec test_target(Soln :: pow_cuckoo_solution(), Target :: aeminer_pow:sci_int()) ->
boolean().
test_target(Soln, Target) ->
test_target(Soln, Target, get_node_size()).
test_target(Soln, Target, NodeSize) ->
Bin = solution_to_binary(lists:sort(Soln), NodeSize * 8, <<>>),
Hash = aeminer_blake2b_256:hash(Bin),
aeminer_pow:test_target(Hash, Target).
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%% Convert solution (a list of 42 numbers) to a binary
%% in a languauge-independent way
%%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-spec solution_to_binary(Soln :: pow_cuckoo_solution(), Bits :: integer(),
Acc :: binary()) -> binary().
solution_to_binary([], _Bits, Acc) ->
Acc;
solution_to_binary([H | T], Bits, Acc) ->
solution_to_binary(T, Bits, <<Acc/binary, H:Bits>>).

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%%%=============================================================================
%%% @copyright (C) 2019, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc
%%% SipHash-2-4 without standard IV xor and specialized to precomputed key and 8 byte nonces
%%% @end
%%%=============================================================================
-module(aeminer_siphash24).
-export([create_keys/1,
hash/5]).
-ifdef(TEST).
-compile([export_all, nowarn_export_all]).
-endif.
-define(MAX64, 16#ffffffffffffffff).
-type hashable() :: integer().
-type siphash_key() :: integer().
-type sip_quadruple() :: {integer(), integer(), integer(), integer()}.%% in fact, uint64
-export_type([hashable/0,
siphash_key/0]).
%%%=============================================================================
%%% API
%%%=============================================================================
-spec create_keys(binary()) ->
{aeu_siphash24:siphash_key(),
aeu_siphash24:siphash_key(),
aeu_siphash24:siphash_key(),
aeu_siphash24:siphash_key()}.
create_keys(Header) ->
AuxHash = <<_:32/binary>> = aeminer_blake2b_256:hash(Header),
<<K0:64/little-unsigned,
K1:64/little-unsigned,
K2:64/little-unsigned,
K3:64/little-unsigned>> = AuxHash,
{K0, K1, K2, K3}.
-spec hash(siphash_key(), siphash_key(), siphash_key(), siphash_key(), hashable()) -> hashable().
hash(K0, K1, K2, K3, Nonce) ->
V0 = K0,
V1 = K1,
V2 = K2,
V3 = K3 bxor Nonce,
{V01, V11, V21, V31} =
sip_round(sip_round(sip_round(sip_round(sip_change(Nonce, sip_round(sip_round({V0, V1, V2, V3}))))))),
rotl64(((V01 bxor V11) bxor (V21 bxor V31)), 17) band 16#ffffffffffffffff.
%%%=============================================================================
%%% Internal functions
%%%=============================================================================
%% 1:
%% v0 += v1; v2 += v3; v1 = ROTL(v1,13); \
%% v3 = ROTL(v3,16);
%% 2:
%% v1 ^= v0; v3 ^= v2; \
%% v0 = ROTL(v0,32);
%% 3:
%% v2 += v1; v0 += v3; \
%% v1 = ROTL(v1,17); v3 = ROTL(v3,21); \
%% 4:
%% v1 ^= v2; v3 ^= v0; v2 = ROTL(v2,32); \
-spec sip_round(sip_quadruple()) -> sip_quadruple().
sip_round({_V0, _V1, _V2, _V3} = Vs) ->
sip_round4(sip_round3(sip_round2(sip_round1(Vs)))).
-spec sip_round1(sip_quadruple()) -> sip_quadruple().
sip_round1({V0, V1, V2, V3}) ->
{(V0 + V1) band ?MAX64, rotl64(V1, 13), (V2 + V3) band ?MAX64, rotl64(V3, 16)}.
-spec sip_round2(sip_quadruple()) -> sip_quadruple().
sip_round2({V0, V1, V2, V3}) ->
{rotl64(V0, 32), V1 bxor V0, V2, V3 bxor V2}.
-spec sip_round3(sip_quadruple()) -> sip_quadruple().
sip_round3({V0, V1, V2, V3}) ->
{(V0 + V3) band ?MAX64, rotl64(V1, 17), (V2 + V1) band ?MAX64, rotl64(V3, 21)}.
-spec sip_round4(sip_quadruple()) -> sip_quadruple().
sip_round4({V0, V1, V2, V3}) ->
{V0, V1 bxor V2, rotl64(V2, 32), V3 bxor V0}.
-spec sip_change(integer(), sip_quadruple()) -> sip_quadruple().
sip_change(Nonce, {V0, V1, V2, V3}) ->
{V0 bxor Nonce, V1, V2 bxor 16#ff, V3}.
-spec rotl64(integer(), integer()) -> integer().
rotl64(X, B) ->
((X bsl B) bor (X bsr (64 - B))) band 16#ffffffffffffffff.

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%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%%% @copyright (C) 2019, Aeternity Anstalt
%%% @doc Basic sanity checks and examples on Cuckoo cycle PoW executables.
%%% @end
%%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
-module(aecuckoo_SUITE).
%% common_test exports
-export(
[
all/0, groups/0,
init_per_group/2, end_per_group/2
]).
%% test case exports
-export([smoke_test/1]).
-include_lib("common_test/include/ct.hrl").
-define(TEST_MODULE, aecuckoo).
all() ->
[
{group, smoke_tests_15}
].
groups() ->
[
{smoke_tests_15, [{group, mean15},
{group, lean15}]},
{mean15, [smoke_test]},
{lean15, [smoke_test]}
].
init_per_group(smoke_tests_15, Config) ->
[{nonce, 91} | Config];
init_per_group(mean15, Config) ->
[{miner, 'mean15-generic'} | Config];
init_per_group(lean15, Config) ->
[{miner, 'lean15-generic'} | Config].
end_per_group(_Group, _Config) ->
ok.
smoke_test(Config) ->
Nonce = ?config(nonce, Config),
Miner = ?config(miner, Config),
MinBin = ?TEST_MODULE:bin(atom_to_list(Miner)),
Cmd = io_lib:format("'~s' -n ~B | grep '^Solution'", [MinBin, Nonce]),
ct:log("Command: ~s~n", [Cmd]),
CmdRes = nonl(os:cmd(Cmd)),
ct:log("Command result: ~s~n", [CmdRes]),
Solution = lists:map(fun(X) -> list_to_integer(X, 16) end, tl(string:tokens(CmdRes, " "))),
HeaderEquivalent = <<0:(44*8), (base64:encode(<<Nonce:64/little-unsigned-integer>>))/binary, 0:(24*8)>>,
42 = length(Solution),
true = aeminer_pow_cuckoo:verify_proof_(HeaderEquivalent, Solution, 15),
ok.
nonl([$\n]) -> [];
nonl([]) -> [];
nonl([H|T]) -> [H|nonl(T)].